Angaphambili ... okanye inkcazo emfutshane yenye yemithombo ebalulekileyo yasemyalelweni

Le ingqiqo jikelele yenzululwazi kunye jikelele ye umzekelo - kuyinto phambi ibattery kwesiganeko ababekhonza njengesiseko iingqikelelo zayo. Eli gama lisetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezininzi zolwazi kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla, Noko ke, amaninzi kusetyenziswa xa luthe recollected Zibe ngokusemthethweni.

Igama elithi kukodwa umzekelo (igama Liguqulwe lithatyathwa Latin - "odlulileyo") ngengqiqo zomthetho, kwabonakala eRoma yamandulo. Noko ke, kuphela XVIII -. Ngenkulungwane XIX, kwi yiEnlightenment kwaye i Revolution Industrial, oko ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa kulo mkhuba komthetho.

Modern Law Dictionary unika ingcaciso zilandelayo: umzekelo - oko ngaphambili wafumana isigqibo senkundla kwi imeko ethile, nto leyo iba isiseko ukusonjululwa kwezinye iimeko ezifanayo.

Kule nkcazelo sinokugqiba ukuba umzekelo - oko, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, isenzo yokwenziwa kwemithetho, isifundo engundoqo iyileyo yijaji. Kwangaxeshanye, lo umda yenkundla-yokwenza umthetho ayemxinwa kakhulu kunalowo yepalamente ekwenziweni komthetho. Ngoko ke, ngokuba ijaji angaphambili hayi eziphambili, kunye yi-nemveliso yomsebenzi wayo, evela kuphela kwimida-sikhokelo yezomthetho sele ikhona kwilizwe elithile.

Imfuneko ifolo kuba amalungiselelo omthetho na, ukuze ekugqibeleni ezi-ebizwa ngokuba kukho jikelele ngokwaneleyo "izikhewu emthethweni." It is izenzo zabo kwaye kufuneka wenze kwemithetho yeenkundla, nto leyo ekugqibeleni bethatha indawo zabo kule kwinkqubo yomthetho lizwe.

Ekuhlalutyeni izinto eziphambili imithombo mthetho kufuneka ngokucacileyo umahluko phakathi kwala magama ze "owawuza yomthetho" kunye "kileyo". Isandulela - kukuthi, kuqala kwiinto zonke, isisombululo ethile, lo gama wobugqwetha luluhlu yonke izigqibo zenkundla efanayo ezibanjiswe yobume iingxoxo zenkundla elide.

Ngelo xesha ke kufuneka kugxininisiswe ukuba onke amazwe ifolo ukuba ngumthombo umthetho ngengqiqo ngokupheleleyo eli gama. Lidla ngokwemvelo, udlala indima ebalulekileyo amazwe Anglo-Saxon iziko ngokusemthethweni (i-United Kingdom, South Africa, USA, Canada, India), inkqubo yezomthetho leyo kakhulu wadala ngokusekelwe icala komthetho. Ukongeza, kukho States apho ukunyuka ixabiso umzekelo kwexesha: France, Liechtenstein, eJamani, eSpeyin, Latin America. ERashiya, umthombo umthetho ngokomthetho, nangona kukho inkqubela kwiminyaka yakutshanje zifumaneka apha.

Umzekelo ezaziwa karhulumente kunye uqhekeko case-mthetho lo United Kingdom. Noko ke, nalapha uluhlu nempahla, nto leyo enokwenza izigqibo kwixesha elizayo kunyanzelekile ukuba bonke nzulu kakhulu kangako. Ezi kuphela kwiNkundla Ephakamileyo, iNkundla ePhakamileyo kunye neNdlu yeeNkosi. Ngaphezu koko, zikho ngoko izisombululo babesebenzisa bengengabo ngokupheleleyo, kodwa isiqalelo zabo ezizodwa - babizwa ngokuba "isisombululo Undoqo", nto leyo ilungiselelo umthetho osebenzayo kwanemiba kwakhona zavela-ngokunxulumene izibakala emiselwe yinkundla.