Afakwe - yintoni na le nto? Russian afakwe ubuchule

Othengisa art babeyithanda njalo. Kwaye hayi kangako ngenxa yeendleko enkulu izinto ezisetyenziswayo, kodwa ngenxa anekhono ukubulawa okanye afakwe izacholo yobuciko iimveliso kwithekhinoloji yonyango yokuluka. Olunye uhlobo le ndlela yeyona afakwe.

Afakwe nokuba afakwe?

Enyanisweni, la magama mabini aya kumisela into efanayo. Kuphela lokuqala - lweenkobe Russian - ". Bajije kumsonto" kuthetha "bajije", Okwesibini - imvelaphi yaseYurophu, okanye mandithi yesiLatini, livela elithi "ngentambo" yaye "okuziinkozo".

Ngoko afakwe - yindlela ethile ukwenza amanqaku bafaniswe of wire ezingcakacileyo, elisuke amatye anqabileyo (isilivere, platinum, igolide). Yabanye, kakhulu nje, ucingo yeebhutsi.

Ukuba bahombise ezi mveliso adla ngokusetyenziswa ebizwa-ngokuba imbewu - iibhola ezincinane. Kananjalo Benza zesinyithi anqabileyo - isilivere, negolide.

Imvelaphi afakwe

Ngoko ayimangalisi, kodwa zivela kumaxesha amandulo, uyaqhuba zisetyenziswe langoku phantse ngendlela efanayo. Kuphosakele ukucinga ukuba afakwe (afakwe) yokuqala ukuvela eRashiya yamandulo. Oku akunjalo. Monuments kwiinkulungwane 6-4 BC. e., endingowakhe eGrisi, iYiputa, zibonise izinga eliphezulu kolu hlobo ubucwebe art. Nangona kunjalo, indlela umzobo ukufumana ucingo akwaziwa kumaxesha amandulo. Kwenziwe ukususela ngentsimbi bar sifuna ipolishi. ERashiya, afakwe umzobo saka ngenkulungwane ye-10. Ehlabathini xesha lwaqalisa kusetyenziswa Scania iimveliso iinkozo. Kwaye kuphela 15-16 kwiinkulungwane th, kule khosi baya izinto ezahlukeneyo kunene: lwawo, amatye anqabileyo, imithi.

ukuloba Russian

Afakwe ku Russia yaMandulo - uhlobo lwekhadi ishishini yantlandlolo Russian izacholo art. Le ndlela isetyenziswa ngokubanzi lokwenza kuphela nezacholo, kodwa kwakhona impahla ibandla, imivuzo iincwadi ezingcwele kunye icon, izixhobo, izinto zasekhaya. Umzekelo, nkqu afakwe ahombise izihlangu Morocco.

Ngenkulungwane ye-17 kwavulwa eRashiya, iindibano zocweyo, leyo Sizibandakanye wire kwimveliso (ucingo ishishini umzobo). Kwaye godlo, amafa amahle koomasifundisane evulekileyo apho italente lenene asebenza case afakwe. iinkosi odumileyo ukuba kuyiwe kwimithombo yemihla xesha ukubiza Ivan Fomin kunye Ambrose.

Afakwe - yinto imveliso eninzi kakhulu, nto leyo zazifumaneka kuphela kubantu abazizityebi. Ngapha koko, ukuba umsebenzi manual ubuthathaka, efuna inkosi yamava iminyaka ezingasetyenziswanga, apho kukho eyayinaso.

Amaxesha ukuchuma ukuhla

Xa Kwiinkulungwane 18-19 afakwe Rus bajamelene ixesha lokudubula kweentyatyambo. Uluhlu lwemveliso ezenziwe kwimizobo izacholo, uhlala ukwandisa. Oomasifundisane kuvela emizini ezininzi, yaye kungekudala Walungisa ukuveliswa mveliso yeemveliso afakwe.

Ukuqala kwenkulungwane yama-20, ngenxa yezizathu ezicacileyo, kwaba ixesha ukuhla - iimfazwe, neziphithiphithi ... Kakade ke, akubanga ukuya ngobugcisa othengisa ngayo.

Nangona kunjalo, oku kwakhona zavuselelwa Soviet Russia. Kwaye kangangoko babawa ingqalelo ehlabathini lonke. Ngowe-1937 at umboniso eParis, iimveliso yeenkosi ukusuka efama "Krasnoselsky ingcibi" wafumana imbasa yegolide, kwaye baboniswa kwi umboniso New York (1939).

Kwakhona kakhulu imveliso yeenkosi ukusuka kwidolophana Kazachkova (Nizhny Novgorod mmandla), kwilali Mstera (kummandla Vladimirovskaya), isixeko Privolzhsk (kummandla Ivanovo).

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, kuya kuba imveliso ifektri bayifaka nezacholo e Moscow, iLeningrad kunye nezinye izixeko.

Types afakwe ubucwebe

Kuxhomekeka kwindlela ukusungulwa iimveliso afakwe zoba iintlobo ezintathu. Le afakwe ngesinyithi soldered phezu ipateni otyhidiweyo zeendawana le wire.

Isiseko openwork afakwe engekho, iipateni ngocingo ukuba yesondo omnye komnye, kwaye umtya sisinyithi ifunyenwe. It openwork afakwe aphesheya idla ngokuba afakwe Russian.

Uhlobo lwesithathu - bahlolwa umthamo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le imveliso equka ungamalungu amaninzi. Ngoko ke ezi izitho ubuchule afakwe kakhulu kwenziwa ngokwahlukeneyo zaza ndawonye. Kusenokuba, umzekelo, imifanekiso yezinto zezilwanyana, yetreyi, ivazi, umnini ikomityi. Afakwe unika ezi mveliso ekulungisweni nentsusa.

Materials ukuze afakwe

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo kwakukholelwa ukuba ukuze ilingane best afakwe isiliva kunye negolide. Ezi amanene iintsimbi ukungcola ethambileyo kwaye kungekho lula shi wire. Umzekelo, ngomsonto enokuthi yenziwe ukususela 1 gram zegolide iya kuba uMaSukude 2500 eemitha.

Kodwa ke, iimveliso afakwe, apho zifumaneka amatye anqabileyo zibiza kakhulu, ngoko waqalisa ukusebenzisa ezinye izinto ukulungiselela ukuncitshiswa yabo ngexabiso.

Ngokuyintloko copper, kuba uye ductility ephakamileyo ukuthamba. Ukongeza, ngomsonto sobhedu kulula ukuba isilivere okanye igolide yaba zizixwexwe ezicekethekileyo.

Isetyenziswa aluminium, cupronickel, nobhedu kunye nezinye izinto ezithile zesinyithi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuze abe nako ukutsala bemke wire ojingayo. Emva afakwe - yimveliso eyenziwa iipateni wire.

ubuchule afakwe kudinga ikhono

Eneneni, inkosi skanschik nganye unamaqhinga yalo kurhwebo. Nangoku, xa kwakukho ukuveliswa mveliso yeemveliso ezinjalo, umyinge umsebenzi wezandla ihlala phezulu. Yaye inkosi, yi artist yokuluka kuxhomekeka kumgangatho yimalini kwaye kuya kuba yinto emnandi, wenza afakwe indlela.

Ububanzi locingo ukuba izinto ezahlukeneyo imveliso, ubuninzi kunye nokwakhiwa ice nkqi, ubude wire eluvundwini ... iimfihlelo ezininzi enkosini nganye. Noko ke, izigaba ezingundoqo umsebenzi kuhlala ingatshintshanga. Ekuvelisweni kwayo ngocingo ngokwabo ukuba bayeke akukho mfuneko. Afakwe - isekhona ngqo, eli nqaku, okanye ukudala imisebenzi yobugcisa.

Ukuhlela ucingo balo babulingana nesandla, inkosi ilenze okanye ushiye ezigudileyo - konke oku kuxhomekeke imveliso, apho aqale emsebenzini. Hi ndlela leyi, phambi kokuba uqale oko, kufuneka wenze sketch of a iimveliso opheleleyo. Umsebenzi olwenziwe iqhekeza ngasinye ngokwahlukeneyo. Bajije ngokungqongqo umzobo. izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezifana forceps zisetyenziselwa iminwe ezincinane nezinkulu samba kubeko lobuhlobo. Xa amalungu iipatheni open-msebenzi njo kuqala mzobo, uze emva koko ngesinyithi kunye. Paper on apho thumbnail itshile ngexesha ngelotha, okubangela kuphela imveliso kuhlala.

afakwe ngesinyithi kanye zixhonywe zeendawana metal.

inkqubo lokugqibela iba izinto zesilivere ngumfanekiswana nezokucoca yayo.

ukupha ukuziqambela

Ukunika imveliso bayifaka ngokuphuma, esebenzisa izixhobo ezizodwa.

Eyokuqala - kukusetyenziswa zengqolowa, iibhola ezincinane. Bona sele soldered kwi mveliso ogqityiweyo kwi elitywinwe walungisa ngokukhethekileyo. Kwangoko inike izinto lobuhle nokubabhaqa.

Nkqu ezinomdla kakhulu kuya kukunceda wenze afakwe mobile. Yintoni na? ipateni ngemizobo isicelo ukuya nqaku, wafefa tin ingxubevange, ikopolo, ilothe, isalfure, isiliva. Ke adubula yenziwa, eli hlokondiba zanyibilika, kwaye ipateni igcwele ngalo mxube.

Ayikwazi andithanga ndikukhumbule ayibobuchule ezifana enamelling. Isebenzisa ubunzima vitreous, nto leyo ehlanganiswa kwimveliso. Wayesebenzisa yahluke gqitha namhlanje. Eyona umdla, mhlawumbi, ayiqabe, benjenjalo ukumemeza lwawo. Iimpawu afakwe kunye inks ezinemibala, ezo elibekwa ukudubula.

Okokugqibela, abo bafuna ukuthenga izinto real afakwe, kusenokuba kuhle badla ukuya izivatho mboniso ekhethekileyo. Kukho iindidi endilisekileyo kunye Ungafumana imisebenzi ngokwenene vutshila afakwe.