Amalungiselelo zomthetho ezinxulumene ulwazi. ukhuseleko data

Kweempumelelo zemigaqo-inkqubela yenzululwazi kunye zobugcisa langoku inqanaba lophuhliso loluntu zibonisa kwizifundo zobuxhakaxhaka bolwazi mpumelelo zehlabathi loluntu. Enye lwezona kakhulu kule ndawo, ngokungathandabuzekiyo, ozakuthathwa ukuvela kunye nophuhliso Internet, oovimba kunye namakhono ezithi ikhula rhoqo.

izinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga kuphuhliso information technology eluntwini

Indima esihle ekuphuhliseni uluntu ulwazi ayinakuphikiswa kwaye ngenkankulu kufuneka icaciswe, kodwa asimele silibale ukuba yonke impumelelo inkqubela yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe, njengoko umthetho, kukho omabini akhabayo kunye navumelanayo. Kwakhona, kukho umba eyahlukileyo na imigaqo esemthethweni ephathelele ulwazi.

Ngokumalunga uluntu ulwazi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba uphuhliso kunye nokuphuculwa kwenkqubo amakhonkco onxibelelwano phakathi kwabantu hayi uzilungisele kuphela inkqubo yokufumana ezi nkcukacha, kodwa kukwadala amacebo amatsha zonxibelelwano. Kulo mzekelo yephule imida ezithile zobuqu. Kukho ingxaki wokulondoloza ekhusini, ukusekwa kunye nophuhliso loluntu ulwazi, ukwakha kulawulo umthetho onxulumene nolwazi.

Le mba we inkcubeko ngobuninzi kunye nokufikelela kulwazi "amandla"

Kulo mxholo kukwabalulekile kukuba uphuhliso ekuthiwa inkcubeko mass - i inkalo zentlalo nenkcubeko kukodwa antsonkothileyo. Ngokusekelwe kwithiyori Toffler mveliso, ukuze kuqwalaselwe ukuba ukwanda inkcubeko yabantu kwintlalo yaseNtshona kwinkulungwane XX kwakubangelwa, kwelinye icala, izinto ezifana kuphuhliso ezidolophini, nokubhala abaninzi, ukwanda kwamajelo abaninzi, yaye kwelinye - ukukhula kabi engqondweni ntshikilelo, ezinxulumene ne kukuqinisa iintlobo ezininzi zomsebenzi, kwakunye kunyebeleziso amaxabiso yabathengi eluntwini.

Ngenxa yoko, inkcubeko ethandwayo ufikelela kwinqanaba entsha yentlangano, ukufumana ulwazi olutsha, ukuba ulwazi olutsha ukunika ufikelelo olukhulu kwimithombo kunye namathuba yoluntu. Eneneni, uluntu kufuneka ukufikelela kwizibonelelo ayengama ilungelo le-Elite yoluntu. Ngako oko, wabagagamela izibonelelo olu hlobo, inkcubeko ethandwayo, kwaye ifuimana urhulumente omtsha, omnye wemiqathango ibalulekileyo amandla luba ilifa inkcazelo efanelekileyo, kwakunye zokhuseleko lolwazi.

UkuHamba nokufikeleleka

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isikali nokushukumisa ezo data, elingumnini ngoku (kwaye ngokumandla ubambe) umsebenzisi-ubunzima, iphezulu kakhulu. Kulo mzekelo, ekukhuseleni iinkcukacha azonelanga namhlanje. Kubalulekile ukuba kukhunjulwe ukuba ukufumaneka kolwazi enjalo kusoloko kusetyenziswa ngeenjongo ezilungileyo. Ngelishwa, amasiko yezentlalo yokuziphatha inkcazelo esetyenziswayo ikude lee egqibeleleyo. Kulo mba, kabukhali kuphakamisa umbuzo nje kuphela Ukuphandwa ngokufumaneka data, kodwa malunga nezithintelo zabo zabucala, ingakumbi kwiimeko apho ukufumaneka umntu uphazamisa amalungelo nemfihlo kwaye amalungiselelo omthetho ezibalulekileyo ezinxulumene ulwazi.

Ingxaki data ekhusini, uluntu lwale mihla

Omnye yemiqathango yokugcina ingasese isithuba nkcazelo ipropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda - kuthwelwe umthetho ilungelo ipropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda kunye nophuhliso iindlela zokukhusela ulwazi.

Ngokutsho nqaku 1228 of Code Civil, umbhali ngesiphumo komsebenzi enomgangatho yeyona ngummi ngomsebenzi wakhe wokudala wadala zawo. Umthetho impahla Intellectual ukuthembela imithetho yezomthetho enxulumene ulwazi bamisela ababhali abadla bodwa ukusebenzisa iziphumo umsebenzi ngokwasengqondweni kunye nobuchule ngokubona kwalo aza kuvumela okanye akwalele ukusebenzisa lwabo kwabanye.

Udidi copyright

Kwakhona, intellectual property kuquka amalungelo ezinxulumene copyright. Phakathi kwabo - amalungelo abasebenza ukusebenza, abavelisi phonogram, okanye imibutho zosasazo intambo, abavakalisi, abalimi database, amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo yoyilo mveliso, imifuziselo eluncedo, amagama orhwebo, iimpawu, iisimboli, iimpawu nkonzo.

impikiswano live

Okwangoku, ingxaki nokoyika SANDF zolwazi ngenxa yokuba ukhuseleko data, ngokuxhomekeka uphuhliso lobuchwepheshe zolwazi yanamhlanje, asikwazi kunikwa ngokupheleleyo. Umba intsonkothile hayi kuphela kuphuhliso iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-software, ebonelela ngamathuba elaneleyo lokwenza amakhonkco onxibelelwano nabanye ukuphanga. kubunzima ngamnye kukungabikho iikhrayitheriya ezicacileyo yokuqingqa umthetho yokhuseleko data. Phakathi iintlobo ukusetyenziswa okungekho mthethweni le software inokuchazwa ngokufumana mthethweni kunye nokuveliswa kwemveliso ulwazi. Protection Act Data nokuba, yaye omnye ngokuphathelene njenge impazamo copyright.

zokuzuza mthethweni

- Softlifting ( "ubusela cwaka") - yayikukufumana ikopi mvume ye-software nokufakela ngayo kwiikhompyutha ezininzi waphula imiqathango yesivumelwano mvume.

- Unlimited Client Access - ukuthenga umbutho onelayisensi software ukuba kufakwa ezikhompuyutheni enye okanye ngaphezulu (okanye luzakufakwa kumncedisi kwinani labaxhasi womnatha corporate), kodwa ufakelo ngqo yenkampani iseva kunye nokuvulwa unikezelo kuyo abasebenzisi ngaphezu ebalulwe kwilayisensi sivumelwano.

software Distribution

- Internet SANDF - ukubeka ezinye iimveliso software yorhwebo kwi-intanethi (ukuze nawuphi na umsebenzisi we web uyakwazi ukulayisha okanye bakope software), kwakunye nokufikelela evulekile pirated software (okanye ukuthengiswa ebanzi indawo network).

- Manga okanye ngomgunyathi - ibonelelwa ekhupha ikopi okungekho mthethweni software mvume (kule meko ikopi enjalo ilayisenisi ekhutshwe kunye egunyazisiweyo).

- ukukopisha olungekho software kwimidiya yangaphandle (disks, memory cards) ukwenzela usasazo (okanye ukuthengisa), kodwa lo mzekelo ikopi akasayi kukhutshelwa ngenxa yokuqala.

- Khuphela kunye nokuthengiswa iinxalenye software ukuphunyezwa agcina kunye yentsimbi (okanye izikhwebu ne ezinye iinkqubo).

- Ukuthengiswa iikhompyutha zobuqu efakiweyo ezingenayo.

- Ukusetyenziswa kwe-software non-ezorhwebo ukulungiselela iinjongo zorhwebo. software ezingeyomfuneko yathengwa mvume lemfundo okanye mvume kunye nokusetyenziswa ashishinayo (kulo mzekelo waphula imiqathango yelayisensi). Kweli nkxaso, zithunyelwe kumaziko emfundo, njengoko umthetho, izaphulelo ezikhethekileyo.

- Factory SANDF - ukuthengiswa Shicilela nookratya kunye "batshatyalaliswa" iyabaleka imveliso ye bezityalo. Olu hlobo SANDF lwenzeka xa isityalo uvelisa inani elikhulu leekopi imveliso, ngaphezu unelungelo (okanye kwimeko zokucima ethunyelweyo iintsalela). iimveliso ezifana azithathwa wathengisa kamva ngokungekho mthethweni.

isiseko ngokwasemthethweni wokhuseleko data technical

ukhuseleko Technical kwenkcazelo esekelwe migaqo ilandelayo:

- "Ukhuselo ukufikelela ngokungekho mthethweni kulwazi kunye nenkcazo-magama.". USihlalo ngesigqibo IKomishoni Technical Russian State (30.03.1992).

- "Automated Systems Technology Protection Ingcaciso kwimeko imvume yokungena inkqubo yokuhlela ezenzekelayo kunye neemfuneko zokhuseleko ulwazi ..." USihlalo ngesigqibo IKomishoni Technical Russian State (30.03.1992).

- "izixhobo zekhompyutha firewalls Khusela nxamnye izikhombisi yokhuseleko imvume yokungena nxamnye imvume yokungena ulwazi ...." USihlalo ngesigqibo IKomishoni Technical Russian State (25.07.1997).

- "ukhuseleko inkqubo yolwazi olunxulumene ufikelelo olungagunyaziswanga izixhobo zecomputer ukhuseleko neenkcukacha nokubekwa kolawulo engekho iimpawu undeclared ..." USihlalo ngesigqibo IKomishoni Technical Russian State (04.06.1999).

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ukhuseleko lobugcisa kolwazi okwangoku yakhiwe tenxileyo ngokusesikweni umsebenzi. Ngamanye amazwi, umntu lowo akanaso iindlela ezisesikweni zokusombulula namhlanje.

Okukodwa ngobunzima ekulungelelaniseni ukukhusela technical

- Inani elikhulu ekusetyenzwa phantsi kwazo zinefuthe nolwakhiwo yokhuseleko ulwazi olululo.

- Ubunzima ekumiseleni igalelo idata ngqo yoqobo.

- Ubunzima kwiindlela zemathematika ukufumana iziphumo elilelona idatha igalelo aggregate.

kwenkcazo ingqikelelo ingxaki bepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda

Esixhaswa umthetho umthetho kolwazi kunye namalungelo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda ukuze isebenze ngokwaneleyo. Ukongeza ubuqhetseba eziziziqalelo kukho abathile kwiimeko apho isisombululo lokulondolozwa eli lungelo ngokupheleleyo nje akunakwenzeka ngenxa ukungacaci yayo.

Ngokomzekelo, omnye imiba yingxaki ezibonakalisa imigangatho zomthetho ukukhusela ulwazi a yokuziphatha software engineering reverse (inkqubo yokuphila, sisamkela izitshixo, ukusetyenziswa algorithms kunye kumazwe angaphandle, kunye nezinye iinkcukacha zabucala). Kwelinye icala, isoftware zobunjineli umva isebenza njengesixhobo lemfundo luncedo, kwelinye - ithathwa njenge impazamo kwi khowudi software. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho lwazi malunga amalinge ukungqina enkundleni wihi utshutshiso zobunjineli umva. Ezi iingxabano ezinjalo ezingasonjululwanga ezintendelezweni, kwaye nje ukuba i imeko ayitshintshi, ingxoxo malunga semthethweni kunye zokuziphatha kuphuhliso software ingxelo kuza kuqhubeka.