Bundestag - yintoni na le nto?

Bundestag - a ipalamente Federal Republic of Germany (Deutscher Bundestag), iqumrhu likarhulumente enetsheyimba enye emele iimfuno lonke abantu German. It wadalwa ozothatha i Reichstag phantsi komthetho we-1949, yaye ukususela ngo-1999 ibekwe eBerlin. Okwangoku ipalamente waseJamani yonganyelwe Christian Democrat Norbert Lammert, lowo uqeshwe ukususela ngo-Oktobha 18, 2005. It Bundestag yonyula i-Federal Chancellor, ngubani na kwintloko yorhulumente waseJamani.

imisebenzi

Xa isakhiwo wayo wezopolitiko eJamani a republic yepalamente apho Bundestag - yeyona igunya ibalulekileyo:

• Esebenzisana kunye Bundesrat, yena inxaxheba kwimisebenzi zomthetho, ukuphuhlisa kunye nokuthatha kwinqanaba federal, imithetho ezahlukeneyo kunye nezilungiso-siseko. Kwakhona yavumelana nokuvunywa izivumelwano kunye nokwamkela mali federal.
• Bundestag lisebenza legitimizing namanye amagunya, kuquka ivoti zomviwa ngenxa isithuba Federal Chancellor, kwaye ibandakanyeka unyulo Federal nguMongameli kunye neejaji.
• Kwalathiswa umsebenzi imisebenzi karhulumente, leyo unyanzelekile ukuba ingxelo kuye, kwaye ulawula intshukumo semkhosini lizwe.

indawo dislocation

Emva begazi yeJamani, i Bundestag bafudukela kwisakhiwo Reichstag, eyakhiwa ngenkulungwane XIX ezifike salungiswa yi womzobi Norman Foster. Ukususela ngowe-1949 ukuya 1999, iintlanganiso zaye zabanjwa kwi Bundeskhauze (Bonn).

Izakhiwo izinze ofisi akwi kwiPalamente, eyakhelwe enye ecaleni kwenye kumacala omabini esibi lomlambo kunye German ebizwa ngokuba nguPawulos-nomhlehlo-Haus kunye Marie-Elizabeth-Lüders-Haus imbeko epalamente ezimbini avelele Democrats.

ukhetho

Unyulo ukuba ipalamente German zidla olwalubakho rhoqo emva kweminyaka emine, ngaphandle kwezi meko yokuchitheka yokuqala.

Bundestag - a epalamente, unyulo apho yenziwa kwinkqubo hybrid, oko kukuthi, neerhuluneli akhethwe kusenziwa ngokwemilinganiselo olulinganayo izintlu zamaqela kunye single-igunya abangabavoti majoritarian kwi ngeenxa enye. I Bundestag ubunjwe namasekela 598, apho 299 abakhethwa ukungavoti kule amaziko. Amagunya afunyenwe ngabaviwa ngamaqela ngenxa wonyulo ngqo (by izithili sisininzi), ziphelela kwi uluhlu lwe zamasekela leliqela, ibalwe phantsi umlinganiselo inkqubo yonyulo.

Xa ukhetho kwi element epalamente uninzi German ayikho inxaxheba kulwabiwo izihlalo phakathi kwamaqela, ngaphandle kokuba omnye amaqela kwisistim uninominal ifumana ePalamente ngaphezu kwakuya efunyenweyo kwinkqubo uluhlu lweqela elinye kuphela. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, iqela ukuze bafumane isixa esithile nezigunyaziso ezongezelelweyo (Überhangmandate). Umzekelo, i-Bundestag-17, lowo waqala umsebenzi-Oktobha 28, 2009, inamalungu 622, 24 kubo abanini nezigunyaziso ezongezelelweyo.

sokuchitha ephalamende

Federal nguMongameli (Bundespräsident) unelungelo sokuwuchitha Bundestag kwiimeko ezimbini:

1. Ukuba ngoko nangoko emva kokuba intlanganiso, yaye kwimeko ukufa okanye yokurhoxa, i-Chancellor we-Federal Republic of Germany, i Bundestag akakwazi onyule yingqonyela elitsha uninzi olungagungqiyo iivoti (kwiSiqendu 63, umhlathi 4, woMthetho esiSiseko Germany).
2. Ngokutsho Chancellor zesindululo, ukuba Bundestag lamkele isigqibo elibi umba trust, wayibeka yona ivoti Chancellor (kwiSiqendu 68, umhlathi 1). Isimo esinjalo kuye kwavela ngowe-1972, xa Chancellor Willy Brandt kunye noMongameli Gustav Heinemann, yaye ngowe-1982, xa Chancellor uHelmut kohl, yaye uMongameli uKarl Carstens. Kuzo zombini ezi meko, ngesiphumo kuvotwe yaba Chancellor wala ukuthembela, emva koko kufuneka ukhetho ezintsha. February 16, 1983, iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko ndiyibhukuqe isigqibo ukwala tshemba.

Yokurhoxa Gerhard Schröder

May 22, 2005, emva kokuba ngokoyiswa iqela lakhe kunyulo zemimandla North iRhine-Westphalia, Chancellor Gerhard Schröder wabhengeza injongo yakhe ukuba uvotele umba ngokunyanisa, ukuba babele ngumongameli "onke amandla eziyimfuneko ukoyisa imeko yangoku ntlekele."

Njengoko kwakulindelekile, i-German Bundestag, Gerhard Schröder wala ukuthembela (ngo 151 iivoti nxamnye 296 iivoti Bazila 148 iivoti). Kulandela oku Chancellor bafaka isicelo ngokusesikweni kokupheliswa Bundestag kwi-Federal uMongameli uHorst Kohler igama. July 21, 2005, umongameli wakhupha umthetho ukunyibilika epalamente ubize umhla wonyulo September 18, ngeCawa lokuqala emva kweeholide zesikolo kunye kwiCawe ephelileyo ngaphandle lemka lo myinge osekwe ixesha siseko leentsuku 60. 23 no-25 Agasti, iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko bazitshitshisela isibheno sifakwe yi amaqela amathathu amancinci, kwakunye neerhuluneli evela SPD uHelen Hoffman kunye Werner Schulz ukusuka 'Green "iqela.

Ubume Bundestag German

Bundestag - kuba umzimba, eyona ibaluleke ngakumbi kuzo iiyunithi noshowo ezi amabutho, ezo zibizwa ngokuba angquzulanayo. Amaqela zePalamente amalungiselelo umsebenzi yowiso-mthetho. Umzekelo, belungiselela umsebenzi iikhomishini, kusungulwe amatyala, izilungiso, njl

eliphikisayo nganye iqulathe usihlalo (Fraktionsvorsitzender), eziliqela vice-abongameli Elawulayo, elidibana ngeveki. Ngexesha lengxoxo, kwaye ke ngokwesiqhelo zithathwa ukuba bagcine uqeqesho engqongqo iqela e ngokuvotela (Fraktionsdiziplin). Ipalamente German iyothusa into ivoti kuwo idla ngokwenziwa kwi umqondiso usihlalo eliphikisayo yasepalamente.

Ukwakhiwa Bundestag ikwaquka Council of Abadala (Ältestenrat) kunye Bureau. IBhunga ibandakanya kaMongameli kunye namadoda amakhulu 23 (iinkokheli zamaqela epalamente). Oku kusetyenziswa ikakhulu ngenxa thethwano phakathi kwamaqela, ngokukodwa nguSihlalo iikomiti zepalamente kunye ajenda. Ngokubhekisele-ofisi kaMongameli, liquka ubuncinane sihlalo kunye nosekela-sihlalo of eliphikisayo nganye.

Ngamnye ekwafanekisa le Ministry of Committee (okwangoku ukuba inani 21). ulwalathiso jikelele inika usihlalo Bundestag, ngoku yenza le post, Norbert Lammert.