Complex Memorial "Brest Fortress". Fortress Defense Museum

Brest Fortress - enye izakhiwo eziphambili. ngokuphindaphindiweyo Kuye wadlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu amadabi ezahlukeneyo. Noko ke, kuphela ngemihla kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, kwacaca intsingiselo yokwenene yokwakha kunye nokubaluleka kwayo yiSoviet Union, ngelo xesha omkhulu.

Brest Fortress: History de kwangowe-1914

Sisihlandlo sokuqala site elizayo ndawo Brest Fortress ingafumaneka kwi "I Tale of adlulileyo Years". Ngaloo mihla ibisekwe idolophu ekuthiwa ezinde amaxolo, apho ngalo lonke ixesha sisekho yayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo itshintshe igama layo kunye nomnini. Ngowe-1795 Berestye, uqambe Brest-Litovsk, eyayiyinxalenye yoBukhosi baseRashiya.

Kwaba ngoko ukuba ingcamango yakhe yokwakha uthotho iinqaba ngaphaya umda ntshona bukhosi. Inani zokuhlala, ecaleni leyo iya kwakhelwa zokuzikhusela, waya Brest-Litovsk. Ukwakhiwa inqaba yaqala ngo-1833 kwaye lathatha iminyaka elithoba. Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1842 inqaba yaqalisa ukusebenza.

Brest-Litovsk sele udumbo qhinga wokwenene linothungelwano eziveziweyo zazo zikaloliwe iindlela zorhwebo, ngenxa kule nto iye umdla ethile. Ngowe-1909 kwagqitywa kwelokuba ukomeleza yokubonisela, kwiminyaka emine kamva, umsebenzi waqalisa phezu langoku.

Brest Fortress: The First World War

complex yesikhumbuzo Namhlanje "Brest Fortress" wadlala indima enkulu kwi leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Ekuqaleni kwemfazwe nangoku ke phantsi ukwakhiwa kwi nqanaba langoku, ngoko iinjineli ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka umsebenzi wenziwe ukomeleza inqaba. Abantu balapha ukuba zinceda abakhi.

Ngo-Agasti 1915 imikhosi Russian washiya i Brest Fortress, ibali elo kothusa ihlabathi. nezikhali nayo yonke impahla ezikhoyo ziye zathathwa. Yonke ke azibanga nako ukuthatha ngaphandle, abakhi inqaba wazitshisa iibhulorho nophondo up. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva imikhosi Austrian kunye nesiJamani ahlala umzi.

Emva leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi kwi kummandla Belarus mihla ibango Poland kunye USSR. Ngowe-1919-1920 i Brest Fortress uhlala udlule isandla ngesandla, isivumelwano esatyikitywa ngowe-1921, njengoko ethe besiqhutywa umda yokugqibela ephakathi eRashiya, Poland, Ukraine Belarus.

IMfazwe Enkulu Yobuzwe

Omnye ezikhumbuzo ochaphazelekayo kuqala ngenxa yeMfazwe yeSibini yeHlabathi - i Brest Fortress. June 22, 1941, yena lagutyungelwa kuhlaselo lwemimandla bahlaseli zamaNazi. Ngexesha uhlaselo yiSoviet Union kwi inqaba kwakukho phantse 7000 abantu, phakathi kwabo kwakukho emkhosini eSoviet zamajoni.

Ngokuyalelwa Wehrmacht wangxamela ukuba bathabathe naye iiyure ezimbalwa, nangona kunjalo, emkhosini eSoviet ndazifaka kwaye wayengafuni waluthethelela ndawo iveki. Abahlaseli nokuba iiveki ezimbalwa kwafuneka ukucinezela iindima uxhathiso ebusweni abanye abalinganiswa - abavikeli Brest.

Brest Fortress, 1941 kwimbali leyo yaba kukutshintsha, ngoku ufuzisela ubuqhawe nesibindi, yaye ngoko, ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, kwaba uligwiba yethemba. AmaNazi bavele isixeko ixesha elide, etshabalalisa imibhobho yamanzi kunye nokugcinwa, unxibelelwano, kunye nabantu.

Le ubuqhawe le abavikeli

yokuhlasela zokudubula lwamaNazi umsindo, kunye abavikeli babengakwazi cohere ngexesha ukuxhathisa, kucwangciswa ezinkulu ezininzi. Brest Fortress, 1941 apho kwakukho izigqibo, ngaphandle uxhathiso ebusweni amaqela amancinane wamajoni. Ayekholelwa Charge onencula.

Leyo Brest Fortress, ukuba imihla emininzi abathetheli balo injalo ukusuka amaNazi, kwakukho eziliqela shot osemqoka engenisa ayikwazanga kudlula yonke yintlekele le meko. Ngokutsho kubahlali Brest ngaloo mihla, oko sirhelele yi ukuya ku-Agasti 1941, kodwa ekugqibeleni 6 lamawaka amajoni Soviet athathwa banjwa.

complex Memorial "Brest Fortress" ikwazile ukugcina bonke ubungqina ngelo xesha, onokuwatshintsha ukulandelela inkqubela iziganeko. Kuba ukuziphendulela emkhosini yiSoviet ngo-1121 iye yakwazi ukutshabalalisa isosha i Wehrmacht, nto leyo nama-5% ilahleko bomkhosi, leyo amaJamani ubunzima ngethuba kwiveki yokuqala zemfazwe.

ukuhlupheka Brest

Kuba lonke ixesha umsebenzi ngexesha WWII Brest Fortress baphulukana 40 lamawaka abavikeli yayo. yatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo uqoqosho esi sixeko. Heroes-abakhululi babuyela Brest kodwa ngoJulayi 1944, kunye nabaphumi-Front 1 Belorussian. Ngelishwa, abavikeli ezininzi inqaba bawa phezu edabini, kodwa inkumbulo yabo usaphila kwiintliziyo bendawo.

Emva kokugqitywa kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, le nqaba ezifuna ukulungiswa, ukulungiswa lwaqhutywa iminyaka emininzi. NgoMeyi 1965, le nqaba wafumana itayitile hero, yaye iminyaka emithandathu kamva bayibiza "Le Isakhiwo sisikhumbuzo" Brest Fortress "." Kwathi kwinani izakhiwo eziye zaqhubeka kwimemori izizukulwana ezizayo.

complex

complex Memorial "Brest Fortress" wenziwe kuMkhosi Museum, kwakunye lesikhumbuzo "Courage", zinginginya ezahlukahlukeneyo ezaqanjwa, emele iziqephu eliqela abazinikele kumzabalazo abangamatsha-abavikeli. Kwakhona kujonga necropolis, esekhona ziqulathe iintsalela zabantu 850 abo akhusela Brest Fortress.

Enye yezona ndawo ongasoze ulityalwe yesikhumbuzo - Umfanekiso "Yandinika", nto leyo engumqondiso bayahlelwa ngokubulawa kwale abavikeli banxanelwe ukuba namava ngenxa yokuba i amaJamani sinamafu ukufikelela kwi emlanjeni. NgoFebruwari 1992, oko kwavulwa kwikhampasi Museum uzuko zomkhosi bazame.

Okulandelayo kwamasiko

City apho Brest Fortress - Brest - ngokuphindaphindiweyo wabonakala iifilimu msebenzi imisebenzi uncwadi eSoviet eyayinikelwe kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Phakathi kwabo - "Ongafiyo ekampini", "Idabi eMoscow", "Mna - amajoni Russian" kunye nabanye abaninzi. Esi sakhiwo yesikhumbuzo uvulekile yonke imihla, ngaphandle ngoLwesibini, kwaye apho uqhelane nezi zenzo zonke. Ukongeza, zemidlalo namajaji ukubonisa iifilimu malunga IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic.

Brest Fortress, imbali apho Iyandonwabisa iingqondo isizukulwana banamhlanje kubonakaliswe imyuziyam, vula 9 kusasa ukuya kweeyure eziyi-18, kunye igalelo neehambo ahlawulwa, iindleko yokwamkelwa Kucetyiswa ukuba acacise kweli ziko. Le myuziyam kwakhona usebenza lo mboniso "Museum of War - Territory Noxolo", nto leyo ifumaneka kwi ngasezantsi-mpuma enqabeni yomkhosi enqaba elunge kwaye sivulelekile imihla ukususela-10 kusasa ukuya 19 pm. Kuyanconywa ukuba ucacise kwangaphambili kwinkqubo kunye nokufikelela excursions, kuba oko ungaqhagamshelana ngefowuni 375 (162) 20-00-32.