Abaqambi abadumileyo baseRashiya kunye nehlabathi

Inkcubeko yomculo yehlabathi yaphuhliswa kwiminyaka emininzi. Elinye leendawo ezikhokelayo kulo lihlala kwisikolo sikazwelonke saseRashiya. Le ncwadana isisigxina, ngenxa yokuba abaninzi abaqambi beRussia bayazixabisa kwaye banamhlanje kwihlabathi lonke. Abaqambi beRussia abaziwayo, ngenxa yemisebenzi yabo, bazukisa ilizwe labo, kwaye baba nefuthe ngqo kwizontanga zabo zangaphandle.

Inxalenye ethile yembali

Ukukhula kwezomculo zomculo waseRashiya kuwela ngekhulu leshumi elinesibhozo. Eli xesha libhekwa njengelona xesha litshintsha kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi isikolo somqambi wokuqala waseRashiya sibonakala, izithethe ezisemgangathweni zomculo zenziwe. Ngokumalunga neentlobo, ubunzima obunzima kakhulu baphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza: i-opera, i-choral kunye nomculo we-instrumental. Nangona kunjalo, uhlobo oluphambili lufanele lucatshangelwe njenge-opera, kwaye ngeli xesha ludumile nje kuphela kubaqambi baseRussia, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe. E-Rashiya, i-opera, ngokungafani nakwamanye amazwe, yenziwe ngefomu eqondakalayo, efikelelekayo, i-laconic neyoqobo, ngokusekelwe kubantu. Ngaphandle kwayo, umculo womculo we-choral uqhubekile, ngokuqinisekileyo uhambisane nomsebenzi ngamnye. Kule nqaku awunakufumana ulwazi olumnandi kuphela, kodwa neefoto zabaqambi abaziwayo.

Ngeshumi elinesibhozo

Kule nqanaba, abaqambi beRussia abaqaqambileyo babonakala, omnye wabo nguDmitry Bortniansky. Ndiyabulela kuye, umculo waseRussia wamkela izithethe ezintsha kunye nemikhwa, kwintlobo yekonsti ye-choral, umzekelo. Wayeyaziwayo ngenxa yesimo sakhe sokusebenza - izinto ezidibeneyo zeetunes zasendulo kunye nezithandabuzo zanamhlanje. Unako ukucebisa nayiphi na, nokuba yinto elula kakhulu, kwaye iguqule ibe yinto eyingqayizivele ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kobuhlanga, ukusetyenziswa okuhlukeneyo kwe-choral, ubuchule obuphambili befowuni. Kukwafanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba umqambi wasebenza enkundleni yokubethela inkundla kwaye wayenempembelelo enkulu kwindlela yakhe yokwenza, kunye nabaqambi abaninzi abadumile baseRashiya. Amakhonsathi amaninzi adumile e-choral kaDmitry Bortnyansky athi "Musa ukundishiya ngexesha lokuguga" kunye nekonsathi ye-choral No. 33.

Mikhail Glinka

Abaqambi beRussia abaziwayo baqala ukuvela kwikhulu leshumi elinesibhozo, kodwa ngokwenene imilambo yomculo wesiRashiya yangempela yafika ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi elinesibhozo. Uthetha, okokuqala, kunye noMikhail Ivanovich Glinka. Nguye lo mqambi owavula ixesha elitsha lomlando kumculo. Impumelelo yayo eyona nto yayiyikutshintshwa kwezinto eziphambili zeklasi. UGlinka wasebenza, ungatsho, kuzo zonke iintlobo zomculo, wabhala ii-operas, usebenzela i-orchestra ye-symphonic, iziqwenga zepiyano, ezininzi iingoma kunye neengoma zomculo, kwaye izinto zakhe zokudalwa kwee-chamber ziyaziwa. Inxaxheba entsha kuMikhail Ivanovich iphakamileyo kakhulu, abaqambi abaninzi abadumileyo bazama ukufanisa indlela yakhe ekhethekileyo. UGlinka wayeyiqonda ngokucacileyo ubuzwe, kubonakaliswe kakuhle kwi-opera "Ivan Susanin". Umqambi owaziwayo kunye nendlela yakhe ekhethekileyo kwingoma yamazwe, ngokuqhelekileyo kwimisebenzi wayesebenzisa ingoma kunye nokuhluka. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba abaninzi abaqambi abadumileyo babhala imisebenzi efanayo phambi koMikhail Glinka, kodwa uthathwa njengomsekeli we-opera yesizwe yaseRussia. Iyona edume kakhulu ngexesha lethu yimisebenzi kaRuslan noLyudmila no-Ivan Susanin.

Alexander Dargomyzhsky

Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, inzululwazi yentlalo ephakamileyo eqhubekayo eRashiya, ubuqili obunzima bukhula ngokugqithiseleyo , oku kukuxhalabisayo kokubili ubugcisa kunye nomculo. UAlexander Sergeevich Dargomyzhsky wayengummeli wakhe, isimboli esiyingqayizivele - ukungqinelana kwamanye amazwe. Njengabaninzi bexesha lakhe, nabaqambi abayaziwayo, waqhubeka nezithethe kunye nemigqaliselo eyenziwe nguMikhail Glinka, kodwa wazisa ezinye izinto ezivela phambili, ngeli gama wagxininisa indlela yakhe ecacileyo. Enye yeempumelelo ezinkulu zika-Alexander Sergeevich yi-opera "I-Mermaid". Ubungqina balo, okokuqala, bukho kwi nyaniso yokuba lo ngowokuqala kwisikolo saseRashiya esikolweni somculo we-opera kunye nengqungquthela yezengqondo usebenzisa ukuphuhlisa ukuphela kokuphela. Kubalulekile ukuba phantse zonke izakhi ezintsha ziboniswe kwiimifanekiso ze-choral, zibonakaliswa ngomsindo kwaye ezinye ziyafana noluhlobo oludumile lweedolophu. Kwakhona i-opera yokuqala apho iimifanekiso zemizi zisekuqaleni-ezi ngabantu abaqhelekileyo beentlobo ezahlukeneyo zentlalo, kunye neengcamango eziyimfihlo. Omnye umsebenzi owaziwayo waseDargomyzhsky yiqela lokubhala igama elithi "iPetersburg serenades".

Abaqambi abadumileyo, "oMandla oMandla"

Kubaluleke kakhulu eli xesha. Ukuphela kweyeshumi elineshumi elinesibhozo kunye neyeshumi elinesibini kwaba ngenye yezona zigaba ezibalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni inkcubeko yaseRashiya. Kwakuye ngeli thuba abaqambi bomculo abadumile badala i-modern "familiar Mighty Hand". Leli qela lenze igalelo elibalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kwesikolo somculo wesizwe saseRussia. Kwaye akumangalisi loo nto. Emva koko, kwakuquka abaqambi abadumiweyo, NjengoModest Petrovich Mussorgsky, u-Alexander Porfirievich Borodin, u-Nikolai Andreevich uRimsky-Korsakov, uMiliy Alekseevich uBalakirev noCesar Antonovich Cui. Ngokuba ubuchule babo bubonakaliswe utshintsho oluphawulekayo lwendlela yokulolu hlobo lwe-opera, ngokubaluleka kakhulu kubandakanyekile kwidrama yembali, kunye neengqungquthela zesiganeko.

Nangona ukuba yonke imisebenzi yabo, ngokusemthethweni, yayijolise ekugcineni izithethe ezizodwa zeAlexander Dargomyzhsky kunye noMikhail Glinka, zanezela ngeenguqu ezininzi neenguqulelo, ezathi zenze ukuba ziqhamuka ngaphandle kweRashiya.

Othobekileyo uMoussorgsky

U-Mussorgsky nguye umsekeli wesikhokelo esicwangcisiweyo ngokusesikweni kwisikolo sase-Russian classic opera. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwakufaniswa noRubinstein. Bakha isalathiso somdlalo womculo. Umsebenzi wakhe okhunjulwayo uyakhunjulwa kwakhona kukuba imisebenzi isebenzise izixhobo ezikhethekileyo njengendlela entsha yokubonisa umculo esetyenziswe ukubonisa umfanekiso wabantu, ukwahlula i-choir kunye nokwahlula amazwi athile ekubunjweni kwayo, ngokuqhelekileyo usebenzisa iincwadi zokubhaliweyo zeengxoxo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba izikrini ze-choral zihle kakhulu. Ukulandela ukutyekela okukhethekileyo kweDargomyzhsky, u-Mussorgsky wasebenzisa iziganeko ezifanayo zokuphuhliswa komnqamlezo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphumelela komqambi akukhawulelwanga kuphela kwi-opera uhlobo, wayephethe ngokugqibeleleyo ukuqhutyelwa kweengoma zomculo, iingqungquthela ezizimeleyo kunye neengqungquthela zefowuni enkulu, kunye neefowuni zomculo. Eyona nto idume kakhulu kwixesha lethu yiinkalo zomqambi uKhovanshchina noBoris Godunov. Siyabonga kubo, u-Modest Petrovich waqatshelwa ngabaqambi abaninzi abadumileyo behlabathi.

USergey Rachmaninov

Omnye wabaqambi abathandwayo bekhulu lama-20 eRussia ngokufanelekileyo unokubhekwa njengoSergei Vasilyevich Rachmaninov. Kwimisebenzi yakhe wayibonisa ngokucacileyo indima yomculo. Umthombo omkhulu wokuphefumlelwa komqambi kwakuxhamla iingoma zabantu baseRussia, kunye neenkcubeko zasendulo. Umgaqo oyintloko womsebenzi wakhe unokuthiwa ukunyaniseka, ukubonakalisa ngokuthe ngqo iimvakalelo kunye nokuhamba ngokufanelekileyo komfanekiso wobomi. Uhlobo oluphambili kakhulu lomqambi lwaluyimisebenzi yezwi kunye nomculo. Banikezwa ubunzulu obungokwemvelo kwengqondo kunye nengqiqo yefilosofi. Eyaziwayo kwixesha lethu i-cantata "Spring" kunye ne "Bells". Ngokwendlela, lo mbhalo ulungelelwano, kubonga ngabaqambi abadumileyo behlabathi baphefumulelwe ukuba babhale zabo zobugcisa . BabenguSergei Prokofiev, uDmitry Shostakovich, uGeorgy Sviridov. Kwakhona nangu-composer waseSoviet ongumdumi uYury Shaporin.

Uninzi lweemvumi ziyazixabisa kwaye zixabisa umsebenzi we-piano owenziwa nguSergei Vasilievich Rachmaninov, i-preludes yakhe kunye nezifundo zihle kakhulu, enye yezona zinto ziqhelaniswe kakhulu kwi-konsathi "i-Elegy" eyaziwayo.

Ngezantsi ungabona isithotho sokuqala. Akunabo abaninzi abaqambi be-Soviet abaziwayo, kodwa babe nefuthe elikhulu kumasiko omculo waseRashiya. Phakathi kwabo nguDmitry Shostakovich, Andrey Eshpai, uRoonon Shchedrin, uAlexandra Pakhmutova.

Abaqambi abaziwayo behlabathi. UWolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Ukuba sithetha ngabaculi abadumileyo kwihlabathi, owokuqala owakuthiwa uyakhumbula, u-Mozart. Umqambi wazalwa eSalzburg, waqala ukudlala kakhulu, enyanisweni, kwiminyaka eyi-6 sele sele ehambele kwaye enika amakhonsathi. Kukho uluvo lokuba le nkwenkwe yayinentetho evelele, kunye nenkumbulo. UWolfgang Amadeus Mozart wadlala i-violin, ipiyano, i-organ kunye ne-harpsichord, nayo yayinezakhono eziphezulu kakhulu zokuqhuba kunye nobuchule bokuphucula i-virtuosic improvisation. Abaqambi abaninzi beklasikhi, abaziwa ngemisebenzi yabo yokuqala, bafuna ukuxelisa indlela ekhethekileyo yeMozart. Ngethuba lethu, imisebenzi eyaziwayo kakhulu iquka ii-operas "Umtshato we-Figaro" kunye ne "Magic Flute", kunye ne "Requiem" ebalulekileyo.

Abaqambi baseFransi: uGeorges Bizet

Abaqambi abadumileyo baseFrance ngexesha lethu baninzi kakhulu. Omnye obalaseleyo nguGeorge Bizet - ummeli oyingqayizivele wexesha lokuthandana. Wabhala inani elikhulu lemisebenzi ye-orchestral, i-romance kunye neziqwenga zepiyano. Nangona kunjalo, edume kakhulu, kwaye, mhlawumbi, uhlobo oluyimpumelelo kakhulu apho umqambi asebenza khona yi-opera. Ewe, ininzi edumileyo "yiCarmen" engalingani. Enye, engaziwayo, kodwa akukho mpu melelo eyayiyi-opera "Abafuna iParearl".

Ekugqibeleni, iingoma zabaculi abadumiweyo be-classic eRashiya nakwihlabathi jikelele, kunye nepiyano yabo kunye neendalo zengoma, zisaziwa namhlanje. Ngokuqhelekileyo imisebenzi enjalo isandile kumakhonsathi, kwiTV kwiifilimu nakwiintengiso. Oku kubonisa ukuba isiqhelo somculo, ekugqibeleni sithole ukusikwa esitsha, sisakhumbula ezo zithethe zamasiko ezazisungulwa ngabaqambi abadumileyo.