Zolondolozo Bank kunye nokudaleka. zolondolozo bank olugunyazisiweyo kwaye izinga

Ngokufika kwe-Central Bank kunye nophuhliso koovimba ulawulo zemali neebhanki zorhwebo ziye zasekwa kumgangatho karhulumente, ngokunjalo namaziko ngetyala. Ngenxa yabo ilawulwa ubuninzi ehambelana iintsalela (replacement) akhawunti okanye iimeko yokugaya abasebenzi babo. Makhe siqwalasele ngakumbi oko kubandakanya zolondolozo zebhanki enyanzelekileyo.

Overview

oovimba Bank ukuqinisekisa ukufumaneka kwemali uphumezo kakuhle izinyanzelo yentlawulo enxulumene intlawulo yesibambiso ngamnye kunye zokuhlala kunye namanye amaziko zemali. Ngamanye amazwi, benza njengoko njengesiqinisekiso. Amalungiselelo kufuneka zigcinwe ngendlela imali ezinkozo njengoko iidiphozithi kwi Central Bank okanye ngohlobo lwamaphepha ukukhusela iimfanelo.

izidingo

Namhlanje, phantse onke amazwe kunye kwezomnotho wangena loovimba ezifunekayo le bhanki. Ukusebenza kwalo mgaqo zemboleko mali isixhobo kwaqinisekisa kunye nophando ezisisiseko, kunye nokwenza ngamazwe. ERashiya, ezona mfuno zisezantsi isebenze njengomthombo imbuyiselo yezibophelelo ukuba abatyalwayo kunye iimali xa ukurhoxiswa kwelayisenisi lwequmrhu ukwenza imisebenzi. Nto ithetha ukuba, nibuyisele ababandakanya zolondolozo yebhanki engundoqo, kakuhle kulawulwa. Ubuncinane mfuno becala isetyenziswa-sikhokelo ezingummiselo zemali mboleko ekusombululeni iingxaki ixesha elide ukuze uzinzise Ukubolekisa imali kunye ekulweni kwamaxabiso. Esi sixhobo lisebenza izinga limiter lokukhula supply imali kunye nolawulo lwemfuno ezibhankini koovimba. Injongo yayo ethile enikwe umMiselo №342. Ukungqinelana inkcazelo kulo mthetho, isicelo yesi sixhobo yenza ulawulo amatyala jikelele isakhiwo zokubhankisha RF. Control iingqimba imali ikhutshwa phandle ngokunciphisa lingabali imali.

injongo ephambili

Ukuziqhelisa, imisebenzi kumaziko zemali usoloko unomngcipheko yokuba ilahleko ezingacwangciswanga. Akukho ziko omzimba kubo yi-100%. Kulo mba, ngexesha ukusebenza kunye nolawulo lomngcipheko iziko mali ngamnye kufuneka aqinisekise ukuyilwa yovimba yebhanki. Ukuqinisekisa umbutho wabo ukuthembeka kufuneka udale imali ezahlukeneyo, lwemali eza kusetyenziswa ekuhlawuleni ilahleko kungenzeka. Inkqubo, njengako apho ukubunjwa yenziwa kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwazo okwalandela kwiimeko ezininzi lusekiwe imithetho CB. Ixabiso notsalo Inzuzo phambi kotsalo lilawulwa nguMthetho irhafu. Imali Ubuncinane loovimba esekwe iibhanki i Central Bank. Njengoko yokusebenza ibonisa, ukusetyenziswa "reserve" kufanelekile ukuba kukho imfuneko injongo yokunciphisa isibonelelo semali ejikeleza ngaphandle kweBhanki (ukuba amise okanye ukulawula ukukhula) ukuze kuthintelwe "nobushushu" kwezoqoqosho, ukuba ukuze kuphunyezwe le njongo kukuba ukusebenzisa obolekisayo uxhotyiso olunyiniweyo amaziko zemali ngokusebenzisa kukuyeka kubo ipesenti ethile inxaxheba kuthetha (mhlawumbi ukwandisa le nxalenye). Kulo kulandela ukuba Bank of Russia - amanzi ithetha amaziko zemali yande njengoko needipozithi imfuno, ekufuneka ngaphandle naluphi.

ngezigaba

Oovimba Banks, ngokubanzi, enye nenjongo - ukuze kubuyekezelwe kusenokwenzeka iindleko kunye nelahleko, xa kukho imfuneko. Noko ke, ukuba zohlulwa ngokwendidi. Ngenxa yoko, indawo egciniweyo esemthethweni sisixhobo ngawo ukutshintsha amatyala kakuhle kwenkqubo. Isetyenziswa yi-Central Bank ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulawula ngokunciphisa ukuqokelela imali kwiibhanki zorhwebo. Le ndlela amagunya lokubolekisa amandla kwiinkampani zemali kwaye igcina kwinqanaba elithile isibonelelo semali ejikeleza. Xa umongo wayo, oovimba mandatory - oku kuthetha ukuba iibhanki zorhwebo kufuneka sihlale kunye Central Bank. Benza njengoko mali yesiqinisekiso-mali, nto leyo eqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwi yokwenza izibophelelo kubathengi babo. Ezo oovimba iibhanki azikho kakhulu ngokomdla bombutho. Baya bakhonza njengesixhobo se-nkqubo wesizwe lawulo wemali. Ukuba ulwelo kakhulu, le asethi ayikwazi zisetyenziswe ngamaziko zemali ngokupheleleyo kunye ukubonakala iimeko ezimbi. Umzekelo, ukuba iziko sele iqalile ukuphuma mali abagcinisa ', ebekwe bucala zingasetyenziswa kuphela phakathi norm lusekiwe.

Foundation

Oku owawuboniswa njengenxenye equity lisekwa ezitsalwa yonyaka evela kwingeniso. ingxowa-mali ebekelwe bucala ukuze kugubungela ilahleko kwinkqubo yeziko zemali. Kwakhona wadala ukwandisa capital nesabelo kulo. Ulwabiwo olumisiweyo ezimiselwe kwintlanganiso yoosozabelo. Ixabiso lingaba mhlawumbi phakathi nesixa ikomkhulu ogunyazisiweyo. lweshishini Financial unelungelo aphake imali kwingxowa-mali reserve kuphela xa kukho inzuzo. Ngoko ukugqitywa kwalo olwenziwe yokwanda asethi net. Le ngxowa-mali oluhlala imali efunyenwe liziko yemali ngendlela eqhelekileyo yoshishino. Ukufeza ukudluliselwa iingeniso-mali, umbutho logcino inika ukusetyenziswa esisixa-asethi zayo kuphela kumacala ezithile. Eyona kubo kuphuma ilahleko ngeso lenyama.

oovimba Bank ukulahleka mboleko kungenzeka

indalo yazo ibangelwa umngcipheko yeentengo zemboleko ezinokuvela kule khosi eqhelekileyo yoshishino. malungiselelo kwenza kube lula ukuba ukuthintela kunyuka ingeniso xa ebhala off ilahleko kwi-mboleko. Ngenxa yoko kukho nefuthe mali eyinkunzi. Ukwenziwa ibekiweyo iphuma iminikelo, ezo nkcitho mboleko nganye. Ezi mali zisetyenziselwa kuphela layigubungela eseleyo imbopheleleko oyintloko. Ngenxa kula zolondolozo wenza sibhalele-zibekho Wolahleko mboleko, akunakwenzeka ukuba kakulu. Ukuba kanti kwabiwe imali ihlawulwe ezaziwayo yenzeka okanye embi, iqukiwe kwixesha ukulahleka. Oku kunciphisa isiseko serhafu leziko zemali.

Kuthethwa sokunciphisa izibambiso

Ngenyanga ngosuku lomsebenzi lokugqibela kuthwalelwa phandle nokuvavanywa ngokutsha utyalo-mali kwizabelo ngexabiso lentengiso. Phantsi yokugqibela kufuneka baqonde avareji ixabiso elilinganiswe ngokomyinge zokhuseleko enye intengiselwano ezenzeka kolo suku lolokugqibela istock exchange okanye ngokusebenzisa zomququzeleli esidlangalaleni. Kwezinye iimeko, njengoko emarikeni isenokuba kanye ixabiso izibambiso yentengo ngomhla lokugcina lokusebenza, kuncitshiswa ngesiqingatha. Ukuba ngezantsi amaxabiso ncwadi, iziko zemali kufuneka useke uvimba sokunciphisa. ubukhulu balo akufunekanga ibe ngaphezulu kwama-50% yexabiso utshilo. Formation oluqhutywa umhla wokugqibela enyangeni leyo yathengwa izibambiso. ukurhoxiswa kwayo wenziwe ngaxeshanye umhlala lwezabelo. data Provisioning njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, kuliwa ngokwahlukeneyo ukhuseleko nganye, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ukwanda okanye ukugcina ixabiso lawo elipheleleyo.

Ingakumbi reserve sokunciphisa

Xa kuba utyalo-mali kuyimfuneko overestimation kwamalungiselelo. Noko ke, ixabiso incwadi kwizabelo kuhlala ingatshintshanga. Kulo mba, imali, gxebe, ezijongwa reserve xa isenzo konyuswe ixabiso sabelana le akhawunti. Ekupheleni kwenyanga ingxelo, iziko lamatyala kufuneka sihlaziye oovimba ezadalwayo ngaphambili sokunciphisa mali zisekelwe kwixabiso lemarike kunye mali izibambiso.

ezinye iintlobo

Ukongeza kwezi, kukho nezinye oovimba yebhanki. Zingamaqela kwiqela ilahleko enokwenzeka kwezinye izinto. Ezi ziquka, ingakumbi, zibandakanya amalungiselelo:

• Phantsi asethi balance sheet kunye umngcipheko ilahleko.
• Kuba izixhobo irekhodwa kwi-akhawunti eseleyo of accounting.
• Phambili imicimbi.
• Phantsi enye ilahleko.

ngezigaba ilahleko

Kuba ilahleko kwiziko lemali into enegalelo ekwenzeni ukuyilwa loovimba, kuyaqondakala umngcipheko yezinto kwixesha elizayo, ezinxulumene lubandakanywe kwezi meko zilandelayo:

1. Ukwanda kwinkcitho okanye amatyala kuthelekiswa ngaphambili ingxelo ngayo accounting.
2. Ukunciphisa iindleko asethi ngetyala.
3. Ukungaphumeleli ukwenza imisebenzi eziimbophelelo olwenziwe yokosulelwa liziko elizibophelele imicimbi yemali (ujongene), okanye ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela amadinga kwezifundo, intlawulo efanelekileyo yetyala inikezelwa ngumbutho logcino ukukhonza.

Ukususela oovimba zebhanki ngasentla ngempumelelo kakhulu ingxowa-mali kuphela. Oku kungenxa yokuba ngeendleko yendlela yakhe, iziko ngemali ukulawula iindleko zabo. Zonke ezinye oovimba bank ezijongwa ngempumelelo. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba ukunyuka ubukhulu akuyi kunceda zisiqinisayo yombutho ukumelana kuvela iimeko ezinzima.

Gold and currency amazwe oovimba

Bona asethi zemali ukuba luphawulwa amatyala eliphezulu. neemali zangaphandle zilawulwa yi-Central Bank ne-ofisi yoMphathiswa wezeMali. ahlelwe kubandakanya:

1. ngegolide Monetary.
2. Spetsprava ukuboleka.
3. Reserve isikhundla kwi World VF.
4. imali yelinye ilizwe.

Yeendleko zezi kweendawo kuboniswa umhla lomncono, ngokusekelwe kwi US dollar.

ukuqashwa

oovimba International kube reserve zemali, apho intlawulo ingenziwa okanye wenziwe ityala likarhulumente inkcitho mali xa kukho imfuneko. phambi kwabo, ukongeza, ivumela ibhanki ngundoqo ukulawula phezu Dynamics ngeranti engange ngenxa yokungenelela kwiimarike exchange. Ubungakanani yale reserve kufuneka kakhulu ukugubungela ivolyum ubunzima semali ejikeleza ngaphandle kweBhanki, ngokubonelela iintlawulo zombini lobunganga nawabucala ityala lwangaphandle kwaye akuqinisekisi ongenisa nyanga-3. Ukuba sinako ukufikelela wukulu loovimba ngamazwe le-Central Bank uyakwazi ukusebenzisa ulawulo ngempumelelo intshukumo ngeranti engange kunye kwenzala.