Usapho Lamiaceae: inkcazelo emfutshane

Abameli usapho elikhulu Lamiaceae, Labiatae kunye ekuqaleni, zikuyo yonke ehlabathini - kwi ezinezinga ziingcathu of Europe, kweli lizwekazi Asia, nemimandla emvula sabutropikhi kuMbindi naseMzantsi Merika. A iintlobo othile iintsapho zezityalo baziwa ngokuba kumazwe iMeditera, iintaba namathafa kwilizwekazi American naseAsiya, kodwa Umbala Arctic ukuhlangabezana isityalo ukusuka Labiatae - impumelelo ezinqabileyo. Siza kufunda banzi ngeempawu abameli kule ntsapho emangalisayo.

Eyona ziqhelekileyo kunye neentlobo izicelo zabo

usapho Lamiaceae, lunikwa ingqalelo ubukumkani olunolwazi yezityalo, simanyene uhlobo 221 kunye neentlobo ezingaphezu kwama-6000 kwezityalo. Inkoliso yabo asendle, kodwa ke abameli kwisizukulwana 65 zisetyenziswa horticulture zokuhomba, yaye imveliso mveliso. Uninzi izityalo entsapho yasnotkovyh - izityalo amafutha, baye nokwafumanekayo ukusetyenziswa ekuphekeni, amayeza, ukutya kunye noshishino aqholiweyo. It utyala ezifana lemon namafutha, zetyeleba lavender, oregano, nebheyizile, ekudleni kunye nezinye izityalo ezininzi. Ezinye abameli Labiatae ziqulathe colorants.

imithombo eyahlukeneyo ukwazisa umfundi malunga nenani ezahlukeneyo kweentlobo entsapho. Khankanya inani thina asazi, siphawula kuphela ukuba iintlobo zezi zityalo ngokwenene kakhulu kunene. Ke bonke zizakubalulwa amandla emangalisayo kunye nokukwazi enkulu ukuqhelana ecetywayo, iimeko ezivame ukuba zimbi kakhulu. Kungenxa yoko le nto zisasazwe kwisibanzi epholileyo yaye yimvula, t. E. Kwiindawo polar kunye neemeko ezahlukeneyo zemozulu.

usapho Lamiaceae: iimpawu ngokubanzi

Uninzi amalungu entsapho - omnye enengca, ababini, okanye ingaphelelwayo, kunqabile amatyholo kunye sub-kwetyholo. imilo efanayo Treelike (imithi okanye izidiliya) zinqabile kakhulu, bambalwa kakhulu.

Family yasnotkovyh eyenza ibangelwa ifomu - eveza tetrahedral. facets Good eziphathekayo kwezinye iintlobo - elirhangqiweyo kancinane, khaxa, okanye ngolunye uhlobo, phakathi. Ezahlukeneyo iindidi Iziqu zahluke: nkqo ngobuso, kodwa ke sikwazi ngokuphelele emila kwindawo ezalathelwe uphuhliso.

Ingcambu ephambili isoloko kulwa inkcubeko ubomi ofayo, ukuba kufakwe amagatya. Abanye abameli yasnotkovyh ifomu rhizomes, ngoxa abanye - lana.

Kushiya yonke okanye dissected, kwezinye iintlobo - ophawulekayo pubescent. Stipules bengekho. Bona elise amahlumelo ngezibini, malungana omnye komnye, isibini ngasinye ngamagqabi akhiwe crosswise mayela ngababini yangaphambili ezilandelayo. Lamiaceae emzalwaneni eziBekekileyo kunye nenyaniso yokuba uninzi abameli balo amagqabi ziqulathe amafutha abalulekile. Kungenxa yoko le nto amagqabi Labiatae babe incasa eliqaqambileyo.

iintyatyambo

igama ekwakuphila Labiatae ifunyenwe ngenxa zifana womqala intyantyambo-uvula, imilebe yabakho ezimbini - phezulu nasezantsi. Kwezinye iintlobo, ukuba yahlulwe isithinzi eziliqela. Iintyatyambo mancinane,-membered ezintlanu, ulala namadoda, kunqabile kunye iintyatyambo ulala ifumaneka abafazi kuphela kwaye ezinqabe kakhulu - nye abantu. umbala wabo kwatshintsha: pink, neengubo ezimfusa, Lilac, mthubi, abamhlophe okanye pestrookrashennye. Bona eqalisiweyo axils amagqabi, eqhelekileyo okanye ephezulu, silungiswe okanye uhlobo bracts ezifunyenwe. Baya kuza enye, kabini okanye sasihlanganisene inflorescences inqabe kwi ngeendiza elifutshane. isibini ngasinye nabo yokudubula iintyatyambo kunye elandelayo kutsalela abayinqobo ring intyatyambo lobuxoki. Xa ezinjalo amakhonkco kufutshane xa inxalenye apical ye ihlumelo wambumba ezintle zibubuxoki spike, ibrashi okanye phehla. Amagqabi Upper ukubaleka kancane kancane ngobukhulu athathe ngohlobo bracts. spikes lobuxoki gumbini ibonakala umba, zetyeleba catnip, namafutha aqholiweyo, njl ..

Ubume wentyatyambo

uluthi ngokuqhelekileyo pyatizubaya, intsimbi-emile, gamophyllous eseleyo, zivuthiwe iziqhamo. Ngesiqhamo elide ukuvuthwa iqina kunye amazinyo aso. Maxa wambi, ngokuxhomekeka iintlobo, a bilabiate ikomityi. Corolla - ityhubhu ophela kwiiyantlukwano ezahlukeneyo. Ngobuninzi kweentlobo bangela ukuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo Corolla. Umzekelo:

• Nge lomzimba bilabiate. I eliphezulu lip lakhiwa ngokusebenzisa 2 tho iintyatyambo, umzantsi - nge-3. Inxalenye phakathi umlebe olusezantsi rhoqo dvunadrezana. Ezo bangabacimi ukusuka umba, lobulumko, galeopsis.

• Odnoguby nepolnoguby okanye, umzekelo, ngo Dubnica.

• ukusikwa (in zetyeleba).

Avareji yenani stamens - 4, ukuba ziqhotyoshelwe ityhubhu Corolla, 2 kubo, ngokuqhelekileyo ixesha elide kunabanye ezimbini. Baya ungalahleka phantsi iindevu, okanye phakathi ngaphandle baboniswa xa wagawulwa okanye Corolla nepolnoguby. Kwezinye iintlobo, stamens-2 kuphela. Ezinye iintlobo kwisingqusho-ifakwe elifutshane asakhasayo phakathi isithinzi 4- okanye maqanda-lobed 5. Kuba usapho uvuvuzelo Lamiaceae usebenzisa kumhlathi emele ukwahlulwa Senga ezimbini. Itsala izinambuzane, kodwa kuthintela self-uvuvuzelo. Ndilithethile umnini kwisixhobo eso kwesilumko. Zivuthiwe iziqhamo ngokukhululeka yeyela 4-yodaka nut.

Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba Lamiaceae kunye kongqameko ongaphuhliswanga kunye stamens abadumileyo athunyelwa ubukhulu becala empumalanga of Europe, e-Asia, kumantla Afrika naseMelika. Mhlawumbi, oku ukusasazwa efanayo izinambuzane ukuhlakanipha. Olu luphawu jikelele lentsapho Lamiaceae, ihlala yodwa ukufumana iimpawu lokusekwa iziqhamo ezi zityalo.

isithelo

Iziqhamo, ekuthiwa cenobia uxakeke indebe, iqhezu, kusoloko nesamagumbi ezine, izahlulo kunye imbewu ephuhliswe ngokufanayo oreshkoobraznymi. Xa kunokwenzeka maldevelopment inani amagumbi kunokuba ngaphantsi kwe - 1 okanye 3. Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa boqobo iqhezu yasnotkovyh iziqhamo, ukuba awukwazi definition kuba iziqhamo-iibhokisi okanye amaqunube.

Lamiaceae Family: Abameli

Nangenxa yokunyanisa ngemvelo, yayiqinisekisa ukwahluka kwisizukulwana neentlobo, simanyene kule ntsapho iyamangalisa. Ukuze naye ke kufanele into yokuba ezi zityalo baziwa ehlabathini lonke. Nalu uluhlu kwenxenye kwisizukulwana ezakha intsapho Lamiaceae:

• agastash (nehisope Mexican);

• zmeegolovnika;

• galeopsis;

• kwabafileyo-umba;

• lavender;

• motherwort;

• Melissa;

• eminti;

• basil;

• oregano;

• ookunyelisa.

Ekuphetheni

Zonke ke ezi zinto, kwaye kananjalo engakhankanywanga kule ncwadi ka abameli kwisizukulwana ezahlukeneyo yentsapho - izityalo langa ukuthi ukukhonza uluntu kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi. Kodwa khumbula ukuba abanye babo kwakudala yasekhaya kwaye kuzisa iingenelo ezininzi, enika i-oyile enqabileyo ezibalulekileyo kunye nedayi, ngoxa abanye zifumaneka kuphela endle, ubuciko nemiqolomba yayo understated ubuhle hlathi namathambeka weentaba.