Zezith: nakuhlobo lwemichiza, imiphumo ngokobugcisa zokugula

Hormone - izinto bioactive ukuba kuhlanganiswa secreted ngamadlala ezidalwe ngqo negazi, ulwelo fluid okanye nkovu. Hormone ukubonisa bioactivity eziphakamileyo ngeedosi miniscule ka 10-3 nkqu 10-6 mg. Bathi babonise inyathelo elifutshane elide kwaye batshatyalaliswe ngokukhawuleza.

Properties hormone.

Kuba uninzi hormone ziqala ubume molecule. Uninzi lwabo afunyenwe ngendlela ecocekileyo (folliculin, insulin); inxenye yabo kuhlelwe (insulin, iadrenaline, cortisone). Imisebenzi kwamadlala ezidalwe ilawulwa yi-luvo. Ngenxa yoko, le ndlala data kuchaphazela luvo. Hormone kuchaphazela nethe of iiprothini, isitatshi, nucleic, lipids kunye neeminerali.

Zezith (hormone, hormone ukukhula, hormone ukukhula) eyedwa ukusuka yebhinqa sobuKristu kwizicatshulwa Evans and Long ngo-1921. Posa - yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo namadlala yonyango. Kunye nale ngxenye morphophysiological yakha inkqubo eyodwa, olawula yokucolwa ndlela ezahlukeneyo. Hormone bemvelo protein kunye nesakhiwo oligomeric. Ubunzima molekyuli ka 23000-46000 Da. Ukukhula hormone polypeptide yenziwa amakhonkco amabini eziqulathe 191 iintsalela acid acid.

A phawu uphawu hormone lokukhula kukuba libonisa ingakumbi iintlobo. Kufuneka ke ukuba ezi obeku- hormone ukukhula kuphela eziphilayo esebenzayo ngabantu.

Xa iHypo-secretion yokukhula ukuphazamiseka traps kwenzeka ezinye iinkqubo pathways emzimbeni, oko kukuthi iinkqubo steroid kunye neenkqubo nokukhula. Xa ngokugqithiseleyo hormone release (hyperfunction prostate) besebancinane, phambi lokufikisa kunye ukuya kutsho ekugqityweni iinkqubo ukuyilwa ithambo, kukho kunyuswa ukukhula komzimba womntu, nto leyo ekhokelela gigantism. abantu ukukhula khona ukuze kubekho ukususela nge-2 ukuya 2.7 m. hormone ukukhula kakhulu ebudaleni kukhokelela kuphuhliso acromegaly. Esi sifo kwenzeka kunye adenomas yebhinqa kunye hyperplasia. Iimpawu zesi sifo kukuba ukwanda elibi amalungu omzimba ngamnye, ukukhula kakhulu amalungu omzimba, intloko kunye soft isicwili imithana - impumlo, imilebe, ulwimi, isilevu. Ukunyuka enyama yangaphakathi, kubhaliwe hypertrophy unamadlala ezithile yonyango.

Nge ezwi zaneleyo hormone okukhula (hyposecretion) eselula kukho dwarfism (dwarfism). Ukukhula ayikho ngaphezulu kwe 90-120 cm, akukho mpawu ngokwesondo eziziisekondari. UDema pituitary ke kisekiyo kakhulu isakhiwo umzimba, intloko lilikhulu kancinci. Njengoko akukho kwahluka kuphuhliso engqondweni eqhelekileyo yabantu.

Zezith kuchaphazela iinkqubo steroid: iyazingenela biosynthesis kweziyi, nucleic, kwandisa amanqanaba iswekile yegazi (isiphumo seswekile) ukukhuthaza reticulocytosis, hondro- kunye kweyi.

Umzimba womntu synthesizes izinto ezininzi bioactive, nto leyo zisivulela imvakalelo emnandi (imincili, imo elungileyo, ulonwabo). Ngamachiza, ezi izinto zibizwa ngokuba neurotransmitters, banoxanduva yokudluliswa neemvakalelo-luvo. Kukholelwa ukuba serotonin, endorphin dopamine - a hormone ubumnandi. Serotonin - hormone mood elungileyo. Xa lesitofu egazini, oko kwandisa umsebenzi weenjini, kuphucula isimo. Ukuswela serotonin zinokukhokelela ekudakumbeni. Endorphin ukuba kuhlelwe emzimbeni kwiimeko ezibangela, ukunciphisa intlungu. Ngokuzibophelela kwi receptors opiate, bona anqanda intlungu, ngaloo ndlela ebangela imincili. Dopamine udla ngokubizwa ngokuba hormone ukuzonwabisa. Okuya uba mkhulu umsantsa uyondelelwano lwee- ezimbaxa uthe egazini, kuyabuya eliqaqambileyo.