Colombia - republic okanye lobukhosi? Imozulu, ezinomtsalane, iifoto

uhlobo nguMmangaliso, kuquka kumahlathi ebalaseleyo Amazon kunye iintaba obubalaseleyo Andes kunokubonwa kule ndawo wawuthandeka intle. Nkqu ngabakhenkethi kakhulu oqondayo watyelela amazwe amaninzi ehlabathini, ichaphazela ubuhle oko akubona apha. Le ndawo - Colombia, endihleli kwintsimi i iilwandle kakhulu kwaye yonke Latin America.

Kweli nqaku siza kuphendula imibuzo malunga neli lizwe emangalisayo. Ziziphi iimpawu kwinkqubo karhulumente na? Colombia - republic okanye lobukhosi? Ziziphi iimpawu nohlobo imozulu? Siya ndithi malunga labemi kunye indawo okuyo uhlobo kwase kazwelonke kakhulu ngakumbi.

ulwazi jikelele

Colombia - eyindlela Umzantsi Melika. She - kuphela phakathi kwamazwe South American Sendizihlambile yi noLwandle lweCaribbean (eKFC i-Atlantic Ocean) kunye Pacific Ocean ogama elunxwemeni.

Government kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imigudu ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso ebanzi lwezokhenketho nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabahambi kunye abakhenkethi. Beautiful and huma zendalo ezinika republic.

Gran Colombia - ilizwe nendalo lwalo kunye imbali yenkcubeko. Yonke lembombo zonke iidolophu kwale meko na onokumxelela elidlulileyo ukwazi kunye nabemi bayo.

Colombia (Republic of): iifoto, indawo

Colombia ithatha kummandla kumntla-ntshona of South America. Ukusuka ngasempumalanga ngayo ngomda kunye namazwe afana eVenezuela neBrazil, ukuya emntla-ntshona - kunye ePanama, nasezantsi - kunye Ecuador kunye Peru. inxalenye yawo osemantla uhlanjiweyo yi noLwandle lweCaribbean, ngasentshonalanga - i-Pacific Ocean.

Le ndawo iyonke karhulumente - 1.141.748 macala onke. khilomitha, ubude komda - 6004 km. Enakho iziqithi ezininzi Colombia.

WeRiphabliki ezinjalo ezisemagqagaleni, enendawo nto leyo iintlobo-mhlaba. Inxalenye yasentshona Colombia yinkqubo Andes entabeni kwimpuma - kunye yehewu ethafeni, kunye mpuma - ehlathini. amathafa nelezihlambo ndasolula ecaleni konxweme, ngokomkhethe eyayikuyo zokhahlamba Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Ephakeme kunazo apha Colon Cristobal (ephakame 5775 meters).

Great River Amazon zinabela emzantsi-mpuma yinxalenye yommandla Colombian, kunye p. Orinoco aqukuqela ukuya ngasempuma.

labantu

Colombia - Republic, inkoliso yabantu ubomi kwiindawo weentaba osentshona welo lizwe. Kunye nabantu ngokubanzi ngcu ezivaliweyo kude ngokwaneleyo wesikolo bebekwe ngokwahlukeneyo omnye komnye iintlambo komlambo. Abemi iyonke yelizwe - abantu abangaphezulu kwama-46 ezigidi. Okwesithathu yabantu - abahlala kwimimandla yasemaphandleni, yaye inxalenye yesithandathu yabantu Colombian ohlala kwisixeko ikomkhulu eli lizwe - Santa Fe de Bogota.

Xa ikomkhulu imizi emikhulu Colombia Cali, Medellin kunye Barranquilla. Iyonke e Columbia likhaya nama-75% yabantu karhulumente iyonke.

Ngokwemiqathango zesakhiwo lobuhlanga, malunga nowama-58% - metises, omhlophe (European) 20%, mulatto - malunga ne-14%, 4% - Negros no-3% ne-1%, ngokulandelelana, kunye namaNdiya Sambo. 90% of Colombia kunqulo lwabo - zamaKatolika, 5% -hristiane.

capital

Ikomkhulu Colombia - Bogota. Kulo mzi kukho bebonke abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-11. BaseSpeyin waliseka phezu yendawo AmaNdiya encinane inqaba ngo-1538.

Ulwimi olusemthethweni, inkolo

Ulwimi olusemthethweni iSpanish kweli lizwe. Ukongeza, e Colombia wahlala iilwimi 75 Indiya, kodwa inani labo lehla ngonyaka ngamnye.

polity

Ukuzimela evela amazwe Spanish, Colombia ifumene ngoJulayi 1810, yaye igama layo ngoku (Republic of Colombia) oko abazifumene ngo-1886.

NgokoMgaqo-siseko (1991), Colombia i republic okhokelwa umongameli, kunyulwa qho kwiminyaka 4 nevoti jikelele ethandwayo. Ngelo xesha linye urhulumente okhokelwa yi enhlokweni onyulwe weRiphabliki.

Gran Colombia yipalamente bicameral, ebizwa i-National Congress, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, ibandakanya House of Representatives (kwamalungu 166) neNdlu Yeengwevu (apho 102 eNdlu yeeNgwevu).

Amaqela eziphambili kwezopolitiko ikwazizinto ezi zilandelayo: ". Utshintsho olukhulu" Social Party of National Unity, silinene, elondoloza, Party of Ukuhlanganisa yeSizwe,

Ene yahlulwe kumasebe (bona - koomasipala) kunye Capital District of Colombia.

sezulu Columbia

Nangona Columbia and sime phantse kwi-ikhweyitha, ngenxa umahluko kokuwa ngayo nemozulu ezine (ubukhulu becala subequatorial kunye mvula). Kulo uninzi (83%) ngabona ngaphantsi kwe 1000 m ukusuka kwinqanaba elwandle. ELwandle. Kwezi ndawo kunomyinge lobushushu + 24C. Intsalela (9%) sibekwe nomphakamo 1000-2000 yeemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, apho komndilili weqondo lobushushu umoya omalunga + 18C. Kukho kunye neemitha ukuya ku-3000 amaqondo obushushu avareji apho kukuthi + 12C ukuphakama,.

Kunxweme Caribbean lonyaka elomileyo - ukususela kuDisemba ukuya kuMatshi, kwaye eliseleyo kuloo nyaka - ngexesha lemvula. Neze lonyaka elomileyo kolu nxweme Pacific.

Biota

A iintlobo ngeentlobo enezityalo nezilwanyana yi Colombia. Republic, apho wePasifiki nezihlambo, uye amahlathi emvula evergreen, yaye uphi na kunxweme zeCaribbean, yade mangroves. Savannah ngabona, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, kumntla-mpuma nasempuma. Andes amele ihlathi elikhulu kunye amatyholo.

Kwaye ihlabathi izilwanyana zahlukahlukene: iintlobo ezininzi izinambuzane, neentaka, ezincancisayo kunye nentlanzi.

Iintlobo ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga izilwanyana, ingakumbi umdla kubakhenkethi: jaguar, amabhabhathane, iingcungcu, kunye piranhas.

Oceans, iilwandle, kunye Columbia River

Inxalenye esemntla eli lizwe, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, uhlanjiweyo yi kuLwandle zeCaribbean ngasentshonalanga - i-Pacific Ocean. Oceanside linobude iyonke - 3208 km. iqondo lobushushu lamanzi avareji elunxwemeni - + 26C.

imilambo emithathu ayahamba kummandla Colombia: ezantsi-mpuma - Amazon, entshonalanga - umlambo Magdalena, empuma - i Orinoco. Magdalena - nokutsala inkulu zendalo ka ngayo (1600 km), nto leyo eye weRiphabliki Colombia.

imizi Historical, nabo ncomo

Esi sixeko sikhulu ka Colombia - Bogota, Cali, Medellin, Cucuta, Barranquilla, Cartagena, Bucaramanga.

Izimvo uhambo kweli lizwe emangalisayo, kulo mzi lembali, kakhulu ezintle. Ezithandwa kakhulu ezityeleleyo umzi, alondoloza sesakhiwo yamaxesha lwamathanga.

Apha ungabona isixeko esihle kunye iicawa ezininzi abalondolozwa kwisithuba - Popayan. Abakhenkethi usithande izakhiwo omangalisayo yoonongendi kunye neemyuziyam (ngenkulungwane ye-16).

Iziseko zokwakha emangalisayo efanayo kunokubonwa kwisixeko Cali. Enye ezinika eziphambili kulo mzi yaziwa abaninzi Faralones de Kanaberaleho (National Park), apho Ukulwa yenziwa rhoqo.

Leticia ukwakweli elunxwemeni lomlambo omkhulu Amazon (kufutshane nomda Peru-Brazil). Yamdumisa ekuthiwa Isiqithi of the impondo, apho ezi zilwanyana kuhlala kwisixa malunga 1,000.

Perfect lokuhamba zokuzonwabisa Republic of Colombia.

izinto

E Colombia, uyakwazi ukubona ezikhumbuzo ngembali impucuko enamandla yaye kungakholeleki kwamaNdiya sehlathi igcinwe. Kukho parks umdla yakudala Tierradentro kunye San Agustin. Bafumana i necropolis yamandulo.

Abakhenkethi mabavule ubone idolophu endala Spanish ne kakuhle alondolozwe ukuya kwiintsuku mihla zesikhumbuzo zobungangamela zakhiwo aphakathi (Spanish). Kuba imizi ezifana Tunja (abamisela ukuba ngo-1539 Spanish), Villa de Leyva (isiseko - 1572) kunye Santa Cruz de Mompoks (iziseko ngo 1540.).

The Republic of Colombia unesethi zolondolozo kazwelonke kunye neepaki apho ungabona iintaka zezulu ezingaqhelekanga ezintle kunye nezilwanyana: i iipaki zesizwe Sierra Macarena, Tyrone, Farallones de Cali National Natural Park, Chiribikete, Ensenada de Morning, Paramilo National Park kwisiqithi Gorgon.

Bakhenkethi e abakhenkethi Colombia thembisa ukhenketho umdla, apho unokufunda okungakumbi ngobomi kwamaNdiya zasekuhlaleni. Apha ungenza kwakhona ukutyelela indawo awazalelwa kuyo wababhali - Colombian Gabriel Garcia Marquez.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iintlobo zeentaka ezingaphezu kwama-1,700 ngo Colombia.

isiko

Colombia - republic kunye nenkcubeko Ibunjwe kwizithethe zamandulo nezithethe amaNdiya abahlala eAfrika naseYurophu (Spanish). Kubonakala ukuba - kwilizwe elinamasiko apho yonke imimandla iimpawu zabo ezizodwa.

Inkcubeko yabantu sehlathi inefuthe elinamandla yaseYurophu. Kwaye labemi zeCaribbean - umxube Afrika namaNdiya. Pacific Coast izithethe kufutshane Afrika. Isiseko inkcubeko Amazon ke amasiko Indiya.

Ngaphezu koko, indawo nganye ngeeholide yayo Colombian.

Holidays

Abantu Colombian babekuthanda kakhulu ema. I inkulu kubo ngoJanuwari (in Pasto) kunye February (Carnival of Barranquilla).

Of ngeendibano, imibhiyozo kunye nemiboniso kufuneka uqaphele oku kulandelayo:

• Cali Fair.

• Flower Show e Medellin.

• International Umculo Festival Caribbean.

• Theatre Festival (Latin American).

• Festival kwisixeko Cartagena.

Colombia - Republic othanda abantu yaye uyazi ukuba indlela ozihlaziya ngayo. Nokuzilolonga kubo, kakhulu, azikho indawo esekugqibeleni udanile. Nyaka ngamnye kukho ngeebhayisikile "Tour of Columbia" (Matshi ukuya ku April). Amaninzi apha ukhuphiswano e intenetya, ekhatywayo kunye neminye imidlalo. Kwaye yabantu abalwa yinxalenye ebalulekileyo inkcubeko yalo hlanga.

Inkoliso misitho zonqulo yendalo, umzekelo, i-ingcamango, umthendeleko Ngcwele Intliziyo uYesu, St. Day. UYosefu.

Cuisine kazwelonke Colombian

Xa ezingundoqo zalo, cuisine kazwelonke kweli lizwe - amasiko yasekwa apha phambi kokuvulwa Columbus wayo. Kwakungathi zombini mpembelelo yaseYurophu Asia.

Isiseko phantse zonke izitya zabo ezenza iimbotyi, imifuno, irayisi kunye iintlobo ngeentlobo ubulawu.

Cuisine Colombian yi zahlukahlukene kakhulu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ezingaqhelekanga. Konke kuxhomekeke mmandla. Abanye babo bade badle iimbovane du, nto leyo eya ezingabambi kwezinye iindawo.

ugxininiso olukhulu jikelele kweli lizwe ukuze wenze izitya inyama. Kwiindawo ezingaselunxwemeni, nangona kunjalo, esilawulwa izitya ukusuka lobster, intlanzi kunye nentlanzi, adla kakhulu kulungiselelwe sauce nobisi lwawo.

The Republic of Colombia na ukutya yesizwe abayinqobo kuye, engaqhelekanga kubakhenkethi abaninzi. Ngoko ke, njengokuba umthetho, kwacelwa ukuba abakhenkethi ukuzama kuphela ezinye izitya. Ezi zezi: chicken isuphu iitapile, capers, avocado, ingqolowa kunye cream ezimuncu; iikeyiki Corn ezifana enekuku; irayisi ngobisi lwawo; lesuphu bukhrim itswele eliluhlaza kunye amaqanda; iyabiliswa kwaselwandle; yehagu kunye neembotyi ebomvu; inyama yemvu eyojiweyo kunye iitapile kunye Iplantain eqhotsiweyo lanyuka; irayisi-yekhokhonathi pudding kunye nezinye izitya yenkukhu, inyama yenkomo, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno.

Le iziselo yemveli kabanzi kunazo abizwe ikofu, itshokolethi eshushu, ummoba ngamanzi kunye juice lime, incindi iziqhamo, obunxilisayo kunye - yotywala, rum (ngengcongolo yevodka).

iziselo ezinxilisayo: utywala Aguardiente (ezenziwe ummoba kunye anise ngamandla-29%), Chicha (kweziselo olufakiweyo lwabiliswa zerayisi, iswekile kunye nobisi), Canelazo (incindi yeziqhamo kunye nesinamon).

zokulala

Colombia - Republic ukuba kunxweme zeCaribbean ezinye iiholide ethandekayo enkulu - Barranquilla, Cartagena, Santa Marta. Hayi kude elunxwemeni na iziqithi, indawo ekulungeleyo kubakhenkethi: Providencia, Santa Catalina kunye San Andres. iilwandle labo elihle isanti emhlophe kunye nezixhobo fabulously entle awayifumana abakhenkethi ezininzi.

Zonke ezi iiholide elunxwemeni zinika iinkonzo ngeenkonzo abakhenkethi: ezihotele, kwiiklabhu, iivenkile zokutyela. I ihlala kuphela abakhenkethi ngokwaneleyo Pacific kunxweme kwintshona kweli lizwe, nangona kukho kwakhona esimhlophe ezintle, kwakunye kunxweme zeCaribbean. On ezi unxweme kunye Amachweba ezintle iziqithi. Le ezimbi kuphela - idla isina.

Elokuphetha - malunga nendlela ukuya ku Colombia

iiholide ezimibala kwaye enomtsalane Colombia (Republic of). Indlela ukuba kuye, ukuze ubone ezi iindawo buvele ukuchitha iiholide?

E Colombia evela Russia moya ngqo apho. Ukuze ufumane kwi-moya elifikeleleka kuphela kwiindlela sendleleni ngeentlawulo ukuba moya eMelika okanye eYurophu.

Ukusuka France kukho moya rhoqo ngqo Bogota, kwakunye Amsterdam kunye Madrid.

Abaninzi North American (Washington, Atlanta, Houston, kunye nabanye.) Kwaye uMzantsi American izixeko (Caracas, Buenos Aires, eQuito, kunye nabanye.) Ngaba inxulumene ngqo Bogota.

Colombian El Dorado Airport km-15 ukusuka kumbindi Bogota.

Ukuze babone ubuhle obumangalisayo ngemvelo zobungangamela Colombia, kuyimfuneko ukudlulisela moya entle elide.