Antibiotics penicillin: flight "bullet magic"

Penicillin amagciwane - iqela kwezinto antibacterial eziveliswa inkcubeko ezinzwaneni ye sodidi IPenicillium. Namhlanje, ukuba ngempumelelo kunyango chemo- kunye nemithi. Kanye njengokuba cephalosporins, antibiotics penicillin ihlelwa namachiza beta-lactam. Kunye nempembelelo enamandla bactericidal kunye iqondo eliphezulu umsebenzi nxamnye iintsholongwane gram-HIV, kuba isiphumo ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwaye zinamandla ngokwenza iintsholongwane yayintsholongwane eyosulela kakhulu kwisigaba ukwanda.

Eyona uphawu eli qela iziyobisi kukuba kwawo ukungena kwizisele eziphilayo yaye kunempembelelo lwaze kwi kuhlala phakathi kwezi kwamagciwane. Le usikhokele eziqhelekileyo antibiotics-cephalosporins kunye penicillin, xa kuthelekiswa ne apho abe nenkani kancinci ukuya beta-lactamases - enzayim ezizodwa zokhuselo eziveliswa amagciwane izifo.

Ukufunyanwa penicillin, imigudu eziphilayo IsiNgesi Aleksandra Fleminga ngo-1929, yavelisa enye neziphithiphithi kakhulu amayeza. Kwazeka oko kunokwenzeka ukuba aphathe eyiyo izifo ezininzi phambi iinkulungwane babegqalwa iyabulala - umz, lung komtshiso oko. Kunye nendima penicillin kwesesibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi ngokubanzi ezinkulu yaye lifanelwe izifundo zenzululwazi ezahlukeneyo.

Okokuqala ukufumana ingcamango ubuncwane, kungaba yingozi Cya, kodwa kukhuselekile ukuba abantu, baye saqulunqwa kwaye yaphunyezwa Ekuveleni XIX-XX iinkulungwane umseki nechemotherapy, Paulem Erlihom. Kanye into, yena washo, njenge "imbumbulu magic." kungekudala iikhompawundi ezifana chemical kwafunyanwa phakathi avela kwezinye needayi. Ngokuthi "chemotherapy", baye baba esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi unyango negcushuwa. Kwaye nangona ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko ukuba kude kakhulu penicillins mihla, bona baba harbingers yokuqala yonyango zintsholongwane kwi imbono mihla.

antibiotics penicillin zangoku kwabonisa nokusebenza liphezulu malunga magciwane anaerobic. Oku kuyinyaniso ngokukodwa ekuthiwa superpenitsillinov (azlocillin, piperacillin, mezlocillin kunye nabanye), kwakunye wesithathu-generation cephalosporins, ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ukwenzela ukuthintela iingxaki kunokwenzeka postoperative. Namhlanje, imithi enamandla iqela penicillin asetyenziselwa ukunyanga abantwana, abasetyhini abakhulelweyo, abadala, izigulane insufficiency kwezintso kunye neendidi ezahlukeneyo epididymitis ahlekise nonspecific.

Phezu kwayo yonke impumelelo Pharmacology mihla kunye nemfezeko nesihlobo amalungiselelo penicillin uphupha Paulya Erliha of "bullet magic ogqibeleleyo" ngitsho into xa ukusebenza, njengoko ityuwa kuyingozi ngezixa kakhulu. Yintoni Singathini imithi enamandla kwaye ayingozi njengoko antibiotics penicillin! engemihle data elwa kufuneka Cazulula amathuba ezahlukeneyo uxabane, reactions oyityhefu ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi zesisu.