Ziziphi iindawo banelungelo self-determination?

Kileyo - isayensi ezintsonkothileyo, ke umthetho yedwa ngamazwe, yaye ngakumbi njalo. Ngokucacileyo kuchazwa khowudi, kodwa kukho amanye amaxwebhu eyamkelwe UN, kodwa ingxaki lilele yokuba ukuphunyezwa kwazo akusoloko kusenzeka ukuba ukufikelela ngenxa kunabanye abantu iindlela zonyanzeliso. ilizwe strong imfazwe yaye ngokufuthi ukuvelisa iintshukumo musa ukungena kwi resolution, kwaye wenze lutho. Kuphela enye into - ukuthembela ngeendibano kwaye ingqalelo kubo njengoko iingxoxo eziphambili nyulu, okanye ngokuchasene noko, kukwaphula umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Nantsi ke into ntoni xa inxalenye karhulumente ezinye isaziso ngesigqibo sayo ukurhoxa ubulungu bayo? Kwaye ukuba sifuna ukungena omnye? Kwiimeko ezinjalo abaninzi.

yomthetho

Eyona ndlela ilula kwaye icace kakhulu ukusombulula le ngxaki - yinto zimvo. Kanye njengokuba lo uthabathe uze ucele abantu, nangona bahlala ngokwahlukeneyo, okanye bayiqonda ngakumbi ukugcina ngoku kwilizwe emanyeneyo. Kule ndaba, kanye apho lonke uxwebhu ezaziwayo. Yeyona Charter yeZizwe eziManyeneyo. Kwinqaku yakhe yokuqala kuchazwe ngokucacileyo ilungelo bezizwe self-determination, kwakunye kulahlwe mahala kobutyebi bendalo kunye nemithombo. Ngaphezu koko, uluntu zembali uvinjwe ngendlela yokuphila. Kwaye ke ithuba lokuba basebenzise eli mthetho, onke amaqela basayine uxwebhu (kubandakanywa Ukraine) ubuthembisile ukuba ahloniphe, anyuse, nokuba kukho Trust Territory ezinye eli lizwe, kuba noxanduva. Oku - umgaqo ezibalulekileyo ezinikelwa ngumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Onke acacile. Kodwa kutheni, enyanisweni badla okungahambi, yaye ngalo lonke ixesha ngenye indlela?

Kosovo isiganeko

Ngexesha lentlekele Balkan yelizwe kwiqembu yangaphambili esinye urhulumente federal ukuba amazwe azimeleyo - iCroatia, eSlovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Europe kunye United States yamkele isigqibo kwezizwe, becaphula sele wakhankanya UN Charter. Ngelo xesha, i Krajina Serbian, eli lungelo iye saliwe. Waqala ekususweni, ezigugileyo zombini iindlela, kodwa unetyala yanakanwa icala elinye kuphela le ngxabano. Ekugqibeleni, emva kokuba NATO ungenelelo, Kosovo ibonwa geqe, nkqu kuqhuba zimvo kwafumaniseka ukuba abe nganto. Eli tyala waba umzekelo, emva koko kwisahlulo ilizwe lezabelo ezahlukeneyo engasekho waqonda njengento engaqhelekanga. Abantu bagqiba - ngoko kube njalo. Ilungelo iintlanga self-determination ungcwele, kodwa ke nanku umbuzo: yintoni na? Yintoni na abantu? Kuthetha ukuthini eli lizwi?

Yintoni na uhlanga?

Ekuqaleni, ngamaxesha Soviet, lo mbuzo ikuchaza ukuphendula nawuphi na umfundi ababefunda indlela ngokuthembeka. Wayesazi ukuba abantu - yinto uluntu enkulu yabantu edityaniswa eziliqela iimpawu, kuquka ulwimi, intsimi, kunye nezinye iikhrayitheriya eziliqela, kuquka abonisa nokuba sawo. Le ekuqulunqeni elide ceba I. V. Stalin ngokwakhe, owathi, njengokuba sisazi, waye Connoisseur omkhulu emibuzo kazwelonke. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba abantu eSoviet Union njengoko ziiriphabliki alo, oko kukuthi elinesihlanu (uninzi ngexesha yiSoviet Union). Kodwa ngaphandle kwabo kwakukho izizwe, oku kumalunga efanayo ubukhulu, kuphela ezincinane ngaphandle ilungelo self-determination, kumiselwe kuMgaqo-siseko. Loo nto kuthiwa (kwaye kwacaca phandle, nangokusebenzayo), Ukraine, Azerbaijani kwaye Armenia enokwahlulwa, kodwa Ingush okanye Karyaka - akukho. Kodwa njengokuba ixesha lihamba phambili, ingqiqo utshintsho, ezele isiqulatho esitsha, and definition Stalin ngayo abantu (iintlanga) ayisebenzi. Ngokomzekelo, amaSilamsi Bosnian, nkqu kwenkcazo uhlanga musa angawi. Ezi namaSerb ethetha ulwimi olufanayo, amaSilamsi kuphela.

Russia

Ewe, le meko inzima kakhulu. Inani elikhulu beentlanga, bemanyene kwinkqubo karhulumente ohlangeneyo indawo enkulu kunye ulwimi lwaso, inkcubeko kunye neenkolelo zonqulo. Kwiminyaka 90 lentlekele kwezoqoqosho kunye nokulahlekelwa iqonga enye yembono kukhokelele kwisizukulwana imikhosi centrifugal baze basongela ukuwa kweli lizwe. oku wabonakala kakhulu kakuhle kwi Chechen Republic, waza waqalisa imfazwe. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo yeenkokeli amazwe kwakunzima, kwelinye icala baxhasa integrity (amagama), kwelinye icala sayithi thsuphe ilungelo labantu ukuziphilela. E Chechnya, ithwalelwe okucoca mass bohlanga ngokunxulumene Russian abathetha labemi, iziko baziphethe kakubi yaye kusetyenziswa uhlasela, kodwa, ekugqibeleni, ngongquzulwano ubunzima obukhulu kunye nelahleko enkulu kunokubeka qwele kakhulu ukuya nakakhulu West wayenethemba lokuba inkqubo ekungafuneki uya ukudilika . Ngethamsanqa, nezigqibo kobunkokheli Russian yenziwa ngokuchanekileyo.

eCrimea

Imeko ne eCrimea ukwenza selubala kakhulu. Inani labantu eli lizwe ukubonisa ukufaneleka kwakhe kwixa e referendums ezimbini. Noko ke, kule meko, ebizwa ngokuba "uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe" uthabathe isimo onzima. Nithi, a ngodaba wokujoyina ummandla elizenzekelayo engathethekiyo Russian, kwathiwa yabanjwa "ifike". Abantu of Europe kunye United States ngobunono wabethelela mfanekiso mbi: on the Sevastopol kuhlala (.. Simferopol, Yalta, njl) yiya iipatroli udakumbile, abahlali ngokoyikiswa, endaweni lo Tartars, kunye, ngokubanzi, umsebenzi apho.

Kulo mzekelo, ukuba ucela phantse nasiphi German, umzekelo, malunga ukuba benze ntoni xa abantu asisininzi ofuna ukuhlala yingxenye Russia, waphendula wathi ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo: "Kulungile, ukuba ngu-ewe, ngoko kutheni na?" Xa ezingqondweni yakhe yaseYurophu nje Andikwazi ukuqonda indlela umntu unokuba into ukunyanzelisa, ngakumbi intsimi enkulu efana eCrimea. Nje westerner kodwa bakholelwa ukuba zimvo yenziwa ngokufanelekileyo. Mhlawumbi, ukuba inkokheli Russian wanikela kwakhona phantsi kweliso abameli ngamazwe, kuvalwe umba, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuvunyelwane. Kodwa olu khetho lunganga kuqwalaselwa.

North Ossetia, Abkhazia kunye nezinye "iimfazwe kungahlala"

Kwezi republic, kakhulu, kwakukho kumzabalazo integrity, kwaye kukrakra ngakumbi oko, amathuba ngaphantsi empumelelo wahlala. I-zimvo, Kakade, urhulumente waseGeorgia alukhange lwenziwe, mhlawumbi bekholelwa ukuba nantoni na elungileyo ngeke. Sekunjalo, yena waye e Abkhazia kunye North Ossetia, ukuzimela ezahlulwe kwaye mhlawumbi ngonaphakade. Kakhulu ngaphambili okufanayo kwenzeka kwezinye amabala eshushu USSR, Transnistria kunye Nagorno-Karabakh. ezi ngxabano bachazwa ngokuthi "emkhenkceni", yaye mhlawumbi ekuphela kwendlela yokuphepha igazi ngokwahlukeneyo.

Donbass

"Kwiindawo ezithile," njengoko maxa wambi ibizwa ngabameli of Kiev ezisemthethweni, njengokuba enyanisweni e kwindawo leyo (nangoku wayengekafiki) impixano "zibambene". Ithemba bebuyele urhulumente enobunye Ukrainian babe nesizathu iingxwelerha ezininzi kakhulu kubantu balapho babefuna yaye bakwazi baxolele. Kwakhona zimvo, kwaye uyaphinda kubonakala ukuba ongekho. Noko ke, ukwamkela ilahleko intsimi Kiev, kakhulu, asikwazi. Le ngxoxo engundoqo, ukuba imeko engqonge isikolo eso slogans delirious malunga "United Ukraine" ngale efanayo: "Akukho luhlanga enjalo - seDonetsk (Lugansk, eCrimea). Yaye ngoxa abaxhasi ezininzi esebenzayo decommunisation ngandlel musa phawula ukuba usebenzise zonke nokuzimisela omdala uhlanga kaStalin efanayo ngayo.

World phezu

Iingxaki self-determination Akubona ukuba kwisithuba post-eSoviet. Evince umnqweno ukuzimela Catalans, abahlali Northern Ireland of, nkqu eTexas. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi miba sele zisonjululiwe ngoxolo, ngoko, umzekelo, emva kwemfazwe, indawo Saar "owahamba" eJamani. Ngo-1962 kwakukho nokudliwa India thanga Portuguese of Goa kunye nenani neminye imimandla. Ngowe-1965, Singapore wathi ukuzimela geqe Malaysia. Bambalwa abantu khumbula ukuba eNorway de 1905 (iminyaka 111 eyadlulayo!) Ngaba inxalenye Sweden. Kwaye kukho eminye imizekelo. Kwiimeko ezininzi,-zimvo kwaqhutywa, nabo bonke - kusekho elinye ilizwe. Kwaye akukho mfuneko ukulwa. Abasebenzisi bakhululekile ukuba isigqibo indlela engcono.