Art. 165 Code of Criminal Procedure kuhlelo olutsha ukuhlaziya

Art. 165 Code of Criminal Procedure unenzondelelo utshintsho ezincinane kodwa ezibalulekileyo. Inkqubo yokufumana imvume nabaphandi kunye arhente yophando malunga nokusetyenziswa iindlela ezithile zenkqubo nzima kakhulu, ingakumbi ukuba yinkundla. Kwaye kufuneka ezi bunzima yokugubungela ukuze aqonde ngokuchanekileyo inkqubo kunye neziphumo zawo.

Yintoni na izenzo bokuphanda

arhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho ezininzi amagunya eziya kubavumela ukuba baphumeze lokufakwa abatyholwa ukunqanda izenzo ayingozi eluntwini. Noko ke, umntu kufuneka akhumbule njalo ukuba zonke izenzo alwenziwanga ngokwazo, ezinye zazo zifuna iinkqubo ezithile preliminary. Ezi ngongoma kufuneka zihlelwe amanyathelo bokuphanda nebaluleke gqitha uphando.

Yintoni ithathwa ezona ndlela eyamkelekileyo imizimba zokunyanzeliswa komthetho? izenzo Investigative - iseti iindlela ezinceda abasemagunyeni uphando kunye abaphandi ukuqokelela nokungqinisisa bonke ubungqina kweli tyala. Le yeyona ndlela iphambili yokuseka inyaniso, kuba lilawulwa yi Khowudi kunye neminye imithetho ezahlukeneyo yase.

Ixabiso isenzo eso

Art. 165 Code of Criminal Procedure kwi kwinguqulelo entsha ithi ukuba uphando, nangona ingengabo bonke, kodwa zifuna imvume enkundleni. Esi sisihlandlo sokuqala eya kuxhomekeka ukubaluleka ubuchule ezinjalo. Isigqibo ngasinye yenkqubo kunye nezenzo neziphumo zomthetho kwaye zichaphazela ngexesha leenkqubo zolwaphulo-mthetho, ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka esweni, yaye oko kubangelwa eli lungiselelo.

Owesibini umba obalulekileyo ngokulinganayo - inyaniso. A ngothotho lwezixhobo ukuba umthetho ubonelela kumagosa zokunyanzelisa umthetho, inceda ukufikelela kwiziphumo eziphambili ekulweni ulwaphulo-mthetho. I olusebenzayo uphando, i ngokukhawuleza nangendlela eyiyo ngakumbi, ukuba zenziwe, amathuba ukufumana ubungqina echanileyo oyinyaniso, yaye kwakhona ukuqinisekisa ukuchana zabo.

Iintlobo izenzo bokuphanda

iindlela zokuhlela kunye namacebo asetyenziswa nabaphandi, kakhulu ezahlukeneyo. Iinqobo sebenza zifundo, ubungakanani kwamanyathelo asetyenziswa, ii-odolo zazo ukuphunyezwa, ukwakhiwa nxaxheba amanyathelo kunye nabanye abaninzi. Noko ke, lo mthetho ikhankanya iintlobo izixhobo ukunceda Qokelela uze uqinisekise ubungqina. Nkqu Art. 165 Code of Criminal Procedure lujolise abathile kubo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo Okukodwa yayo.

Ngenxa yoko, i-Criminal Procedure uMthetho oqondela la manyathelo alandelayo: wokusetsha nokuhlutha, encinwa, iimviwo, experiment yophando. Ukongeza, ukuqhuba uviwo, kuhlolwa, ukuchongwa, ukuqinisekiswa ubungqina, longquzulwano, ekuthatheni imeyile, ukurekhoda mibhobho. Noko ke, asinguye wonke enye yezi zixhobo kufuna isigqibo senkundla njengesiseko isicelo yayo.

Art. 165 Code of Criminal Procedure kwi inxalenye yokuqala ithi ukuba isigqibo esibophelelayo wenkundla kwimeko yokusetsha nokuhlutha izinto, nokuhlutha, wiretapping kunye nonxibelelwano phakathi kwabasebenzisi, kwakunye ekuphunyezweni lokuhlolwa. Abanye bacebisa ngaphezu uphando inokwenziwa kuphela ngokusekelwe umyalelo ezifunyenwe umphandi. Kwakhona, isigqibo senkundla kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukukhutshwa, xa kukho imfuneko yophando.

Imigaqo yezenzo bokuphanda

Ngaphambi kokuba intloko yesebe yophando okanye imibuzo yiya enkundleni kunye nesicelo ukubamba abo okanye ezinye izenzo ezibalulekileyo uphando, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba udibana inani iimeko, leyo, umgaqo, kwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa nayiphi na indlela yokuqokelela nokuvavanya ubungqina. Chonga iimfuno eziliqela ekufuneka nazo phambi kokuba inkqubo wayebhekisela Ijaji.

Imfuneko lokuqala - ubukho kukumisela. Ukuba ayiwenzi, ngoko andikwazi ukuthetha nathi ngayo nayiphi na uphando ikhankanywe ngasentla. Imeko yesibini - ubukho kwezohlwayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo avela umtshutshisi. Eyesithathu - lo mbandela, oko kukuthi, ukuba enze intshukumo kufuneka umntu egunyaziswe. Kwaye enye imeko - procedural iimfuno kufuneka yaneliswe ngokungqinelana ne-Code of Criminal Procedure, okanye akukho mandla, ekugqibeleni baya kuba.

Isicelo izenzo bokuphanda

Umbuzo ukuya enkundleni ukuze agunyazise ukusetyenziswa iindlela ezithile yokufumana ubungqina bophicotho nobugcisa lusekiwe. 165 Code of Criminal Procedure njengoko ulungisiwe. Xa izimvo kule norm linokusikhanyisela ngokupheleleyo umcimbi phantsi ingqalelo, ngaphandle kokubhenela kwi uguqulelo kwezinye imithombo yomthetho. Ngoko ke, yintoni na inkqubo lokufaka isicelo ukuphunyezwa izenzo yophando?

Lo mcuphi okanye umphandi liye enkundleni. Kubalulekile ukuba mhlawumbi imvume yentloko yesebe yophando, okanye ngemvume yomtshutshisi, ngokulandelelana. Ukuzimela kulo mbandela kuba akukho abaqeshwa igunya, esweni okunyanzelekileyo ngabasemagunyeni. Ngokuba isenzo ngasinye, kubandakanywa isibheno kwinkundla, ulawulo kunye kubhalwe kule fayile yetyala.

Kwezinye iimeko umngeni izenzo umphandi ukusuka umtshutshisi. Kodwa ke, ukuba akukho Ukuphika kubathetheli imizimba icebo kwaye inkundla wamkela lwezikhalazo, ngoko ngakumbi uyaqhubeka kwinyathelo elilandelayo, oko kukuthi, i-ingqalelo ngokukhawuleza isicelo enkundleni kunye nokwamkelwa kwezisombululo ezithile.

Nqanaba kokuqwalaselwa kwesicelo yinkundla

Into yokuqala kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo - inkundla. Art. 30 Code of Criminal Procedure njengoko ulungisiwe umisela inani iinketho ukuba zinike ithuba lokuba bafunde ityala ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Oku kube joint kwezigqibo, kwaye mhlawumbi entendeni, kuxhomekeka Resort kunye nezinye iimeko ezahlukeneyo ezifanayo.

Ukuba sithethe ngalo mbandela uphando, umthetho uchaza umthetho ocacileyo. Art. 165 Code of Criminal Procedure oqondela ukuba ezi zicelo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe yijaji elinye kuphela, kwaye inkundla yesithili okanye emkhosini xa kuyimfuneko nkcukacha zeli tyala. akunakuba Olunye uhlobo isigqibo, ekubeni i-Criminal Procedure umthetho categorical kule nkalo.

Njengoko i-nxaxheba kwiingxoxo enkundleni, i-Code of weNkqubo yoLwaphulo ezichaza abantu ababekhona ngokucacileyo. Inkundla kwi inxalenye kuphela umphandi okanye umphandi, kuxhomekeka ngubani uqondisa isicelo, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, umtshutshisi woluntu, lowo udla owenza kulo msebenzi noku wokongamela. Kwakhona kuyenzeka ummangalelwa inxaxheba ngokungqinelana ne-Code Civil.

kwezigqibo

Ukuqwalaselwa isicelo lwenziwa ngokuhambelana ne Art. 165 Code of weNkqubo yoLwaphulo. Kuba izimvo kule nqaku, unako ukumisela umyalelo njani isigqibo kwenziwa yaye yintoni na ke, lo mgaqo, kunokuba. ELongameleyo zisekelwe kuphela kwizinto ezikhoyo kunye nemfuneko yokusebenzisa abo okanye ezinye izenzo yophando.

Ijaji liqwalasela isicelo sifakwe phambi kwabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kule nkqubo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, yena uyakwazi ukuphulaphula iinkcazelo kunye Zininzi iingxoxo ukuba ukuqinisekisa imfuno isicelo nawaphi na amanyathelo. Ekugqibeleni, usihlalo wale ntlanganiso uya kwenza isigqibo sokuba ziziphi ithetha nayiphi na ukuvunywa kwesicelo eso, okanye ukwalela kuyo.

Isibheno esichasa isigqibo senkundla

Nasiphi na isigqibo yijaji, nokuba sigwebo, elibusayo okanye ukuzimisela, ngokungqinelana nomthetho ezinokuchaswa ngesibheno kwinkundla ephakamileyo. Enoba umba phambi Ijaji, isiphumo lisenokuthi litshintshwe ukuba abachaphazelekayo ukuze oyifunayo. Le mvume inkundla yezibheno kunye ezikhalazo uhlaziyo bafaka yi umphandi okanye ubuzayo.

Rule yesibheno - yinto uhlobo gabalala ya vutshila. 165 Code of weNkqubo yoLwaphulo. Ngoko ke, abanomdla ngokutsha isigqibo seNkundla angafaka isibheno kwinkundla ephakamileyo, okt yengingqi, ukuze isigqibo malunga nesicelo yezenzo bokuphanda, okanye, icala, ukwalela kubo iye yahlaziywa. Oku kungenziwa njengoko abaphandi kunye abaphandi kunye nomtshutshisi. Kwezinye iimeko mhlawumbi nomdla ummangalelwa yoluntu.

iiyure Ukuthintelwa. 5 v. 165 Code of weNkqubo yoLwaphulo

Umthetho uchaza ngokucacileyo uluhlu lwezinto uvumele ukuphunyezwa kuphela yinkundla. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimeko apho lolawulo iyolala, ekubeni ngenxa ukungxamiseka amanyathelo, ukubaluleka kwabo nemfuneko zophengululo lobulungisa yale magazini ingathatha ixesha, nto leyo iya kuba luncedo olukhulu.

Icandelo 5, Art. 165 Code of weNkqubo yoLwaphulo uthi wokuthinjwa, khangela, ekuthatheni impahla kunye nezinye iimeko kuba ukungabikho isigqibo senkundla. Ukuba isenzo esinjalo zingxamisekile kunye nexesha iindlela zenkqubo nje musa, ngoko ke umphandi okanye umphandi wenze nje isigqibo malunga nokuphunyezwa kwe ndlela kuvunyelwa ngaphandle abanaluncedo ugunyaziwe yenkundla, kulo mzekelo iiyure ezingama-24 azise ongamelayo ijaji nomtshutshisi.

Kunjalo, kwaye oku kukho ukuxolelwa igatya. Izimvo kwi nqaku zibonisa ukuba ezinye uphando, ezizezi kwezidumbu, ekuthatheni amaxwebhu ebalulekileyo karhulumente, iirekhodi incoko ngomnxeba, kwakunye nokusetyenziswa amanyathelo zonyanzelo njenge ndawo ekliniki, musa ukuvumela ukusetyenziswa oluzimeleyo, zithathwa ezingxamisekileyo kwaye mazisoloko sikhatshwe isigqibo senkundla .