Biome - yintoni na le nto?

Bathi eziphila emhlabeni, izazinzulu baye bazama ixesha elide. Kodwa ngenxa yenani elikhulu labantu bezrangovsti kunye eziphila zendalo lokuhlela zonke eludakeni nesanti iindunduma kunye eziphila yayo, oko akwenzeki. Kwezenkolo, kwagqitywa ekubeni Cazulula indibanisela eziphila multiple - iibhayom.

Biome - yintoni na le nto?

Siva kakhulu malunga kwiibhayom ezahlukeneyo, kodwa bambalwa kuthi kukuba luphawulwa ngayo ngokuchanekileyo ngelizwi. Okuqhelekileyo, wemveli - inkqubo enkulu zebhayoloji isimo sayo. Le nkqubo luphawulwa iintlobo zezityalo lubalaseleyo kuyo, okanye landscape. Kukho inkcazelo njengoko terrariums iibhayom. Oku kuthetha nayiphi izimbiwa, amaplanga, izilwanyana ziveliswa intsimi yalo. Umzekelo, lo mmandla wemveli kwamahlathi avuthulukayo - kugcwele imithi avuthulukayo. Okanye mushroom kwabahlali abazizityalo - ummandla kunye nemozulu elifumileyo elifanelekileyo ubomi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo nomngundo eziyingozi zabo. Xa sisiya ukusuka emantla-ikhweyitha, uyakwazi ukubona zonke ngeebhayom ezinkulu.

kwabahlali abazizityalo Zingaphi enkulu?

Yintoni esilawulwa iibhayom yaye yintoni na inani labo? Zemvelo ziye zachongwa iibhayom ezisithoba enkulu elizweni. kwabahlali abazizityalo lokuqala - i Tundra, le yesibini - le hlathi. kwabahlali abazizityalo Okulandelayo yamahlathi avuthulukayo kwindawo kwimozulu epholileyo, wemveli emathafeni chaparol (flora lweMeditera), intlango, yetropika ethafeni, anameva amahlathi (ashinyeneyo), kunye yalo mmandla wemveli yesithoba - ehlathini lemvula. Ngamnye iyodwa sezulu, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Ezahlukeneyo, umhlathi yeshumi uyakwazi ukwahlula le ice ongunaphakade - kwabahlali abazizityalo ebusika.

Tundra kunye hlathi

Emathafeni - ibhayo kunye Perennials. Singene kakhulu kumantla Eurasia nakuMntla Melika. Ifunyanwa phakathi emahlathini kumazantsi kunye Imikhenkce ekumiselwe kuyo incam ezibandayo. I kude ice kumathafa, indawo ukubonakalsa iba ebanzi. Iimeko ubomi kwi kumathafa ngqwabalala, kodwa nangona oku, kukho ubomi enkulu iintlobo zezilwanyana nezityalo. Emathafeni intle ingakumbi kwixesha ehlotyeni. Kubhaliwe legqunyiwe ngomaleko omkhulu womhlaba ze eluhlaza, oko kube nzima ngakumbi iintaka ezifudukayo kunye nezilwanyana. Isiseko yehlabathi sisityalo - ulele, moss. Rare baphazanyiswa zizityalo yokutheza okukhulu. Eyona mmi kumathafa - adle. Abaninzi iimpungutye, imivundla kunye voles. Omnye umhlali - a lemming. Esi silwanyana iye yabangela umonakalo omkhulu ukuya kumathafa. Ezi izilwanyana ezitya isixa esikhulu akumenzi zizityebi utyani kumathafa, nto leyo nako ukuzifumana ngokukhawuleza. Ngenxa yokungabikho ukutya abachaphazelekayo lonke izilwanyana kwabahlali abazizityalo.

Hlathi - coniferous kwabahlali abazizityalo (emantla) amahlathi. Ifunyanwa kumntla ikhweyitha, kuthatha malunga elinanye ekhulwini yelizwe iyonke. Phantse isiqingatha yommandla kuhlala larch, eminye imithi - kuba pine, nespruce, fir. Kukho ezimbalwa kunye hardwood - ezinde alder. The main izilwanyana - elk kunye amaxhama (ukusuka ezitya utyani), amarhamncwa ezinkulu: iingcuka, ingqawa, marten, ngoboya, Sable kunye wolverine. Inani elikhulu kunye ezahlukeneyo kweempuku - ukusuka voles ukuba nolovane. Izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini bahlala apha viviparous, oku kubangelwa elifutshane ehlotyeni, apho akukho kungenzeka ukuba shushu iklatshi. Ngokufanayo main abahlali hlathi ubalisa nesakhwatsha.

amahlathi ezinamagqabi avuthulukayo emathafeni

amahlathi wofika ibekwe kwindawo ekhululekile kunye nemozulu epholileyo. Oku ikakhulu ngasempuma USA, Central Europe kunye inxalenye Asia. Apha, kukho imali eyaneleyo ukufuma, ebusika ngqwabalala obubandayo nehlobo elide ezishushu. Eyona engundoqo imithi yalo mmandla wemveli - ezivuthulukayo: uthuthu, um-oki, beech, Linden kunye maple. Ukuhlangabezana kunye Conifers - nespruce, pine kunye redwood. Kukho izityalo kunye nezilwanyana eziphuhliswe kakuhle. Iintlobo ezidla iikati zasendle, iingcuka, iimpungutye. A esihlala amabhere kunye amaxhama, iimbila, iimpuku kunye neentaka.

Emathafeni. Isiseko lo mmandla wemveli kukho amathafa anengca nakuMntla Melika kunye emathafeni Asia. Akukho mali efunekayo ye kwezulu, nto leyo iya kuba yanele okokuba ukukhula imithi, kodwa luya kuba lukwanele ungavumeli ifomu entlango. Kumathafa North America, kukho iindidi ngeendidi zezityalo herbaceous kunye zengca. Kukho ephantsi-ukukhula (ingxenye), ugalelwe leengcambu (ukuya kwiimitha ezintandathu), abade (isityalo ufikelela umphakamo eziimitha ezintathu). ZeAltai Mountains Asia emaqeleni yohlulwe empuma nasentshona. La mazwe esisityebi wamatye lihlwayelwa khona ngokusisigxina ukutya okuziinkozo, kunye nesithuba eliphezulu aguqulelwe emadlelweni ingca. Zonke izilwanyana ezanyisayo uphuphu-ayabulala ziye kudala zizilwanyana zasekhaya. Ke abemi zasendle emaqeleni - coyotes, oodyakalashe ezihlasela bebeziqhelanisa ukuhlala ngoxolo elumelwaneni nabantu.

Chaparol nenkqantosi

izityalo Mediterranean ahlala nakummandla ongqonge uLwandle lweMeditera. Kushushu kakhulu, ehlotyeni ezomileyo kunye ntolovelo epholileyo nokufuma eliphezulu. apha isityalo eziphambili - ukuba kwamatyholo kunye enameva, livumba osisityebi ingca, izityalo kunye namagqabi zamafu ecwebezelayo. Imithi azikwazi ukukhula ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa iimeko zemozulu. Chaporol idume inani iinyoka namacilikishe ezifumaneka apha. Kukho iingcuka, amaxhama, bobcats, cougars, imivundla kunye, Kakade ke, kangaroos (ngaphakathi Australia). imililo rhoqo ukuthintela ukuhlaselwa kwentlango, nemiphumo emihle emhlabeni (ukubuyela kwilizwe kwezondlo), okulungileyo ekukhuleni zengca kunye kwetyholo.

I intlango Wasolula impahla yabo ukuya kwenye kwisithathu ndawo komhlaba iyonke. Singene amazwe ngokoma emhlabeni, apho imvula yonyaka iwela milimitha ngaphantsi kwe amabini, anamanci mahlanu. Naluphi na entlango eshushu (Sahara Atacama Asuan et al.), Kwaye kukho esentlango apho ebusika ubushushu umoya kusithwa Degrees mabini. Eli Gobi entlango. Okufana nentlabathi entlango, amatye ezingenanto, namatye. Lemvelo ezabanjwa, ngamaxesha athile, uninzi Cacti kunye spurge. Izilwanyana iquka zizidalwa ezincinane ukuba azisithelisiwe phantsi kwamatye ukusuka elangeni. Zohlobo enkulu benkamela uhlala apha kuphela.

kwiibhayom emvula

Savannah - le yindawo enkulu kunye ingca ubukhulu kunye nemithi kunqabile kuphela. Umhlaba apha kakhulu ezabanjwa, kugquba ingca ende kunye milkweed kunye nemithi - Baobab kunye yomnga. Xa amathafa umiwe imihlambi enkulu izilwanyana uphuphu-ayabulala: neqwarha, zilibangise namabhadi. Loo inani herbivorous ayifumaneki kwenye indawo. Yobuninzi izilwanyana ezitya izityalo kwaye ke ngobuninzi ezidla. Ulikhaya leengwenkala, iingonyama, leengcuka, nehlosi.

nakumahlathi anameva ebekwe kwi-South and South-West Afrika. Kukho imithi ezivuthulukayo ezinqabileyo, amatyholo engaqhelekanga anameva.

Amahlathi emvula afumaneka eMzantsi Merika, West Africa, eMadagascar. ukufuma eliphezulu Constant kukhuthaza ukukhula kwezityalo zamafu elikhulu. Ezi amahlathi zifike iinyawo asixhenxe anantlanu ubude. Kukho iyakhula Rafflesia Arnoldi - ke intyantyambo inkulu ehlabathini. Umhlaba ngowona uphantsi ekweleenjiko, izondlo ezinkulu bebekelwa kwizityalo sele ikhona. An ukugawula yonyaka inani elikhulu kwezi ndawo emva kweminyaka engamashumi amahlanu ukuze bandiqumbise le ntlekele zibalaseleyo eziphilayo.