Zeziphi imilambo onazo ukuya Atlantic isitya eRashiya? Imilambo i-Atlantic Ocean: uluhlu

Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo oko imilambo kuba uhehema lwesitya sokuhlambela Atlantic Ocean, ungenza ukudwelisa inani elikhulu imilambo eYurophu, Russia kunye nomNtla Melika. Kodwa ke ngenxa yokuba oko uluhlu enkulu kakhulu, siphawula kuphela imijelo yamanzi ayahamba kwilizwe lethu.

River isitya Atlantic Ocean eRashiya, kakhulu, baninzi kakhulu, bona ngaphezu kwama-3 elinesibini. Uninzi has a umsele umthamo encinane, naphakathi misele ezinkulu kufuneka ezifana okhankanywe njengoko Kuban, UDon Neva. Ukongeza kweli nqaku siza achaze oko imilambo basonta e Atlantic somfula inkulu eRashiya, yaye kuya kukunika inkcazelo eneenkcukacha.

umfula onamandla Don

Ukuba ujonga imaphu naseAsiya, kulula ukuba uphendule lo mbuzo, enxulumene somfula esemlanjeni Atlantic Ocean, kwaye ngexesha elinye yeyona inkulu phakathi kwezinye.

Don asuka kummandla Tula, ummandla inxalenye esemntla elikhulu Central Russian inkangala. Kangangexesha elide wahlala umbuzo evulekileyo malunga imvelaphi yalo mlambo yamandla. Ezinye zokuma babekholelwa ukuba umlambo zivela Lake Ivan, abanye - in Novomoskovsk ndawo. Okwangoku, kwafika nabaphandi ukuya kwisigqibo sokuba umthombo Don River yi Urvanka, ophuma kufutshane Novomoskovsk.

Umlambo leqa ummandla kwimimandla ezilishumi Russian (Kursk, Belgorod, Orel, Tula, Ryazan, Tambov, Penza, Saratov, Volgograd, Lipetsk, Voronezh kunye nemimandla Rostov) kwakunye (ummandla eKharkov, seDonetsk, Lugansk) ezintathu Ukrainian.

iimpawu ngokubanzi

Umlambo imalunga 1.870 km, kwaye indawo isitya - 420.000 ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Don leqa imimandla emathafeni kunye ihlathi emathafeni, kunye nohlobo yawo phantse yonke kunye - icotha yaye ngabom, jiko kakhulu.

Lo mfula kwemali imilambo malunga 5.200 ezincinane, kwakunye inani elikhulu umsebe. Phakathi nemingenela ezinkulu ingabizwa kunye nemilambo ezifana Atlantic somfula Seversky Donets, Voronezh, Angawokuphumla kunye Quick ikuku, Manych, Aksay, Nepryadva, iinkwenkwezi zeBhere, Black Kalitva, Mhle Ikrele Bityug, Chir, Ilovlya, Osered, Sal kunye nabanye.

Don ungena kuLwandle Azov kummandla eGalfu yolwandle saseTaganrog. KuLwandle Azov, nayo, iphumele kuLwandle Black lweMeditera, ngenxa kwiStraits, aphuma kwi-Atlantic Ocean.

Ibhanki Ilungelo Don Eyisongile, kwi bulk, ezilulwalwa kunye needipozithi chalky amqengqelezi elide. Ekhohlo ibhanki, ngokuchaseneyo, uthe tyaba kunye nohlobo flat. Icala lasekhohlo isitya kukho inani elikhulu amachibi kunye nemigxobhozo. Banikwe kukhethwa zamaxesha athile ngonyaka, ugalelwe okanye sapling. Kummandla emathafeni - ingca edlelweni.

iindawo umfula

Don yahlulelwe kwii ariya ezintathu eziphambili - i Upper, Aphakathi na- eseZantsi. Inxalenye eliphezulu liqalela ukusuka kumthombo ukuya emlonyeni Pine eziphantsi. Ngelo xesha kukho okukhawulezayo kakhulu ngexesha uba nazo kunye whirlpools. a kubunzulu encinane lomlambo - ukuya ku-1.5 m, kodwa kukho iindawo ezinzulu. Le yinxalenye ekwindla Don nemingenela ezintathu ezinkulu ekunene (Pine, Beautiful Sword Nepryadva) kunye ekhohlo enye (Voronezh).

Inxalenye phakathi Don kuyaqhubeka de Tsimlyanskoe ndawo. Apha, ngokuba icotha, ubunzulu avareji malunga ne-1,5 m. Xa amanzi anzongonzongo kakhulu ukuba yi-15 m. Kule sithili yona yeyela nemingenela ezimbini ezinkulu ekunene (Black Kalitva kunye Bogucharka) kunye ngasekhohlo ezine (Bityug, iinkwenkwezi zeBhere, bese, Ilovlya ). Kubalulekile kananjalo vosmidesyatikilometrovy iVolga-Don Canal, edibanisa imilambo emibini emikhulu Russian.

Inxalenye esezantsi Don zinzulu. Ubunzulu whirlpools apha efikelela 17 m. Emva kokuba isixeko Rostov-on-Don emlanjeni olwandle iqala. Kule nxalenye, yahlulelwe kwii ezininzi kuThixo imibhobho. I inkulu kubo - i Seversky Donets (ngasekunene), kunye Sal, Manych (icala ngasekhohlo). Ngoko nangoko Don ungena kuLwandle Azov.

korhulumente Amanzi, izilwanyana fish

Umlambo kakhulu bondliwa ikhephu yi. Snow umnikelo malunga asixhenxe ekhulwini yaye ezinye bubonakaliswe kwamanzi phantsi komhlaba kunye nemvula. Umlambo igutyungelwe ngumkhenkce ukususela ekuqaleni kuDisemba ukuya kuMatshi / ekuqaleni kuka-Aprili. Xa okuseleyo kulo nyaka, umbindi kunye Don iinqanawa ephantsi (ubude lilonke inxalenye iinqanawa imalunga 1.6 amawaka. Km).

Ichthyofauna Don kukhulu kakhulu. Apha, inani elikhulu ifumaneka iintlobo ezifana bream, rudd, zeCARP, Roach, zeCARP, limfiliba, zakhele, sabrefish, Pike sisinkantazi, zakhele, catfish, Ide et al. Xa besasaza utyelelo emlanjeni Intlanzi, lo gama ulwakhiwo ichibi Tsimlyanskoe wadibana nokuba ukutya. ukubamba Industrial ilahlekile, nokuloba iye becala kubemi bezo ndawo.

Kuban

Kuban River ezelwe kwi ekudibaneni zonke zemijelo ntaba limaxhaphetshu ezimbini - Uskulan kunye Ullukan. ziimbaxa zawo bondliwa zomkhenkce yeNtaba Elbrus. Ubude iyonke Kuban imalunga 0,87 amawaka. Km, kwaye iqukuqela kwakhona waya kuLwandle Azov.

Ndongeni itshintsha isimilo salo efikelela kwi-esezantsi. Phezulu kwe Kuban - intaba eqhelekileyo umlambo, kunye neengcambu - kwimiwonyo elulwalwa, amawa, kumathambeka ngamanye amaxesha eweni, iintlambo ezinzulu, uba lesiphithiphithi.

Emva isixeko Cherkessk uhlobo utshintsho zayo, intlambo ibanzi, kwaye flow lithule ngakumbi kwaye kulinganiswa. Kumathambeka babe nobubele ngakumbi kwindalo. Kwi indawo ephakathi kwaye esezantsi Kuban track twisty kakhulu. Entlanjeni emlanjeni eninzi abafazi abadala. I inkulu kubo - Lake Old Kuban.

A neekhilomitha ezilikhulu ukusuka ekudibaneni kunye kuLwandle Azov, umlambo bebambene, ukwakha ezintathu ithumbu main - bile, Cossack kunye UErik Petrushin kwisingxobo.

mode Water Kuban

Ebudeni bonyaka imilambo komlambo abanengxaki 7-8, eyona ininzi kuzo zentlako-hlaza nezasehlotyeni, kunye unogumbe ehlotyeni yomelele emthonjeni. Oku kungenxa kwalowo ngamaxesha ikhephu kunye zomkhenkce zaseCaucasus.

River flow imalunga 12-13 neekhilomitha cubic metre yamanzi ngonyaka ngamnye, lo gama, ngenxa isixa esikhulu eziqinileyo lanqunyanyiswa, umlambo lihla kuLwandle Azov, 4 million tons yodaka ngonyaka ngamnye.

cover Ice na umlambo ezingazinzanga. Phakathi koko isiciko umlambo ice uvela inyanga enye ukuya kwezintathu ngonyaka, kodwa oko akuthethi ngumkhenkce kwiminyaka ezishushu.

Akukho daka ice, ngenxa kwemali Velocity omkhulu inxalenye ephezulu lomlambo.

Zokutya Kuban ezenziwe imvula, ice kunye komhlaba imithombo. inkqubo yalo mlambo ali-14 amawaka imilambo, kuba inkoliso oko wabashiya nemingenela yebhanki. Kwezi, kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye inkulu uluhlu ukuze oko imilambo kuba i-Atlantic isitya eRashiya, iwile Kuban: Big amaNcinane Zelenchuk, Federal District, Laba, Urup, Pshish, White, FC Afips Afipsky, Psekups (bank ekhohlo), Mara , Dzheguta, Ebuhlungu (ibhanki ekunene).

Neva

Ukuba ujonga imaphu ye-European North eRashiya, akukho nzima ukubona izinto somfula esemlanjeni Atlantic Ocean kwaye ngexesha elifanayo imfutshane. Neva aqukuqela amabini Russian Federation - ngokusebenzisa kwisixeko St. Petersburg kunye kummandla iLeningrad. Oku lulandelayo Ladoga Lake kwaye ungena kuLwandle lweBaltic (Gulf of Finland, i Neva Bay).

Ekubeni ubude elifutshane (malunga 74 km) lwequla indawo umlambo-28 amawaka macala onke. Khilomitha, ekubeni lo eliqukuqela kuphela Lake Ladoga. Ukuwa iyonke 5.1 m.

Isitya kuyinto inethiwekhi entsonkothileyo nemin, kunye namachibi amaninzi kunye namachibi. Xa zizonke, Neva emvula indawo iquka imilambo phezu 48 amawaka, engaphezu kwama-26 amawaka amachibi. Utsho uviko nokuphuma 26 ngqo emlanjeni.

Oku kwakhona uhehema lwesitya Atlantic, ezona zinabantu aphezu kodonga lasekhohlo Endala New Ladoga channel, Iiklip, Izhora, Tosna, Slavyanka, kwaye ngasekunene - umlambo Black and Ohta. Somfula yahlulwe imibhobho eziliqela eziqhagamshelene imijelo.

Ekubeni ubude 74 km, Neva nokugxothwa km 78,9 cubic ngonyaka ngamnye, nto leyo yazisa libe imilambo top ezilishumi eYurophu. I-avareji ububanzi 400-600 m kunye nobunzulu avareji - 8-11 leemitha.

Imilambo i-Atlantic lwesitya (uluhlu)

Ngoku bhala yonke imilambo zifakiwe kwi-Atlantic Ocean isitya:

1. UDon omlambo i-Seversky Donets, Voronezh, Angawokuphumla kunye Quick ikuku, Manych, Aksay, Nepryadva, iinkwenkwezi zeBhere, Black Kalitva, Mhle Ikrele Bityug, Chir, Ilovlya, Osered, Sal.
2. Kuban amadama: Big amaNcinane Zelenchuk, District Federal, Laba, Urup, Pshish, White, FC Afips Afipsky, Psekups (bank ekhohlo), Mara, Dzheguta, Ebuhlungu (ibhanki ekunene).
3. Neva amadama: i-Old and New Ladoga channel, Iiklip, Izhora, Tosna, Slavyanka kunye nelungelo abamnyama Ohta.

Ukuxelela into imilambo kuba ngumhlaba Atlantic sokuhlambela, ngokubanzi ngayo Kungaphikiswa ukuba bonke bephela anikwe amandla kakhulu ikhephu yi. Kuba umoya wabo, kwaye uninzi lwabo abasakwazi ithengiswayo. Nangona kwilizwe lethu bona, endleleni, le nto inkulu, ngokunjalo Asia. Eyona ngokupheleleyo engatshiyo unguye Arctic Ocean River.

Ngoku, ngethemba, akuyi kuba nzima ukuba uphendule umbuzo oko imilambo kuba i-Atlantic isitya eRashiya.