Belarus Cities: iindawo ezinika umdla Orchies

Abanye abakhenkethi ukuba batyelele iziza zembali ukuhamba imigama ngokudlul, nangona kumhlaba ekhaya, kukho ezikhumbuzo ezizodwa ukuze akhangele elidlulileyo elikude, ukuyiphatha imbali yabantu bakhe. Ezi izinto umdla liyi phantse kuzo zonke izixeko Belarus. Phakathi kwazo yenye kuthiwa Orsha, utyelelo leyo iya kubashiya eninzi yokuvela inxaxheba ngolangazelelo olukhulu.

A amagama ambalwa ngembali

Ukusuka kudaladala, i umlando Belarus. Orsha, ibekwe inxalenye yayo elisempuma, ke obu elifanayo Minsk. Ixesha lokuqala oko okhankanywe odumileyo "Tale of adlulileyo Years". Sithetha malunga nonyaka 1067, xa sithemba Vseslav Polotsk kwi isikhephe sawela umfula Orsha ukuhlangabezana izikhulu Yaroslaviches. Abo ndwendwe wabanjwa wamfaka entolongweni. Kuphela ke mzi kodwa kwilali, musa ukubiza Orsha kunye Rsha (Rust). "O" kongezwa kamva. Ukususela ngoko, uninzi okulungileyo nokubi silibonile ilizwe. Baba yinxalenye ye seLizwe Polotsk, e Lithuania, kwi-Russian, kude kube semva kokuba revolution Oktobha akazange abe yinxalenye Belarusian Soviet Republic. Inguqu ukusuka kumnini enye ukuya kwenye njalo luhambisana ngokulwa kakhulu. ubungqina Imbali malunga kubulawa wegazi, ebizwa ngokuba "Idabi Orsha", Russia, Lithuania zenzeka ngexesha lemfazwe (1514). UNapoleon, kakhulu, esaphula watshisa Orsha. Hi ndlela leyi,-ngqwayi ke kwakukho Marie-Anri Beyl, eqhelekileyo ngakumbi kuthi njengoko Stendhal omkhulu. Iliza lokugqibela intshabalalo kukududuzela salalisa phezu isixeko ngexesha Second World War. nokubindeka bazisa amaNazi, kodwa kwakhona Orsha evukile uthuthu, kwaye ngoku wamkela ngokufudumeleyo zonke iindwendwe zayo.

uqhagamshelo Indawo ne umendo

Kukho zokuhlala eziliqela kunye negama Orsha. Ngokomzekelo, eRashiya kukho iilali ezintathu kwimimandla Pskov kunye yaseTver enegama elifanayo, kwidolophu Orsha (Belarus) imi malunga ne-200 km ukusuka Minsk empumalanga, kwaye ama-80 km ukusuka Vitebsk kwicala lasemzantsi. Esi sixeko naa Orshitsa emlonyeni, ngasechwebeni komlambo kunye Dnieper. Isixeko usoloko walala phezu iindlela zorhwebo ebalulekileyo ukusuka eRashiya ePoland kunye Ukraine. Ngoku ibizwa ngokuba "Isango Mpuma" of Belarus. Orsha idlule koohola ezimbini ngamazwe (M1 kunye M8). M1, edume ngokuba Olimpiki, ihlawulwa. Ukongeza, ngenxa Orsha hamba indlela Krichev Belarus, Mogilev, Vitebsk, Lepel, Dubrovno kunye Shklov.

izithuthi Rail

Ukuqhubela ukuba kunokwenzeka Orsha kwaye ngololiwe. Emva ngo-1871 baza baqalisa ukubeka yokuqala w isebe / e elidityaniswe ESmolensk kunye Brest. Lo mcimbi yaba kukutshintsha kwimbali mzi. Nangona Orsha ebesoloko lithathe indawo indawo ebaluleke kakhulu nanjengoko urhwebo esazisa, "iqhekeza yentsimbi" Ngaloo ndlela wenza njengoko into leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ukukhula fantastically ngokukhawuleza kunye nophuhliso umzi. Kungenxa yoko le nto Orsha ezinika ziquka uluhlu endala kaloliwe umphunga emi phezu kwendawo imbeko kwiSikhululo Central. Kwaye isakhiwo ngokwayo, eyakhiwa ngo-1912, yinto lesikhumbuzo bokwakha. Phambi kwakhe, kwakukho omnye, kwisikhululo sikaloliwe ngomthi, kodwa yena akazange sisinde kule mihla. Orsha yeyona inkulu w / njengentsika apho oololiwe ngamazwe bayeka ukuza evela eMoscow, eSt Petersburg, Vilnius, eLvov, Kiev, Chisinau. Kukho kwakhona umkhweli, Orsha nokuxhuma izixeko ezininzi kunye needolophu Belarus.

Kakhulu lesikhumbuzo yamandulo

Ukuhamba kwizitalato Orsha, iindwendwe ngobuninzi ukumangaliswa izakhiwo ngemiqondiso "ixabiso ezeMbali kunye nenkcubeko." Kubonakala apho phantse yonke indlu elilwela. Noko ke, kukho enye indawo iziqu kakhulu, nto leyo ibonisa phantse yonke kwimephu zabakhenkethi yesixeko Orsha. Le yendawo inqaba yamandulo (okanye iSiganga). eminyaka Apha emininzi eyadlulayo wema Orsha Castle, ngayo waza waqalisa ubomi bakhe kweso sixeko. amahlanu eminyaka eyadlulayo, wayengumntu ukuloyisa ebukekayo ezinde ezintlanu, saba phezu iingalo umpu, arquebuses, gakovnitsy. Ngelishwa, ngokushiya kuphela bomfanekiso iimephu endala yes asayine ngesango eliphezulu. Kodwa le indawo engcwele ngenxa baloo dolophu. Bathi ukuba kukho nkqu litye ekhethekileyo inokunyanga nasiphi sifo. Bathi ukuba kusekho phantsi yokutshixa kunye yesitshixo zicatshulwa ngasese, uqhebeke kwi "White Kovel" - omnye inqaba ezidilikileyo kwidolophana ekufutshane ye Smolyan.

nezigodlo

Godlo, ukusebenza okanye hayi, kusoloko kutsala ingqalelo. Sinako bathi amahlandinyuka kakhulu ka Orsha. Emizini yabo eziliqela. Kucein eyindoda Holy Epiphany, wakha phezu komlambo Kuteinke ngo-1620, iye yaba zebhola kunye zisabonakala ngokupheleleyo. Xa ke indlu yokushicilela lavulwa apha yaye yakhupha wokuqala Belarusian "primer". Ngoku woonongendi kunye ibandla Emnye oyiNgcwele kunye naye kwakhona. Isinde Basilian eMonastri, ukusuka apho kukho mnye kuphela izindlu esihle. Ukusuka Monastery of Emnye ukugcina kancinane, kodwa ngoku kweendonga zayo-ofisi yobhaliso umzi, wazila ngomfanekiso emangalisayo, kangangokuba uya kuma ixesha elide. Kodwa Ingqikelelo Monastery, wasinda ekuchithweni, kunye elangatyeni, yakhiwe kwaye isebenza kwakhona. Dominican isigodlo kunye ebuyiselweyo lalungiswa. Namhlanje ke iCawa St. Iosifa Obruchnika.

Le Collegium odumileyo

Ukuthetha malunga ezinomtsalane Orsha, akunakwenzeka ukuba ngoyaba College wamaJesuit. Yasekwa ngonyaka ka-1612, oko utyando de-1820. isakhiwo Collegium nto intle kakhulu. Kuba nje kuphela wambuyisela ngokupheleleyo, kodwa oku kongezwe ikloko inqaba ezimibalabala. Ngoku apha igalari, kwithala leencwadi ukuze abantwana yeKomiti eLawulayo. In XVII-XVIII kwiinkulungwane isikolo abantwana elite ezidolophini, Orsha theatre, wasebenza iCawa walungiswa. Woonongendi khona Bursa, ithala leencwadi elungileyo, isikolo ngendawo yokuhlala kubafundi abasuka kwiilali ezikude. Namhlanje, kufutshane Collegium zifanelekile, zonke iziganeko umzi, iminyhadala, umculo kunye nokuzonwabisa ibonisa.

iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo mihla

Nezikhumbuzo kunye ezikhumbuzo azinikele kumzabalazo yobuqhawe zabemi kunye amaNazi, nayo kwenza Orsha ezinika. Belarus ukubambelela engcwele kwisikhumbuzo abavikeli zabo abakhululi, kuba sohlala kweli lizwe amaNazi wabatshabalalisa kwiikota ezintathu yabemi. Of umdla ingakumbi abantu abaselula kunye nabakhenkethi na kwisakhiwo enkumbulo "Kuba kwizwekazi looMawokhulu bethu eSoviet" (wesibini igama "Katyusha"). Kuye yavavanywa Orsha sisixhobo eyabangela amaJamani okukhulu. Ngowe-1941, xa oonokrwece ngandlel zovavanyo kudubula ngexesha imizuzwana 8 kuyitshabalalisa oololiwe kunye nobugcisa waseJamani. Kungenxa e Orsha, ukuba babeke iintyatyambo iSiganga sokungafi, apho kukho ukuzalisa umhlaba Brest inqaba.

Yaye abantwana ngokungathandabuzekiyo uya kunandipha uhambo epakini emangalisayo "weDreamland", apho ubona Gulliver, Crocodile Gena, zicula yokuzalwa ikhodiyani, genie kunye nezinye abalinganiswa sentsomi oyithandayo. Xa park kukho nkqu kaloliwe encinane, uloliwe uqengqa kids okuchwayitha, ngokuthi kurhaxwa iintyatyambo sitsib uhlaza.

olondolozo lwembali

Ibali malunga izinto Orsha abuyonto ngaphandle wakukhankanya neemyuziyam ibekwe isixeko mmandla.

Soloko ethandwa kakhulu ngabakhenkethi ezizwe Museum "Mlýn", ibekwe nesakhiwo lokuguba endala. Isebenza ukususela ngoLwesibini ukuya ngeCawe, ukususela 10 kusasa ukuya 6 pm.

kutshanje wavula kwaoko waba imyuziyam oluthandayo eqingqiweyo ngamaplanga. Yonke imiboniso yayo umkroli onesiphiwo Semenom Shavrovym. Le imifanekiso khangela ukuze liqiniseke ukuba zibonakala uyaphila. Ngelo museum kukho yocweyo apho abalandeli iinkosi abanetalente wafundisa ubugcisa nangokukrola zonke ukubenza.

Hayi kude umzi, kwidolophana Lev, complex aphilileyo kulondolozwe Yanka Kupala. Nabani na uvumelekile iindwendwe yonke imihla ngaphandle ngoMvulo.

Kwaye indawo nye kufuneka utyelele - Museum of ngokunomkhethe Zaslonova, intloko owayesakuba umkhosi yabanqolobi kwisithili Orsha.