COPD uphethwe: oonobangela, iimpawu, isifo kwaye afumane unyango. Chronic obstructive isifo pulmonary

COPD (ezingapheliyo sisifo obstructive pulmonary) - loo ngezifo leyo lukhatshwa ukudumba kwizigqeba zemiphunga. Izizathu ingaba iimeko zokusingqongileyo kunye nenani abanye, kuquka ukutshaya. Ngokuba sifo inkqubela ekuqhelekileyo rhoqo, ekhokelela ukuhla ukusebenza isixokelelwano sokuphefumla. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oku kukhokelela ukusilela sokuphefumla.

Ikakhulu isifo eso kwaphawuleka eneminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu. Kwezinye iimeko, izigulane COPD wavuma ukuya esibhedlele kunye besebancinane. Njengomgaqo, oku ngenxa yofuzo. Kwakhona engozini enkulu yokuba sifo abo batshayayo ixesha elide.

iqela ubungozi

Lokufunyaniswa COPD ngabantu abadala eRashiya emsebenzini wonke wesithathu, wasondela emnyango iminyaka engama-70. Statistics ikuvumela ukuba nithi ngokuzithemba ukuba oku kunxulumene ngqo ugwayi. Kwakhona, kukho unxibelelwano olucacileyo kunye indlela yobomi, oko kukuthi, indawo yomsebenzi: okuba nesifo iphezulu kwimeko xa abantu basebenza kwiimeko ezinobungozi kunye enothuli. Ichaphazela abahlala kwizixeko industrial: apha ipesenti amatyala ngaphezulu kwiindawo kunye nokusingqongileyo okucocekileyo.

COPD ngokufuthi ikhula abantu abadala, kodwa unako bayagula, kwaye eselula kunye yofuzo. Oku kungenxa isizukulwana athile omzimba nokuqina ijwabu semiphunga. Kwakhona, kukho izifundo zonyango ukuphika esi sifo ngenxa usana ngaphambi kwexesha, njengoko kule meko umzimba lunezinto ngokwaneleyo, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba ukuzalwa imizimba akakwazi kakuhle ukujongana kwithishyu.

Ntoni izazinzulu?

ezibangela COPD esi sifo, iindlela zonyango - konke oku sele utsale elide ingqalelo oogqirha. Ukuze ube ngokwaneleyo ukuba uphando eziphathekayo, ukuqokelelwa kwedatha kuthwalelwa phandle, apho wafunda amatyala sifo phakathi ngabahlali abahlala emaphandleni nasezidolophini. Iinkcukacha eziqokelelwe oogqirha Russian.

Sakwazi ukuqaphela ukuba xa kufikwa kwabo abahlala ezilalini, lali, kukho ikhondo kakhulu of COPD kaninzi zento yonke kwegazi ngokuhlukumeza ndoda inamandla kakhulu. Amaxesha amaninzi belali babukela endobronchitis kunye netuwa ubovu okanye inyama yome. Iingxaki kwenzeka nezinye izifo somatic.

Kuye Kucetyiswa ukuba esona sizathu - isiqinisekiso esezantsi unyango kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni. Ukongeza, kwiindawo zasemaphandleni akunakwenzeka ukwenza spirometry, apho iintshayi iinkunzi kufuneka abaminyaka yobudala eyi-40 okanye ngaphezulu.

Indlela abantu abaninzi bazi, COPD - ntoni na? na iphathwa njani? Kwenzeka ntoni kule meko? Ubukhulu becala ngenxa yokungazi, ukungabi nalwazi, ngenxa yokoyika ukufa, izigulane wadandatheka. Enye uphawu le abahlali basezidolophini, kunye nasemaphandleni. Ukudakumba kunokuba- hypoxia olongezelelweyo, echaphazela luvo yesigulana.

Phi sifo?

Uxilongo lwe COPD kunye namhlanje kunzima, kuba yaziwa ngqo, izizathu ekuphuhliseni ngezifo. Noko ke, ukuba bakwazi ukuchonga eziliqela ebangela isifo. Imiba ephambili:

• ukutshaya;
• iimeko zokusebenza ezimbi;
• kwemozulu;
• usulelo;
• elibala yomoya;
• izifo pulmonary;
• Genet.

Izizathu ngaphezulu

Uthintelo olululo COPD nangoku phantsi uphuhliso, kodwa abantu abafuna ukulondoloza impilo yabo, kufuneka bamele njani abo okanye ezinye izizathu ifuthe emzimbeni womntu, ebangela le ngezifo. Eqonda ingozi yabo ukuphelisa iingozi, ungenza ukunciphisa amathuba nokuphuhlisa sifo.

Into yokuqala ekubalulekileyo ukuzikhankanya ngokunxulumene COPD - Kakade ke, ukutshaya. Ngokulinganayo isiphumo esibi zombini iyasebenza kwisixando sokwenziwa. Ngoku Iyeza ikhuselekile ukuba kuthi ukuba ukutshaya - yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kuphuhliso ngezifo. Izifo Uxhokonxwa njengoko inicotine nomoya nezinye izithako equlathwe umsi wecuba.

Ngeendlela ezininzi, indlela ye ekuqaleni ukutshaya ezinxulumene ne xesha, nto leyo ebangela engaqhelekanga xa ukusebenza kwiimeko ezinobungozi, ngokuba apha, kananjalo, abantu siphefumle umoya ezele amasuntswana ezincinane. Xa usebenza kwiimeko ezinothuli, alkalis kunye umphunga, rhoqo ukuphefumla amasuntswana imichiza, akunakwenzeka ukugcina imiphunga esempilweni. Iinkcukacha-manani zibonisa ukuba COPD Uxilongo rhoqo wenza mgodini kunye nabantu abasebenza kunye metal: ziyeke iintokazi, nepolishi, metallurgists. Kwakhona kalula lo abatyhidi sifo kunye nabasebenzi zokusila yintlama, abasebenzi zezolimo. Zonke ezi meko zokusebenza zinxulunyaniswa ndlongondlongo uthuli factor.

Umngcipheko ezongezelelweyo ezayanyaniswa nokungabi unyango: kwezinye ezikufutshane akukho oogqirha abafanelekayo, abanye bazama ukuphepha zoviwo unyango rhoqo.

symptomatology

COPD sisifo - ntoni na? na iphathwa njani? Njengoko umrhanelwa yakhe? Le abbreviation (kwakunye nentsingiselo yalo - ezondeleyo obstructive isifo pulmonary) kwaye kule mini abantu abaninzi musa nto. Nangona kwande izifo, Aningabantu nokuba uyazi nayiphi emngciphekweni ubomi babo. Yintoni ukujonga ukuba ukrokrela isifo yemiphunga nezengekho barhanela ukuba ukuze ube COPD? Khumbula ukuba ekuqaleni kubalulwa mpawu zilandelayo:

• ukukhohlela, phlegm isifo (ngokuqhelekileyo kusasa);
• ukuphelelwa umoya, ekuqaleni zenzeka umthwalo, ekugqibeleni ehamba uxolo.

Ukuba COPD exacerbation, oko kudla isizathu sokuba - kusulelo echaphazela:

• dyspnea (ukunyuka);
• isikhohlela (kuba ubovu, uyakhululwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu).

Kunye nophuhliso sifo, ukuba obstructive isifo esinganyangekiyo pulmonary kuye kwafunyaniswa, ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Ukungaphumeleli intliziyo;
• buhlungu intliziyo;
• iminwe kunye nemilebe kuba namona oluhlaza;
• amathambo inobuhlungu;
• imisipha lokunciphisa;
• iminwe izokhula;
• izikhonkwane ukutshintsha imilo, abe khaxa.

COPD uphethwe: Isigaba

Customary yokwahlukanisa izigaba ezininzi.

Qala emoyeni - ngu zero. Lubonakala yi yemveliso isikhohlela kwindawo isixa esikhulu, umntu ekhohlela rhoqo. Lung umsebenzi ngeli nqanaba yophuhliso sifo isaqhubeka.

Inyathelo lokuqala - ixesha esi sifo, apho isigulane onesifo ekhohlela. Ukukhanya rhoqo ukuvelisa isixa esikhulu phlegm. Ekuhloleni isixokelelwano sokuphefumla akakwazi ukubona kokuphazanyiswa minor.

Ukuba une iintlobo eziphakathi malunga sifo, kuba zibandakanya Iimpawu lwezonyango (ezichazwe ngaphambili), obonakala umthambo.

Lokufunyaniswa COPD, iqonga wesithathu, ithetha ukuba ukusilela sokuphefumla uba esisongela ubomi bakho. Kule fomu kwesi sifo kukho ekuthiwa "intliziyo pulmonary". Ezaziwayo obubonakala izifo: umoya flow isithintelo ngexesha ngumphunga, dyspnea rhoqo kwaye kakubi. Kwezinye iimeko isithintelo inyumoniya, nto leyo eqhelekileyo ukuba uhlobo ezinzima kakhulu ingenzeka sifo. Kuyingozi kubomi babantu.

kulula ukubona

Enyanisweni, lokufunyaniswa COPD ibekwe ngendlela lokuqala sifo ngaphantsi kakhulu kunoko afumaneka ngokwenyani. Oku kungenxa yokuba iimpawu ayiqaqambanga. Ekuqaleni le ngezifo rhoqo ugeleza ngokufihlakeleyo. Lo mfanekiso kwezonyango kunokubonwa xa imeko inkqubela zokumodareyitha elihlabayo, yaye abantu baye kugqirha yokutyholwa phlegm kunye ekhohlela.

Kumanqanaba okuqala ezazixhaphakile iimeko ezithile apho umntu ukuba sikhohlele isixa esikhulu phlegm. Njengoko oku kwenzeka ngamaxesha athile, abantu kunqabile ukukhathazeka kwaye musa ukuya kwagqirha kwangexesha. Kugqirha eze kamva, xa inkqubela sifo kukhokelela ukukhohlela ezigulo ezondeleyo.

Le meko inzima

Ukuba isifo sele ene kwaye kuthathwe amanyathelo zonyango, akusoloko, umzekelo, unyango kazwelonke COPD lubonise iziphumo ezilungileyo. Amaxesha amaninzi ingxaki kwenzeka ngenxa zizifo.

Xa usuleleko ezongezelelweyo nokuba baphumle umntu onesifo, uphelelwa ngumphefumlo. Kukho utshintsho kubunjani-ofisi: kwi isikhohlela ubovu iba. Kukho iindlela ezimbini yokuphuhlisa esi sifo:

• inyumoniya;
• blackleg.

Kwimeko yokuqala, isikhohlela ngesi izixa ezikhulu kakhulu kwaye rhoqo bathuthunjiswe a khohlo. Kukho iimeko ezininzi kunxilwe, iityhubhu inyumoniya ukubandezeleka evela inflammations suppurative, isikhumba cyanosis kunokwenzeka. Uphazamiseko kuphuhliswa ngamandla. emphysema pulmonary olu hlobo lwesifo iphawulwa ababuthathaka.

Xa Emphysematous uhlobo dyspnea nokuphefumla ezinzileyo, oko kunzima nokuphefumla. emphysema esikhulu miphungeni. Isikhumba iba mpunga ube bomvu. Itshintsha imilo yesifuba: kufana umphanda. Ukuba isifo uhlile le ndlela, kwaye xa ukhethe i iziyobisi ezichanekileyo COPD kwizigulana kungenzeka ukuba uphile de abe neminyaka ubudala.

inkqubela izifo

Xa izigulane COPD ukuphuhlisa njengoko iingxaki ukwenzeka:

• pneumonia;
• ukusilela yokuphefumla, ngokuqhelekileyo ngohlobo yayiyazi.

Ngokuqhelekileyo waphawula:

• pneumothorax;
• Ukungaphumeleli intliziyo;
• pneumosclerosis.

Obunzima pulmonary okunokwenzeka:

• intliziyo;
• lwegazi.

Le uzinzo nokungathembani COPD

Isifo ingaba kwenye iintlobo ezimbini: oyingozi okanye izinzile. Ukuba kukho naluphi na utshintsho emzimbeni phantsi kweliso Dynamics utshintsho kumcimbi iiveki, iinyanga, engakwazi ukufumana kuphuhliso version izinzile. Ungase uphawule umfanekiso ethile lwezonyango, ukuba uhlolisisa rhoqo isigulane elingangonyaka omnye ubuncinane.

Kodwa ngexesha exacerbation nje usuku okanye iintsuku ezimbini sele ukubonisa ukonakala elibukhali. Ukuba exacerbation onjalo kwenzeka kabini ngonyaka, rhoqo okanye ngaphezulu, ukuba zithathwa ngokwezonyango ezibalulekileyo kwaye kungabangela esibhedlele nomonde. Exacerbations luchaphazela ngqo umgangatho wobomi kunye nexesha laso.

Kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo wachacha izigulane-abatshayayo owayenesifo asthma ngaphambili. Ngelo xesha linye ukuthetha "cross-somhlathi syndrome." Amalaphu ezinjalo kokuphilayo nomonde kuba nako ukuziphelisa ezifunekayo eqhelekileyo yokusebenza isixa liyancipha ioksijini kabukhali ibangela ukukwazi komzimba nezimo. Ngo-2011, olu hlobo sifo engasekho ngokusesikweni kuluhlu njengeklasi eyahlukileyo, kodwa practice, abanye oogqirha namhlanje basebenzisa le nkqubo indala.

Njengogqirha yobuchopho sifo?

Xa utyelele ugqirha isigulane kuya kufuneka bangenele uthotho izifundo ukuchonga COPD okanye ukufumana iingxaki ezibangela zempilo ezahlukeneyo. amanyathelo sokuxilonga ziquka:

• lokuhlolwa jikelele;
• spirometry;
• isampuli ngokusebenzisa bronchodilator kubandakanywa i COPD inhalation, ngaphambi nasemva koko isifundo yenziwa indlela ekhethekileyo nokuphefumla, ukugcina izikhombisi utshintsho;
• -X-reyi, ukongeza - Itomography, ukuba ityala ayicacanga (kuba kuvumela ukuqikelela ukuba utshintsho ezinkulu noshowo).

Kufuneka ezi zikhohlela eqokelelweyo kuhlahlelo ehlele. Oku kwenza kube lula ukwenza izigqibo malunga ukudumba kangakanani, yaye yintoni indalo. Xa kufikwa exacerbation of COPD, isikhohlela unako ukwenza izigqibo, oko kwavusa usulelo silwanyana kwaye antibiotics zinokusetyenziswa nxamnye naye.

Body plethysmography eyenziwa, ngexesha nesiza kuhlolwa nokuphefumla lwangaphandle. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ukhankanye isixa umthamo lung, kwakunye nenani parameters abangakwaziyo kuqikelelwa yi spirography.

Qiniseka ukuba igazi zohlalutyo lulonke. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba ukuchonga yetekisi, iiseli ezibomvu, ngasemva ezenza kwizigqibo malunga oksijini intswelo. Xa sithetha ngalo okubi, ngoko ke uhlalutyo lilonke inika ingcaciso ngenkqubo arhabaxa. Hlalutya inani leukocytes kunye ESR.

Igazi naye avavanyelwe isiqulatho igesi. Oku kubonisa kuphela xi oksijini kodwa carbon dioxide. Kuyenzeka ukuba ukuhlola ngokuchanekileyo kangangoko ukuba igazi Igcwele ioksijini eyaneleyo.

Uphando ezibaluleke iba electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, ultrasound, apho ugqirha ifumana ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nemeko yentliziyo, kwaye uyazi uxinzelelo kwi pulmonary.

Okokugqibela, kwenziwa fibrobronchoscopy. Yile uhlobo lophando, apho imeko ethile yalo imazi ibonakalisa kwi bronchi. Oogqirha usebenzisa amalungiselelo ekhethekileyo iisampulu zeethishu, ngokusivumela ukuba aphande ukwakhiwa zeselula ye isifo. Ukuba uphethwe ayicacanga, obu bugcisa neemfanelo ukulungiswa kwayo, njengoko ivumela ecaleni ezinye izifo ezineempawu ezifanayo.

Kuxhomekeka nkcukacha zeli tyala usenokumisela nondwendwelo ozikhethelayo ukuya pulmonologist ukucacisa ubume eziphilayo.

Siphatha ngaphandle amayeza

unyango COPD - inkqubo enzima efuna indlela epheleleyo. Kuqala kwinto zonke, cinga amanyathelo ezingezo-drug efunekayo sifo.

Oogqirha bathi:

• wayeka ngokupheleleyo ukutshaya;
• ukutya okunezondlo, kuquka ukutya iiproteins-rich;
• nyenyisa msebenzi, musa khulu;
• ukunciphisa ubunzima ngokomlinganiselo, ukuba kukho ubunzima engaphezulu;
• akukho a ekhawulezayo yokuhamba rhoqo;
• ukuba idade;
• imithambo practice uphefumlayo.

Kwaye ukuba iziyobisi?

Kakade ke, COPD kwakhona Asinakuyenza medical therapy. Okokuqala sinikele ingqalelo lokugonya flu kunye Pneumococcal. Kungcono ukuba ukugonyelwa ngo-Oktobha okanye phakathi kuNovemba, njengokuba ngakumbi kunciphisa ukusebenza, kwandisa amathuba kakade ukunxibelelana iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane, kwaye inaliti akuthethi ukunika impendulo omzimba.

Benza unyango, enjongo yayo engundoqo - ukwandisa iityhubhu inyumoniya kwaye uwagcine zikwimeko elungileyo. Ukuze wenze oku, ndizama amahlaba kunye nokusebenzisa amanyathelo ukunciphisa imveliso isikhohlela. Nazi luncedo amayeza zilandelayo:

• theophylline;
• beta-2 agonists;
• M-cholinolytics.

La machiza zahlulwe subgroups ezimbini:

• Ugwayimbo;
• short-sowenza.

I bronchi inkxaso yokuqala karhulumente yesiqhelo kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-24, iqela lesibini usebenza iiyure 4-6.

Elifutshane-esebenza amayeza ezifanelekileyo kwinqanaba lokuqala, kwakunye kwixesha elizayo xa kuvele imfuneko elifutshane, oko kukuthi, ngesiquphe iimpawu ekufuneka ngokungxamisekileyo ingqwalasela. Kodwa ukuba la mayeza musa ukunika iziphumo ezifanelekileyo, babhenela amayeza ixesha elide.

Kwakhona ngoyaba amachiza anti-ukudumba kuba ukunqanda emibi emthini bronchi. Kodwa ukusebenzisa kubo isindululo oogqirha nako engenakwenzeka. Kubalulekile ukuba ugqirha kweliso unyango ngamachiza.

unyango ezimandundu - hayi isizathu ngenxa yokoyika

Xa COPD amisele iihomoni glucocorticosteroid. Ngokuqhelekileyo ngohlobo inhalations. Kwaye apha ngohlobo macwecwe amachiza entle ixesha exacerbation. Iikhosi benza nje, ukuba isifo ihamba nzima, iye inkqubela seladlula sigaba. Amava abonisa ukuba izigulane ayoyika ukusebenzisa iindlela ezinjalo xa ugqirha uncoma kubo. It igcwele iinkxalabo malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Landela kukhunjulwe ukuba ngokufuthi baxabane icala hormone ethathwe ngokohlobo amacwecwe okanye inaliti. Kulo mzekelo, asinto ingaqhelekanga:

• kwamathambo;
• wegazi;
• seswekile.

Ukuba amachiza babelwa ngokohlobo inhalations kunye neziphumo zazo ziya kuba zamva ngenxa idosi esezantsi ukwimo esebenzayo emzimbeni. Le fom zisetyenziswa kwidolophu yaloomaspala kuphela, esebenza ubukhulu becala umthi inyumoniya, kwaye kuyanceda ukuba siphephe ezininzi iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Kwakhona khumbula ukuba isifo lu dityanisiwe yokukrala ezingapheliyo, nto leyo ithetha amayeza olusebenzayo ziya kuphela iikhosi kuyoluka. Ukuze ubone ukuba isiphumo ichiza esinyuliweyo, kuya kufuneka ndiyithabathe iinyanga ezintathu, uze uthelekise iziphumo.

imixube Inhalation kungabangela neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ilandelayo:

• candidiasis;
• ngelizwi elitshothozayo.

Ukuze uphephe oku, kufuneka ukususa umlomo wakho emva kuthetha ngayinye.

Yintoni enye ukunceda?

Xa COPD aza kusetyenziswa imixube antioxidant equlethe oluntsonkothileyo iivithamini A, C no E. Well nezingqinekayo arhente mucolytic kuba obhityileyo yencindi eveliswe uxakaxa kuncede khohlo kwakhe. Iluncedo therapy ioksijini, yaye inkqubela kakhulu - umoya ngumntu kwinkqubo miphungeni. Ndakuva exacerbation le sifo sidle amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, kodwa phantsi kweliso gqirha.

iinzuzo baninzi abazisa uyakhetha inhibitors of phosphodiesterase - 4. iziyobisi ngendlela ekhethekileyo kuvunyelwa ukuba bazidibanise ezinye indlela esetyenziswa ukunyanga COPD.

Ukuba isifo kubangelwa ziziphene yemfuza, ngoko wagqiba babhenele kuthomalaliso replacement. Kuba oku ukusebenzisa alpha-1-antitrypsin, apho kungenxa yokuba bekhubazekile ayivelanga umzimba ngokwaneleyo.

utyando

Kwezinye iimeko, oogqirha bacebisa ukuba kumathuba unyango ngotyando. Ngaloo ugqirha isuswe izinto emiphungeni umonakalo, yaye kwiimeko ezinzima a abohlukeneyo semiphunga.

amanyathelo othintelo

Yintoni luthintelo COPD benze? Ingaba zikhona iindlela ezisebenzayo ukuthintela esi sifo? yesilungu uthi ukuthintela isifo kunokwenzeka, kodwa oku, kufuneka uthathe unonophelo impilo yabo kwaye ndibaphathe wena ngenkathalo.

Into yokuqala ukuyeka ukutshaya, ngokunjalo malunga namathuba okufumana ukuphelisa iimeko eziyingozi.

Ukuba esi sifo elibhaqiweyo, progression yayo behlisa ngokusebenzisa amanyathelo lesibini zokuthintela. Elinemveliso kakhulu kwaphumelela:

• Ugonyo inceda ukuthintela ukuphulukana influenza, pneumococcus;
• inani rhoqo yemithi. Khumbula ukuba isifo esinganyangekiyo, ngoko kwanonyango yethutyana engazisi uncedo lokwenene;
• esweni umsebenzi ngokwasemzimbeni. Oku kunceda ukuba ukuqeqesha izihlunu isixokelelwano sokuphefumla. It is a ukuhamba kwaye ukudada, sebenzisa iindlela ukuzilolonga yokuphefumla;
• njengeeinhalers. Kufuneka ukuba babe nako ukusebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo, njengoko umsebenzi engeyiyo ekhokelela yokunqongophala iziphumo unyango enjalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ugqirha uyakwazi ukuchaza ukuba ogulayo asebenzise ngayo amayeza ukuba ngempumelelo.