URhwaphilizo: indlela yokubala kunye index data

Ingxaki urhwaphilizo karhulumente kunye nezakhiwo ezifanele kumazwe amaninzi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, bakhula iindlela eziliqela olusebenzayo yolawulo kunye kuliwe kakubi ofisi ukuze afumane inzuzo, uzithenga amagosa kunye nezinye iintshukumo ezichasene nomthetho kunye nokuziphatha, kodwa ukusetyenziswa iindlela yomzabalazo wokulwa norhwaphilizo , xa kusenziwa, ayisoloko wazise isiphumo efanelekileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho amazwe amaninzi kunye amazinga aphantsi kakhulu urhwaphilizo. Ithi kakhulu lonakele kwaye kumazwe apho urhwaphilizo kwicandelo likarhulumente okunene zimelwe kwi ukalisho kwisalathisi ukonakala ziqhele. Uvavanyo izinga lorhwaphilizo kumazwe, ukulungiswa kunye kokupapashwa izinto ezifanelekileyo kuye kwaba Umbutho engekho phantsi kukarhulumente Transparency International. Oku kusekelwe eBerlin.

Njani ubukho index uRhwaphilizo

Izalathisi apho rating luqokelelane amazwe ngokubhekiselele kwimbono urhwaphilizo, ngokusekelwe kwinani iisaveyi ezizimeleyo. Imbono uRhwaphilizo Index (CPI - kuba elifutshane) isekelwe izimvo kwiingcali ezivunyiweyo entsimini yezezimali kunye nomthetho. Rankings abanalo inxaxheba kwi-Bank yeHlabathi, i-Afrika kunye Asian Development Banks, i-American NGO Freedom House, nto leyo inxaxheba kuphando inkululeko yoluntu kunye nezopolitiko yaye iliso utshintsho lolawulo lwentando ehlabathini.

Le uRhwaphilizo luhlobo isikali "Ukunyaniseka ngabasemagunyeni." Wonke State leyo inxaxheba kuphononongo, amanqaku kumanqaku zero nekhulu apho zero nani kuthetha ukuba inqanaba ubuninzi urhwaphilizo, kwaye iingongoma ezilikhulu amazwe okungenani eyonakeleyo. Ngaphambili, i Iimbono Urhwaphilizo Index of Transparency International ezibalelwa kuluhlu ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwishumi.

In open-source-ngqo ezi zinto, oluvavanya ithi na ashicilelwe, ngoko ke zinokufundwa kuphela kunye rating yokugqibela. Ukongeza, indlela jikelele yokubala isalathisi hayi, kuba uvavanyo lokugqibela, ngokutsho kwintlangano TI kaThixo, sithabathela ingqalelo izinto awohluke zesizwe kwimo ethile.

Formation of simo amazwe ukuya uRhwaphilizo

Rating kwizibonakalisi ezifana kwisalathiso kwimbono yorhwaphilizo 2016 kwakukho ikhulu elinamanci asixhenxe anesithandathu States. data ashicilelwe, zeeteksi kurhulumente kusetyenziswa ukuvavanya inqanaba inkqubela kumlo wokulwa norhwaphilizo, kunye nesikhundla kumazwe athile ngokunxulumene namazwe angabamelwane, amaqabane ezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho kunye okhuphisana.

Amazwe okungenani owonakaliswayo TI

URhwaphilizo omkhulu (alithoba lamanqaku) kumazwe Scandanavia, New Zealand, Switzerland. Denmark ubekwa kwindawo yokuqala, elandelwa New Zealand ngumhla wesithathu - Finland, zaza zahlala eSweden, eSwitzerland, Norway, Singapore, le Netherlands. ishumi top UK iphetha uvavanyo lokugqibela asibhozo-nye amanqaku.

-Yokuqala amabini isalathiso urhwaphilizo Umbono kupapashwa ekupheleni kukaJanuwari 2017, ezahlukeneyo kancinane ukusuka kwiminyaka edlulileyo kwi States, yomxhaso isikhundla phambili. Ngokubanzi, simi ngelithini malunga simo kunqabile ingatshintsha ngokugqibeleleyo.

Urhwaphilizo eRashiya Kuqikelelwa ukuba Transparency International

Kuba Russia, ekonakaleni isalathiso imbono ibalwa ukususela ngo-1996, xa rating yayiyilwe kumazwe angamashumi amane anesine. Ke Russian waba emashumi mane anesithandathu - wamashumi amane indawo abanamanqaku zezahlulo ezibini zesishumi se-ingongoma amanqaku amathandathu. Dynamics yeenguqu kwi umlinganiselo kwazo kubekho ukunyuka meteoric, okanye uwe. Ingaba ukuba utsibe phezu emideni 2000 no-2001, xa umzobo wonke amabini omnye amanqaku seshumi lenyuka laya kutsho kangangoko ezibini izahlulo zibe sixhenxe.

Ubuncinane ukonakala index okuqonda (ngokwe rating ukuya ku-2014), isibini nesahlulo seshumi omnye abe amanqaku, sabhalwa ngo-2000, ngowe-2008, unyaka ka-2010. Elona xabiso liphezulu (point amabini anesibhozo) inani ngo-2004, 2012 no-2013 ngokulandelelanayo. Intsingiselo efanayo kwiminyaka ezahlukene India, Honduras, Ecuador, Mozambique, Georgia, eGambia, Nepal, Albania, Nigeria kunye nabanye.

Xa ukukhululwa cofa TI kuqatshelwe ukuba urhwaphilizo eRashiya ifikelele enkulu okungaka ochaphazela izixhobo kuphela kurhulumente, kodwa impilo, imfundo, ukunyanzeliswa komthetho, uqoqosho kunye kanye sokumiswa of Russia.

I-2017 uRhwaphilizo (Russia ayitshintshanga indawo yayo) ibalwa kumazwe anekhulu elinamanci asixhenxe anesithandathu. I-Russian Federation libekwe ku ikhulu elinamanci mathathu kwindawo yokuqala abanamanqaku ezingamashumi amabini anethoba ngaphandle kunokwenzeka ikhulu.

Kwisalathiso ulawulo lomthetho ngokutsho Project Justice World

Ngokutsho ukufunda ulawulo lomthetho, apho Project Justice World, eRashiya ubekwe kwindawo alithoba yesibini-out of alithoba anesixhenxe ithi. Le meko imbi kunye ngokhuseleko kunye nokusebenza ukuthotyelwa komthetho kunye nokusebenza umda amagunya karhulumente. Hayi imibala engcono imeko imiba efana:

• ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo oluntu (indawo asibhozo-yesithathu);
• kwecala (amashumi asixhenxe-yesibhozo);
• oxoxayo Government (semedsyat kwindawo yesine);
• inqanaba urhwaphilizo (ndawo asixhenxe ananye);
• Ukunyanzeliswa (ezingamashumi amathandathu anesibhozo);
• kwiinkqubo zenkundla yoluntu (indawo yesihlanu-ezingamashumi amathandathu).

Beka ithi post-yiSoviet kwi simo urhwaphilizo

URhwaphilizo kwakhona kubalwa kuba kumazwe post-eSoviet. Ngenxa yoko, Ukraine ifumene amanqaku ezimashumi mabini anesithoba, wathabatha amakhulu mathathu ananye enokwenzeka ikhulu elinamanci asixhenxe anesithandathu, Belarus --asixhenxe lesithoba indawo (amanqaku amane), Kazakhstan - ikhulu elinamanci-yokuqala amathathu (amanqaku amabini anesithoba), Moldova - elinamanci amabini anesithathu (amanqaku amathathu ), Uzbekistan - ikhulu elinamanci mahlanu-yesithandathu (amanqaku ezingamashumi amabini ananye), Turkmenistan - elinamanci-yesine amahlanu (amanqaku amabini anesibini), Tajikistan - ikhulu elinamanci mahlanu-zokuqala ezingamashumi amabini anesihlanu (amanqaku).

Ithi abonakele

Rating TI kwezikhundla njengoko amazwe abonakele kakhulu Somalia, South Sudan, North Korea, eSiriya, Yemen, Sudan, Libya kunye Afghanistan. Ngokubanzi, zixeliweyo aba kwimida Africa and Asia. Phakathi kwamazwe aseYurophu kwindawo liphantsi yi Bosnia and Herzegovina (asibhozo-sesithathu kunye namanqaku amathathu anesithoba), Albania (indawo asibhozo-wesithathu, nayo amanqaku amathathu anesithoba), Bulgaria (-sesihlanu asixhenxe amanqaku amane ananye).

Kumazwe kunye namaqondo aphezulu orhwaphilizo, ukusetyenziswa segunya, gwenxa amandla ukunyoba zezona norm kuphela kuzo zonke izakhiwo ngamandla, kodwa nakwezinye iinkalo kwamalungelo oluntu basoloko phula, kwaye kwimveliso yasekhaya per capita iphantsi kakhulu.