Amandla enyukliya: imbali modernity

Ukususela ngo-1970, ihlabathi iSivumelwano kwi-Non-Proliferation of Izixhobo Nuclear (NPT), nto leyo imele amagunya yenyukliya kwaye ilawula imihlaba ngoxanduva lwabo malunga nezixhobo zabo ezikhoyo. Ngokwesivumelwano, ubume yenyukliya-isixhobo uthi bafumene i-US, iBritani, eFransi, China kunye USSR (ngoku Russian Federation, njengoko ezihlangwini). Kuyinto kula mazwe udubulo vavanyo lwenziwa de 1967, ngoko ke ngokusesikweni bangena "club zenyukliya."

Imvumelwano ka NPT onika amandla enyukliya na phantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko musa ukudlula izixhobo zabo okanye ubugcisa bayo kwemveliso kumazwe apho kanti akunjalo, ukukhuthaza okanye kube lula ukuvelisa izixhobo ezifana kuzo.

Unakho ukwabelana ngamava nokunceda abanye, kodwa kuphela xa ukusetyenziswa ngoxolo kwamandla dubulo enyukliya.

Le mvumelwano sithi xa ukuhlaselwa nenukliya ziya kwenziwa kwi-lizwe, leyo ayinayo izixhobo ezinjalo, iya kuma phezu ukuziphendulela ayo amanye amagunya zenyukliya ehlabathini, ngokutsho UN Charter.

ISivumelwano NPT ababandakanyekayo kumazwe angaphezu kwama-170, yaye isebenza ngokungenammiselo.

Enyanisweni, namhlanje izixhobo zenyukliya yenzelwe kwaye ivavanywe nokuba e Pakistan, Iran, India, uMzantsi Afrika kunye North Korea, kodwa ngokusemthethweni, la mazwe ezingaqukwanga kwi inani nuclear.

Pakistan ne India ziye phantse ngaxeshanye kuqhutywa iimvavanyo zabo. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1998.

Ekuqaleni, North Korea asayina isivumelwano NPT, kodwa ngo-2003 ibhengeze ngokusesikweni ngokwayo simahla ukususela izibophelelo zesi sivumelwano. Ngowe-2006, North Korea wenza dubulo yayo yokuqala uvavanyo kwintsimi yabo.

Phakathi kwamazwe abe isixhobo senyukliya, abaninzi zibangelwa kwaSirayeli. Kodwa ke nabasemagunyeni ilizwe zange uziqinisekisile okanye ephika ukuba oko kwenziwe uphuhliso kunye nokuvavanywa.

Ngowe-2006, amandla enyukliya, zincediswa yi-nxaxheba. UMongameli of Iran libhengeze ngokusemthethweni ukuba ubugcisa bemveliso iqulunqwa ngokupheleleyo elabhoratri amafutha yenyukliya.

Ngomhla kummandla ezintathu ziiriphabliki lalisakuba yiSoviet (Ukraine, Kazakhstan kunye Belarus) naye imijukujelwa kunye ezase, eziye wahlala ubunini babo emva kokuba sokonakalisa eli lizwe. Kodwa ngo-1992 ukuba satyikitya Lisbon Protocol on kosikelo-mda kunye nokucuthwa izixhobo qhinga yaye okunene balahle izixhobo ezinjalo. Kazakhstan, Belarus kunye Ukraine abaye bangenela NPT angamalungu kwaye ngoku ngokusemthethweni ukuba amagunya non-nuclear.

KwiRiphabliki yoMzantsi Afrika sele wakhelwe izixhobo zenyukliya kwaye baqhuba iimvavanyo yayo kwi-Indian Ocean ngo-1979. Noko ke, kungekudala emva kokuba le nkqubo yophuhliso sele ivaliwe, kwaye ukusukela ngo-1991 uMzantsi Afrika sele ujoyine ngokusesikweni NPT iSivumelwano.

Ke ehlabathini kukho iqela olwahlukileyo amazwe, nto leyo kwakubekwe bayakwazi ukuya kubamba isixhobo senyukliya, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu zomkhosi nezopolitiko, loo nto ithathwa bekungalunganga. Iingcali zithetha States ezinjalo, amanye amazwe e Umzantsi Melika (Brazil, Argentina), South Korea, Egypt, Libya kunye nabanye.

Amagunya ebizwa ngokuba "efukamileyo" zenyukliya, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukutshintshela imveliso yalo imveliso kwezixhobo ngokukhawuleza, usebenzisa iteknoloji-mbini ukusetyenziswa.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe utsho ukuncitshiswa izikhali zabo, lo gama ngokwenza mihla ngakumbi. Kodwa ke inyaniso kukuba le 19.000 ezikhoyo ehlabathini namhlanje kwezixhobo zenyukliya, 4400 sihlala kwimo kodityaniso ophezulu.

Ukwehla voooruzheniya yokugcina kubangelwa ikakhulu ekunciphiseni noninzi lwezinto yokulwa Russia kunye US, kwakunye ngenxa bhala-off mijukujelwa eziphelelwe lixesha. Kunjalo, kwaye ithi esemthethweni zenyukliya, India nasePakistan ukuba aqhubeke ukubhengeza ukutyalwa iinkqubo ezintsha zophuhliso izixhobo. Kubonakala ukuba, enyanisweni, kungengamazwi, akukho namnye amazwe engekakulungeli ukuba ashiye ngokupheleleyo indlu yayo yenyukliya.