Association of kwamashishini. Unxulumano kunye nemibutho. Iindidi lwendibaniso zoshishino

Kwimeko Business, lithathwa ngabaninzi intelligence mihla - kodwa indlela jikelele. Kukholelwa ukuba kumashumi eminyaka ezayo, iinkampani ezininzi ehlabathini (leyo zizonke ziya kunika malunga 70-75% ye-GDP of the planet) iyashwankathelwe kwisithuba iifama nje ezilikhulu ambalwa bezizwe ngezizwe. ishishini Russian oku, ngokutsho abezoqoqosho, nalo ochaphazelekayo.

Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili ngalo apho kudityaniswe ishishini zingenzeka. Kulo wokuqala singathetha utshintsho ngokomthetho nkampani ukuba kwenzeka ngenxa yokudityaniswa okanye esinazo. Ukulawula emthini, okanye ezikhoyo nesabelo capital nesabelo kweli ityala ethunyelwa kwelinye iqela labantu ukuya kwesinye, kwakhona ukutshintsha igama lophawu (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha isebe) apho eqinile isebenza. Eyona eziqhelekileyo imibutho iintlobo namhlanje lwamashishini kolu didi - iinkxalabo, nemfuyo. Phakathi endala, kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu kwimbali iRashiya - kwiitrasti, zorhwebo kunye wabazingeli.

Enye indlela abakwasilungele ingqikelelo "indibanisela ishishini", nayo, sinxulumana utshintsho ubume zabo zomthetho. Oku kubandakanya ukuhlanganiswa uhlobo associative - ukwabelana abanini okanye oomanejala karhulumente (kwimeko iinkampani zikarhulumente-) amava, nesisombululo kunye ngxaki ezingxamisekileyo yophuhliso ngamathuba ezintsha ngokuhlanganisa ulwazi kunye nezixhobo. Iindidi eziphambili iimanyano zamashishini yolu hlobo namhlanje - ukuba unxulumano kunye nemibutho.

Ngaphambi kokuba sihlolisise iimpawu ngamnye iinkampani ukudibanisa iindlela bafunda imiba, ebonisa ukwenzeka ngqo intsingiselo centripetal ekuthethwa.

Kutheni hlanganisa ishishini?

Phakathi ngezoqoqosho Kukholelwa ukuba amashishini amancinci ngandlel 'ukwandisa ubukho bayo emarikeni. Ngaxa lithile, inkampani ifikelela kwelona yophuhliso, xa ukwandiswa ishishini okanye mhlawumbi ngenxa kuphela ukufunxeka kwezinye amashishini (rhoqo okhuphisana), okanye ngokuhlanganisa kubo uhlobo olunye okanye kwelinye. Kakade ke, akukho ndlela kunokwenzeka yaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba baya wendele, nayo, ishishini ngokwayo.

Kwi-avareji, inkampani liqesha malunga 3-5 iminyaka ngaphambi kokuba kukho umbuzo malunga neenkqubo yombutho. Imfuneko zokubethelela kusenokuba kwakhona ngenxa yeemeko emarikeni. Njengomgaqo, kwimeko enjalo ekuso ukuba kwixesha lentlekele (zombini uhlobo loqoqosho nepolitiki).

benefits association

Kwimeko Business - yinkqubo kwiimeko ezininzi kuluncedo nganye abadlali inxaxheba kuyo. Izinto eziluncedo eziphambili yokudityaniswa Ishishini kwenzeka ngolu hlobo.

Okokuqala, inkampani, kunye, njengoko umthetho, ibe uhlobo zolwazi zoluntu: nabathengi, abathengisi kunye namaqabane. It phantse lonke ukunyusa ingeniso ye nganye kwiinkampani ezenza umbutho.

Okwesibini, iinkampani iyalungiswa ngokubanzi ukonga iindleko kwiindawo ezininzi - umzekelo, kubudlelwane kunye nabathengisi efanayo. Kudla ukuba inkampani efunyenwe nokuchithwa zamaqela ezintsha izivumelwano, ufumanisa ukuba iimpahla okanye iinkonzo ezinikwe ngabo ngaphantsi kwe nezifumaneka kwi namaqabane zangaphambili. Kwakhona uqobo kunciphisa iindleko ezinxulumene wesijikelezi brand, izibhengezo.

Okwesithathu, isabelo ulwazi kuphela yenkampani, kodwa izibonelelo zemali. Oku kukuvumela, ingakumbi, thembela ukubandakanyeka abasebenzi abaqeqeshwe ngakumbi. Footage - icandelo ibalulekileyo impumelelo yalo naliphi na ishishini. Ngokufanayo, amathuba zemali - izixhobo ezingcono. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi xa kukho ezitshatileyo izityalo zoshishino - eziphambili zazo inzuzo yokhuphiswano lilele iteknoloji isetyenziswa kukhupho kweemveliso.

Sifunde malunga nokuba kutheni amashishini kufuneka kuhlanganiswe. Ngoku makhe siqwalasele ngokweenkcukacha ekwimo indibanisela ushishino, nto leyo esele siyichongile njengoko ixhaphakileyo eRashiya.

iinkxalabo

Masiqalise kunye neenkxalabo. Olu hlobo yokudityaniswa ishishini ithetha ukuzimela enkulu kangangoko-nxaxheba. Ngokubanzi indlela kuphela ngokutshintshiselana iinkampani zobugcisa (amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza, iilayisenisi), kwezinye iimeko, enobunye amalungiselelo-mali yolawulo.

Inkxalabo inokuba indibaniselwano ishishini njengoko lishishini olunye, kunye nokudityaniswa ngaphakathi iinkampani elisebenza iinxalenye kakhulu ayaba. Kodwa umthetho, amalungu ayo yonke ngandlel zihlobene. Umzekelo, kwi-sikhokelo iinkampani qela zinokudityaniswa kwikhonkco enye Imveliso - abanikezeli zempahla ekrwada, ukubhaliselwa elutyalweni lwawo, kunye mveliso ukuvelisa imveliso yokugqibela.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, iinkampani eyenza iqela (imizekelo yoshishino Russian ubukhulu becala kuqinisekiswa) ukuzimela ngokusemthethweni. Ukulawula kota ku nganye, okanye iindlela ezikhoyo nesabelo elikomkhulu ogunyazisiweyo abadli ngamalungu isakhiwo umzali. Nguwo ke lo inkxalabo umahluko eziphambili iifama (iimpawu zabo siza kujonga kamva). Noko ke, njengoko sesitshilo ngasentla, ulawulo lokungena nokuphuma kwezimali, kwakunye izigqibo ngobuchule indawo yolawulo ziyasetyenziswa kwinqanaba lobunkokheli union eziphezulu. Kule nkalo, i-ukuzimela yomthetho iinkampani, njengoko iingcali abaninzi bakholelwa, akakwazi ukudlala indima ebalulekileyo ngokwemiqathango mveliso zophuhliso njengeeyunithi zomcimbi ozimeleyo.

Imibutho ngoweqela enye, ukuze zibandakanywe kwezi ntlobo lwendibaniso zoshishino njengoko imibutho okanye nemibutho. Oku kuchaphazela ubume kunye nolawulo lomthetho iindlela zabo. Kodwa awanalo ilungelo lokuba abe yinxalenye zezinye izinto ezixhalabisayo. Kungenjalo kusenokubakho ukungavisisani kunye nesakhiwo qhinga ephambili zoshishino ezidityanisiweyo.

Ukukhathazeka e Russia

njani Russia isebenza olu hlobo yonxulumano njengeqela? Imizekelo amashishini, ukuhlanganisa ngaphakathi kule fomu, Kakade ke, kwenzeka eRashiya kukuninzi kakhulu.

Kukho, ingakumbi, iinkampani kwicandelo likarhulumente. Kwabo iingcali ingqalelo enye iinkampani Russian sikhulu-waziwa kakuhle kakhulu ehlabathini - "Gazprom". Kudla ngokuthi iqela - kunxulumano kumashishini aphantsi kolawulo lukarhulumente-boshishino wokhuselo lo.

Igama elithi "iqela" eRashiya ehlabathini

Kuvele umbuzo wokuba ingaba ixabiso efanayo, igama elithi "iqela" kweli lizwe lethu nakwamanye amazwe. Konke kuxhomekeke kwimeko ethile. Nantsi imizekelo embalwa. Ngokukodwa, inkxalabo eRashiya wabiza iinkampani ezifana Volkswagen, Siemens, Allianz. Ngenxa yoko, ilizwe imvelaphi - Germany - le mibutho ekuthethwa ngendlela efanayo, Konzern. Ukuba, ke, sithetha iinkampani ezifana Motors Jikelele, kunye iBoeing, kunye nobhaliso US, eRashiya, ukuba iyakujongwa kwakhona ukuba iinkxalabo. Kodwa eUnited States - akukho. Apho kuthiwa "inkampani yoluntu".

Kwezinye iimeko, ezi nkampani inkulu US eRashiya phakathi eendaba Russian okanye uncwadi ezizodwa ujonge ukuba iinkampani kuphela ukwenzela ukuthintela ukuba elahlekisayo. Isibakala sokuba abaninzi iinkampani yaseMelika, umzekelo, isigebenga izithuthi Chrysler - nto nje "profile" (in IsiNgesi - Limited yeTyala Corporation). ummi Russian Bendingekholwa ukuba i "inkampani" uyakwazi ukukhula isikali onjalo: kwindlela esiliqonda ngayo kwinkampani avareji kakhulu. Kulula ndaqonda ukuba shishino - ukukhathazeka.

ebambe

Njengokuba besesitshilo ngasentla, aziwayo kakhulu ngendlela Russian yomthonyama ethi idibanise yeshishini zithiwe thaca njengalowo neenkampani. Olu hlobo yokudityaniswa yeshishini, ngokutsho kwiingcali, kuba izinto ezifanayo kakhulu (enyanisweni, ezinye zoqoqosho kunye neminye imiqathango bachazwa). Ziintoni iimpawu ezikhethekileyo zorhwebo? Kwaye ukuba, ke, ngazo phakathi kwabo kunye iinkxalabo?

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo holidnga - ukuba kunxulumano imibutho kunye namashishini kwi imeko ngokungqongqo: ukufumaneka kwi ilifa ngesakhiwo umzali esibondeni elawulayo kuzo zonke iinkampani. Ngelixa iinkxalabo kuvunyelwa (nangona akusoloko kunjalo) ukuba isabelo nakolu weshishini ephethwe yi wabaseki inkampani okanye abaninizabelo zomntu wesithathu.

Kuba iimpawu ezininzi (ithagethi indalo, uhlobo ulawulo, njalo-njalo. D.) Ukubamba ngokubanzi efana kakhulu iinkxalabo. Kwakhona imibutho emasebeni enye okanye ngaphezulu ukuba kudityaniswe isikhokelo kumashishini ngokwemigaqo nokucwangciswa chain kwimveliso. Kanye njengokuba kwimeko iinkampani, amashishini benkampani ebambe, njengoko umthetho, abe, ngaba umsebenzi elizimeleyo ngokubanzi kwezoqoqosho ezizimeleyo ngokusemthethweni.

Kodwa isitshixo izigqibo zolawulo ukuthatha zonke isakhiwo intloko efanayo. ubuchule yalo engundoqo yile ilandelayo.

Okokuqala, oko liphuhlisa iziseko ingqiqo yombutho yonke. Ucinga qhinga ukutsala kunye nokusasazwa utyalo kunye inzuzo. ulawulo lwezemali, ngokutsho iingcali ezininzi - icandelo engundoqo intloko umsebenzi ubume elinemali. Iimali zisasazwe kuquka iimali zangaphakathi.

Okwesibini, intloko isakhiwo ebamb, njengoko umthetho, uxanduva ngezigqibo zolawulo ezingundoqo kwinqanaba lolawulo inkampani, amalungu oMbutho.

Okwesithathu, umbutho umzali Limele iimfuno bonke iifem zakhe podochetnyh kwisithuba cross-kwamacandelo kunye nasezimarikeni amazwe.

Xa iifama ezininzi, ngasendleleni, kukho izithintelo ubunini Izabelo lwesakhiwo nomzali iinkampani-nxaxheba yombutho (kwakunye nabaphathi kunye nabanini yezabelo).

Ngoku makhe siqwalasele iintlobo yembali yonxulumano imibutho ukuba badlale indima ebonakalayo kuqoqosho Tsarist Russia kunye eSoviet Union.

zorhwebo

Phantsi imboni kakuhle isakhiwo, ukuhlanganisa i amashishini eyodwa shishino. Injongo kweendlela lombutho - umsebenzi ndibanisela inkalo lorhwebo (ubuncinane - iinkqubo zemveliso). Njengenxalenye yale iinkampani yezemithi, njengoko umthetho, kwaba lula ukuba athengise impahla langabom ngeendleko izivumelwano kumaxabiso, quotas, ezisetyenziswa kunye namanye amashishini nosasazo channel. Amashishini imboni wahlala ukuzimela ngokupheleleyo lomthetho kunye noqoqosho.

wabazingeli

Ukuba imisebenzi ngamaqela yadityaniswa ngaphakathi imboni, njengoko enjalo swi imiphantsi kunikezelo (ngokuchasiweyo inxalenye zemveliso), i ngoosomashishini angayivuma ngokusekwa ekuthiwa - ngokufanayo kuzo zonke isakhiwo ishishini, onoxanduva ukuthengiswa kweemveliso ngamaxabiso efanayo nemijelo.

Yiloo nto ke umsebenzi mveliso ngamnye ukunciphisa imveliso. Ethatha inxaxheba kwintengiso, njengoko umthetho, kuphela wadala usebenzise kubo. Kwezinye iimeko, ubume intengiso akazange adale ngokwahlukileyo, yaye kwasekwa ngokusekelwe kwizibonelelo yenye iinkampani lilungu lentlangano.

trust

Ukuba zorhwebo kunye wabazingeli idla eyenzelwe ukwandisa intengiso lamajelo impahla, trusts - ukuqinisa iinzame nje enye njengenxalenye yemveliso (kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi kwakhona zidityanisiwe amaqela yokuthengisa). Iimanyano olu hlobo kuyilwa amashishini lungagcineki, njengoko kuchasene neenkqubo zorhwebo kunye wabazingeli, ukuzimela zomthetho kunye noqoqosho. Created badla uthembe structure intloko (malunga njengoko egqunywe). Kodwa kwakukho kufumaneka xa inkampani utyikitye isivumelwano yokudityaniswa kunye ukuzuza. Ngokuqhelekileyo trust kwakuthetha kudityaniswe zonke iinkqubo zemveliso ngaphakathi kumbutho ohlangeneyo iinkampani, kwakunye nezibonelelo ezinxulumene nabo. Amaxesha amaninzi amalungu la uluntu zaba namashishini asuka mveliso ezahlukeneyo. Kuzo, kanye njengoko yenzeka iinkxalabo, umgca ikhonkco lemveliso kuxoxwe ngasentla. Njengoko umthetho, loo trasti bathatha indawo Institute of kumaphulo kwimithombo abandakanyeka imveliso yempahla (kwakunye nemveliso ogqityiweyo).

Zorhwebo kunye wabazingeli ngexesha yagqabhuka uphawu ngakumbi yamaxesha ka-Imperial Russia (xa iziko lweshishini labucala ukuba khona ngaphandle anemiqathango). Yaza eyesibini okungakumbi. Zorhwebo baba kuyavunywa kakhulu ezinqabileyo. Kwi-USSR (de kube mzuzu xa vala ubudlelwane zorhwebo) bafumana udumo trust ezinkulu.

Associations kunye nemibutho

Ekubeni ingqalelo iifom zangoku kunye nembali yokudityaniswa zeenkampani kwi-sikhokelo yokudityaniswa kunye ekuthengeni ezi ncwadi, sicinga kuhlobo lwesibini kudityaniswe ishishini - unxulumano kunye nemibutho. qaphela nje ukuba la magama mabini, njengokuba umthetho, abanakho ukwalathwa. Nje "umbutho" - lithetha "umbutho", "umbutho", kuphela nembeko amazwe. Amashishini ngokwabo ukumisela indlela bazibiza njengenxalenye isakhiwo esidityanisiweyo.

Imibutho kunye nemibutho - ezitshatileyo imibutho (yabucala okanye kawonke) ukuba ukuqinisa izibonelelo zemali kunye nolawulo, kunye nokukhusela umdla kunye nolungelelaniso bonke ababandakanyekileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi. Phantse njalo ke isakhiwo non nzuzo-uhlobo-. Oko kukuthi, ukuba sithethe malunga nemeko yomthetho - kukuthi, njengokuba umthetho, NGOs. Iinkampani lilungu umbutho okanye iyuniyoni, baligcine ukuzimela zomthetho kunye noqoqosho elipheleleyo.

Isikali imibutho efana yahluke kakhulu. Umzekelo, i-Association of Restaurateurs kunye hostelerov. Xa esiva abaninzi umbutho enjalo - ". I-Union of mveliso kunye Entrepreneurs ' Kukho izakhiwo ngamazwe kunye nezopolitiko (injongo yokudala kubo - oko kwasekwayo unxulumano zoshishino). Phakathi kwabo - Customs Union.