Anti-moya enomjukujelwa kunye zokudubula enzima "ezinkempe": ifoto isixhobo

Ngeminyaka, amazwe NATO babe ngabanini eziliqela imijukujelwa yala maxesha anti-high-ngesantya, ziveliswe nobugcisa yangoku. Esebenzisa iintloko homing, ekwaziyo okubhabha kwindawo iyenzeka ngaphezu kwamanzi ezi zityalo amele ingxaki enkulu iinqanawa yotshaba. Ukuze kusingathwe ngempumelelo NATO imijukujelwa-high speed, nabayili eSoviet wenza anti-moya enomjukujelwa kunye zokudubula enzima "angababulali".

Eganiweyo ukuba ayile Spar?

umsebenzi Design kwi enomjukujelwa kunye zokudubula enzima "angababulali" kwaqala 1970. Ethatha inxaxheba ngokuyila KBP e Tula. Imveliso Uthotho of "Dirk" isakhiwo uyasebenza Tula Engineering Plant. Inkqubo radar sele yenziwe kwishishini radio apha Serpukhov, kunye nezixhobo emkhosini - kwi Research Institute of Physical Iingxaki ogama emva F. V. Lukina. Anti-moya enomjukujelwa kunye zokudubula enzima "ezinkempe" (Grau 3M87), eyaziwayo njengoko Spar "Chestnut" (igama kwamanye amazwe), wangena inkonzo ngo-1989.

nomgomo

endaweni iinkqubo anti-moya lixesha kwi anti-moya entsha "Dirk" izicwangciso ezintsonkothileyo nabayili Soviet. Ukuze oku kube yimfuneko ukuba kupheliswe iingxaki ezinxulumene nenkqubo air ukuziphendulela enqanaweni ubudala. Ukuze "Dirk" wakwazi ukuxhathisa ngempumelelo NATO imijukujelwa-ngesantya esiphezulu, oko kufuneka abe noku kulandelayo:

• amakhono oluphuculweyo kwicandelo ucupho kunye uphawulo lwezinto ekujoliswe kuzo, kuquka i-speed eliphezulu;
• ukwanda emthethweni;
• Tshintsha Quick;
• ukwanda okuba ibetha koko kujoliswe kuko.

inkqubela-phambili

Ngexesha uyilo abayili eSoviet isigqibo ayikokunqamla ukudaleka onombono okanye ngokungqongqo zokudubula enomjukujelwa anti-moya complex. Ngokutsho kwabo, izixhobo ezintsha kufuneka ilifa iimpawu kakhulu kwezi nkqubo zimbini zokhuseleko kwi entsonkothileyo. Tula abayili ngexesha le nkqubo sele iqokelelwe, eyaziwa ngokuba Spar ilizwe "Tunguska". "Dirk" - anti-moya enomjukujelwa kunye nenkqubo zokudubula - eyenzelwe kuthathelwa ingqalelo uphuhliso sele esele i "Tunguska". Ukuqokelela Spar entsha, abayili babesebenzisa kweeyunithi esele zenziwe. Ezinye zazo lingatshintshanga ngokupheleleyo, baye bafudukela "Dirk". inkqubo enomjukujelwa kunjalo iqulethe ezininzi izinto ekufuneka zenzelwe ukusuka ekuqaleni.

inkalo Spar lobume entsha

Anti-moya zokudubula enomjukujelwa esimbaxa "angababulali" ukuze mayixhotyiswe elinye okanye amabini imodyuli umyalelo ziqulathe radar kunye nenkqubo yolawulo yedijithali. Kuba inqanawe ezincinci ezilungiselelwe enye ukulwa unit ukuba imijukujelwa nemipu, kwaye ukuya kubabulali ezinkulu okanye cruisers - nangaphezulu, kunye iseti yonke kwezixhobo anti-moya ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba kwiimodyuli yokulwa kuyimfuneko (3S87) kungenziwa kuqatyeliswa nayiphi na inxalenye kumgangatho. Enye mnqongo wokulinganisela, ngaphandle emthethweni, 9 th ubunzima 500 kg, kunye iimbumbulu -. Amawaka 12 kg .. Ukuze yifake, ukuba turntable okhethekileyo okuvumela ukuba enze i iingalo kwincam tye. Inxalenye nakumphezulu umnqongo kufakwa radar kanye woqondo-elektroniki izikhululo, onoxanduva yomzila. Umphezulu nganeno iqonga yaba kwisihlalo ngemipu kunye imijukujelwa.

izikhali

Spar "Dirk" ifakwe:

• Bade elilawulwa sigaba-ezimbini eziqinileyo rocket fuel 9M311-1 ukuba intonga ukuqhekeka warhead kwaye lujolise boluvo noncontact.
• Ezimbini guns anti-moya-barreled emithandathu AO-18K 30 mm, ekwaziyo lomlilo ejoliswe kumgama km 2 -4.
• imodyuli umyalelo owenza ukufunyanwa ekujoliswe, usasazo kunye nemiyalelo nokunika kwizikhululo isixhobo.
• Enye okanye ezintandathu yokulwa iimodyuli. bakuthabatha kujoliswe ukusuka mnqongo umyalelo eziphuma, yenza tracking oluzenzekelayo ekujoliswe leHamas lwenziwa usebenzisa nje enomjukujelwa, kunye nezixhobo zokudubula.
• inkqubo Special onoxanduva ukugcina uyazihlaziya izixhobo inqanawa leyo. Le nkqubo isikhongozelo apho iiyunithi yokulwa bayavuka wazibeka iwayini.

Ukuze kukhuselwe enomjukujelwa evela iigesi propellant kwi imiphanda umpu ke housings ezikhethekileyo zezindlu. I-Spar "Dirk" lisetyenziswa sokubhola bezzvenevaya supply lukhule. Esi sakhiwo ezenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo.

iimpawu yokusebenza

• Spar "Dirk" ilungiselelwe ukuba ukubetha Target iinkalo ezimbini:

rocket:

1) 1 km 500 m - 8 km;

2) 5 km - 3 km 500 m.

zokudubula:

1) 500 m - 4 km;

2) 5 m - 3 km.

• Izinga Spar ngomzuzu yi amawaka-10. kuqhume.
• Ixesha abasabela ngayo imizuzwana-8.
• Ukuchaneka kuphazamiseka radar channel iimitha ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu.
• "Angababulali" iphawulwa amathuba eliphezulu sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi: 94-99%.

Ngubani usebenzisa complex?

Zenethiwekhi Spar "Dirk" zezi:

• Heavy nuclear enomjukujelwa Cruiser "uPyotr Veliky" yaye "Admiral Nakhimov".
• Heavy moya ephethe Cruiser "Admiral Kuznetsov".
• "Ukulondoloza" patrol nqanawa.

Spar njenge "Dirk" lisetyenziswa izikhephe patrol "Niyazi" yaye "Yaroslav Mudry", kwakunye awahlali "Talwar".

Ukuthumela lwalo bade complex

Kule 90 wabonakala Spar "Chestnut", apho phantse ayahlukanga ukusuka lobeko zalo ezisisiseko - "Dirk". Umahluko kuphela kukuba kwisakhiwo "ezinkempe" lisetyenziswa kuphela Russian Navy, yaye "Chestnut" Spar ilungiselelwe ngokukodwa ukuba kwamanye amazwe. Abathengi le ngobuwena, bade intsimbi ezintsonkothileyo Indian emkhosini. Indian frigates Navy ezi projekthi 1135,6. iifrigate enjalo yokulwa, yanye imodyuli umyalelo iqhotyoshelweyo. Ngexesha ezinjalo Unjengeenqanawa 2003-2013 India abalishumi sisiphi 1135,6, ekhwele kunye Spar "Chestnut" kwathengiswa.

isiphelo

Spar "Dirk" isetyenziselwa ukukhusela iinqanawa Russian Navy kunye nezinto zokubhala kwi anti-high-rhoqo utshaba imijukujelwa. Le Spar lusebenza kakhulu ukuba kudutyulwe iithagethi ezincinane aselwandle kunye emhlabeni.