Alexander Selkirk: ibhayografi emfutshane

Robinson Crusoe - umlinganiswa elibuntsomi kwincwadi Danielya Defo, eyapapashwa okokuqala ngowe-1719 lo msebenzi odumileyo Robinson ngumkhombe kwaye azifumana ekuyo phezu siqithi, lokusinda yedwa phambi kokudibana ngoLwesihlanu, omnye siqithi umhlali ulilolo.

Alexander Selkirk: biography

Imbali Defoe, Noko ke, isekelwe kumava obomi yokuveliswa matiloshe Scottish. Kwase of Robinson Crusoe, Alexander Selkirk (ifoto umfanekiso wakhe uvezwa kamva) wazalwa ngo-1676 kwidolophana encinane okuloba Lower Largo, e Fife, eSkotlani, kufuphi emlonyeni Firth of Phambili.

Yena ndoyike yi-boatswain enqanaweni "Sankey uye" iincwadi marque nesihloko ukuze lokuqubha ngo-1702-m. Abanikazi inqanawa ziye endalwamkelayo eNkosini Admiral corsair elilodwa lomenzi wechiza, ezivumela nje iinqanawa zabarhwebi ukuba bakwazi ukuzixhobisa for self-banqande iinqanawa angaphandle, kodwa enemvume uhlaselo phezu kwabo, ingakumbi abo aphaphazele iflegi zamazwe UK-utshaba. Enyanisweni, privateering akukho kwahluka SANDF - yokuphanga enye indlela ukufumana imali njenge yorhwebo eqhelekileyo maritime bayeka ngexesha lemfazwe.

Isiphelo "Sankey koko" kunxibelelene ngokusondeleyo nenye marque ngoku ikhokelwa ngu Captain "St George" William Dampier.

Le mvume ngenxa yokuphanga

Ngo-Epreli 1703 Dampier washiywa eLondon emantloko hambo, olu sapho lwaluquka iinqanawa ezimbini, owesibini ngokuba "udumo" yaye phantsi ngokomyalelo Captain etsala. Kodwa phambi kokuba iinqanawa abashiya Downs, abathetheli yaba zaphuma, yaye "Lodumo" ngomkhombe, eshiya i "St George" in yedwa. Dampier ngomkhombe e Kinsale, Ireland, yaye wahlangatyezwa with "Sankey Porus" phantsi ngokomlomo Pickering. Zombini iimpahla baye bagqiba ekubeni kundihlanganyela, kwaye isivumelwano esitsha lwagqitywa phakathi abathetheli bobabini.

Dampier ibithe yaqeshwa uThomas gada, ngoko wathumela uhambo ukuya kuLwandle South (Pacific Ocean) ukufumana ayiphange iinqanawa Spanish ezithutha ubutyebi. ngabathetheli ezimbini wavuma ukuba kudlulwe kunxweme yoMzantsi Melika wayithimba inqanawa iSpanish e Buenos Aires. Ukuba Abakhi-60 000 neekhilogram okanye ngaphezulu, hambo kwafuneka akanokubuya ngoko nangoko eNgilani. Kwimeko amaqabane ukusilela wayecebe kudlulwe yaseKapa Horn ukuhlasela iinqanawa Spanish zithwele igolide kwimigodi e Lima. Ukuba oku akwenzeki, kwavunyelwana ukuba kudlulwe ukuya emantla zama ukufaka i "Acapulco", Manila nqanawa, phantse sithwele ubuncwane.

uhambo yokugula-lombutho

hambo Privateering washiya Ireland ngoMeyi 1703, yaye njengoko sisusa izinto baqalisa ukuhamba kakuhle. Abathetheli kunye namalungu nqanawa bexabana kakhulu, yaye emva koko Pickering wagula waza wafa. Yena indawo yi Thomas Stradling. Ingxabano, Noko ke, akazange ayeke. Ukunganeliseki ngenxa izikrokro le nqanawa, ikapteni Dampier wayengekho izigqibo ngokwaneleyo ekwenzeni imigwebo ukuphanga buyadlula, kwaye, ngenxa yoko, elininzi kwimveliso ebilahlekile. Kwakhona kurhanelwa ukuba, emva uthumo lugqityiwe, wahamba nogxa wakhe Edward Morgan wayengafuni ukwabelana okuthinjiweyo nge nqanawa.

NgoFebruwari 1704 ngexesha wayeka kwisiqithi iqela Juan Fernandez "Sankey iye" bavukela yaye akazange abuyele ebhodini. Eli qela labuyela kuye enqanaweni emva kokuba ungenelelo lwe Captain Dampier. Ukwenza izinto mbi, iiseyile kunye nezixhobo sasala siqithi, emva kokuba iqela beat iyindawo ucaphula, ndibona umkhombe French. Njengoko siqhubeka ngomkhombe, Ukucoca kunye nokulungiswa neenqanawa, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthintela umonakalo iimpethu inqanawa iye yalahleka, kwaye inkundla yanika ukuba iqukuqele kungekudala. Ngelo xesha, ulwalamano phakathi amaqela amabini ziye zafikelela ngongoma, yaye ngoko ke ekuvunyelwene ukufikelela Gulf of Panama, wabahlula edliwe uhambe.

Zidale enqanaweni

NgoSeptemba 1704, "St George" ngomkhombe, yaye "Sankey iye" wabuyela Juan Fernandez kwiinzame ukubuyisela iiseyile zabo zokulawula iiseyile, kodwa wajika ukuba le nqanawa isiFrentshi wayithimba. Kulapha ukuba boatswain Alexander Selkirk neenkani, engafuni ukuya phambili. Waqonda ukuba imeko inqanawa leyo embi kangaka, kunye nobuhlobo bakhe Captain Stradling ixesha ukuba ukhetha ukuzama luck yabo ukuyohlala Mas-a-Tierra, omnye iziqithi hlali i Juan Fernández. Yena wasala ngompu, imela, izembe, i-oats kunye necuba, kwakunye iBhayibhile, iincwadi zonqulo, kunye nezixhobo ezininzi yokukhangela. Ngomzuzu wokugqibela Alexander Selkirk wacela ukuba kuye kwi bhodi, kodwa wala Stradling.

Ngenxa yoko ke kanti, nangona nxamnye nokuthanda kwakhe, umphefumlo wakho. Emva kokuhamba yokumpompoza Huana Fernandesa "ixesha Sankey kaThixo" uye waba namandla kangangokuba abasebenzi kwanyanzeleka ukuba bashiye nqanawa kunye nokudlulisela le ngolwandle. Wasinda oomatiloshe 18 kuphela abaye bakwazi ukufikelela kunxweme yoMzantsi Merika, apho kuthinjwa. BaseSpeyin kunye nabantu balapha ukuba babaphatha kakubi, yaye ngoko ke nqanawa wafakwa entolongweni.

Alexander Selkirk: Island ophilayo

Kufuphi nonxweme wafumana umqolomba apho ubomi, kodwa kwiinyanga zokuqala kwaba Ndiyazoyika lodwa yaye ubulolo ukuba esendlini elunxwemeni, ukutya a saselwandle esineqokobhe. Alexander Selkirk - kwase ka Robinson Crusoe - namhla ehleli elunxwemeni, Nijonge ngomqukumbelo ngethemba ukubona umkhombe, ekwakumele ukuba kusindiswa yena. Wayekhe nelalicinga ngokuzibulala.

izandi Strange evela ezinzulwini siqithi, bethuka kuye, kwabonakala ukuba ukubhomboloza neenkomo gazi zasendle. Enyanisweni, bapapasha nemithi yawa umoya onamandla. Ngengqiqo ka Selkirk weza kuphela xa yathinjwa elunxwemeni amakhulu yeengonyama yolwandle. Kwakukho abantu abaninzi kangaka, yaye omkhulu eyoyikisayo, ukuba akazange abe nobuganga ukuya elunxwemeni, apho umthombo kuphela impilo yakhe.

Ngethamsanqa, le ntlambo izele neziyokozela kwezityalo kufutshane, emithini ingakumbi ikhaphetshu namasundu, eyaba ngomnye imithombo yakhe iphambili ukutya. Ngaphezu koko, Selkirk wafumanisa ukuba isiqhithi eso wawuhlala iibhokhwe ezininzi zasendle, mhlawumbi wemka khona iipirate. Ekuqaleni, yena bamfuna kubo ephethe umpu, yaye emva koko, xa wagqiba wompu, wafunda ukubamba ngezandla zakho. Ekugqibeleni, uAlex zimbalwa ezifuywayo waza wondla inyama yazo kunye nobisi.

Khombo lesiqithi baba iimpuku kakhulu neengcwangu ukuba unomkhwa ezilumayo izandla zakhe neenyawo zakhe, ngoxa wayelele. Ngethamsanqa, kwisiqithi iikati zasendle waphila. Selkirk ziyadanjiswa thile, kwaye ebusuku bamngqonga ukhuko lwakhe, ukukhusela kusuka namabuzi.

ithemba illusive

Alexander Selkirk waphupha wosindiso kunye yonke imihla nibheke iseyile, wazilumeka izibane, kodwa kwathatha iminyaka emininzi phambi kokuba iinqanawa batyelela Cumberland Bay. Nangona kunjalo, lo tyelelo lokuqala wayengekafiki njengoko wayelindele.

SiTyh, Alex wabalekiselwa ibhanki ukuba umqondiso iinqanawa ezimbini wawisa zibambelela kude nonxweme. Ngesiquphe waqonda ukuba Spanish! Ekubeni England ne Spain impi, Selkirk azi Lwaluza ekuthinjweni ezimanyumnyezi ngaphezu kokufa, ziyahlelwa njengekhoboka kumgodi yetyuwa. Itheko search afike, wabakhangela "Robinson", waqalisa Ukuba batole kuye de wagidima, wabazimela. Xa Ekugqibeleni, abantu baseSpeyin bayeka ukufuna yaye kungekudala bashiya siqithi. ekuthinjweni wasinda, uAlex wabuyela neekati zakhe kakhulu nobubele kunye neebhokhwe.

usindiso happy

"Robinson" kwisiqithi wahlala yedwa iminyaka emine oneenyanga ezine. Yena wahlangulwa ngomnye ligqabhuke ekhokelwa ngu Captain Woods Rogers. Xa log inqanawa yakhe, nto leyo yakhokelela ngeli hambo edumileyo, Rogers wachaza mzuzu yosindiso Selkirk ngoFebruwari 1709.

"Safika kwisiqithi Juan Fernandez 31 Januwari. Restock, sahlala apho de Februwari 13. Kwi siqithi, asifumananga mntu Aleksandra Selkirka, yaseScotland ababesele khona Captain Stradling, kunye Captain Dampier e uhambo lwakhe lokugqibela, yaye ngoobani abasindayo iminyaka emine neenyanga ezine, kungabikho namnye umphefumlo ophilileyo, athe akwazi ukuthetha; kwaye akukho satellite enye, ngaphandle iibhokhwe zasendle. "

Enyanisweni, Selkirk, nangona wedwa wakhe zinyanzelwe, kwafuneka ndicenge ukuba wafika wakhwela njengoko sifundile ukuba phakathi ukuhlangulwa wakhe uhambo uyagula-lombutho Umyaleli "Sankey ngoko" kwaye ngoku enguvulindlela enqanaweni Vudsa Rodzher Dampier. Ekugqibeleni, yena ndeyisekile ukuba aphume siqithi, waza wamiselwa umncedisi kwi inqanawa Rogers "Duke". Kunyaka olandelayo, emva kokuba kuthinjwe inqanawa Spanish mfono Senora de la Incarnacion Disenganio, ukuthutha igolide, umatiloshe Alexander Selkirk yaveliswa boatswains ezintsha ngenqanawa uhambo, uqambe "Bachelor".

ukubuya

Swimming Woods Rogers yaphela ngo-1711 ukufika iThames. Kwase of Robinson Crusoe, Alexander Selkirk ekubuyeni kwakhe yaziwa ngokubanzi. Noko ke, wamenywa ukuba anike ubungqina xa kuxoxwa enkundleni ngokuchasene William Dampier Elizabet Kresvell, intombi umnini kwiphulo yokuqala, kuba ilahleko ezenziweyo ngo-1703.

Emva koko, "Robinson" enqanaweni zabarhwebi ku Bristol, apho wayemise khona ityala lokuhlasela. Mhlawumbi Wabekwa bezisa abaxhasi Dampier, kodwa kunjalo ke entolongweni iminyaka emi-2.

Alexander Selkirk, nomatiloshe kunye privateer Robinson, bafela elwandle 1721.