Yintoni na yokubonela Japanese? Iintlobo theatre Japanese. Noh. Kyogen yeqonga. kabuki theatre

Japan - lizwe endimangazayo original, ukwazi uhlobo kunye nezithethe apho baseYurophu kunzima kakhulu. Ukuze esikhulu kangangoko oku ngenxa yokuba kude kube phakathi kwinkulungwane XVII, ilizwe yavalwa ehlabathini. Kwaye ngoku, ukuba uzive umoya eJapan, ukuze wazi umongo wayo, kuyimfuneko ukuba babuyele zobugcisa. Oku kubonakaliswa njengoko inkcubeko naphi kunye nembonakalo yabantu. Omnye Arts midala abaninzi beza kuthi zilolo hlobo zazilulo i yemiboniso Japanese.

Imbali theatre Japanese

iingcambu theatre Japanese emva kumaxesha amandulo. Malunga enye enesiqingatha iminyaka eliwaka eyadlulayo eJapan, China, Korea kunye India wangena esina, umculo, kunye nezwekazi weza UbuBhuda - lo mzuzu kuba sisiqalo yokuzalwa zobugcisa kumabala emidlalo. Ukususela ngoko, i yeqonga olukhoyo ekuqhubekekeni kunye nokulondolozwa nezithethe. Izazinzulu lubonisa ukuba yokubonela waseJapan iqulethe nkqu yinxalenye idrama yamandulo. Oku negalelo lizwe ngenxa ithi lamaGrike ka-Asia Minor, kwakunye Indiya kunye neTshayina.

uhlobo ngalunye kumabala emidlalo kwabavela ezinzulwini iinkulungwane, iye yaqinisekisa imithetho yayo yoqobo kunye somntu. Ngoko ke, umdlalo bemidlalo zangaphambili kunye namhlanje ezibekwe efanayo imigaqo kwiinkulungwane ezininzi ezadlulayo. Adunyiswe oku okuya abadlali ngokwabo, ezigcina nokudlulisa izithethe zamandulo abafundi bakhe (idla ngokuba abantwana babo) ukuze zenze indlu olibambela.

Ukuzalwa le ndawo

Ukuzalwa yeqonga e-Japan ezinxulumene ukuvela kwi yimidlalo ngenkulungwane VII Gigaku, elithetha - "lobugcisa bokulinganisa", kunye Bugakov umdaniso - ". Ubugcisa dance" isiphelo ezahlukeneyo kwezi ntlobo. Gigaku de kwinkulungwane yeshumi, wabamba ndawo zemidlalo yeqonga, kodwa akaba nako akhuphisane kwiintlobo anzima ngakumbi yimidlalo yaye yasuswa ngabo. Kodwa Bugakov kubulawa namhlanje. Ekuqaleni, le iingcamango abaye bangenela le imithendeleko kunye kwendlu kaThixo umsitho, ngoko ke kufuneka ukwenza ngabanye, yaye wasinda ukunyuka kwaye iye yaphinda yathandwa ngakumbi emva kokubuyiselwa amandla, olu hlobo imidlalo Japanese.

Ngokwemveli ntlobo zilandelayo theatre Japanese; kodwa nogaku okanye kujongwe ukuba basebukhosini; Kabuki theatre abantu abaqhelekileyo, kunye Bunraku - ngonodoli.

Traditional theatre Japanese namhlanje

Ekuhambeni kwexesha elitsha yaseJapan yantlitha ubugcisa aseYurophu, yaye kungeso yeqonga mihla. Saqala ukuvela umelo omkhulu of Western-style opera, ballet. Kodwa theatre zemveli waseJapan ikwazile ukukhusela indawo yayo kwaye ungalahli udumo. Musa ukucinga ukuba lwepaki lixesha. Abadlali kunye nabaphulaphuli - abantu bokwenene. Ngokuthe ngcembe ukutshintsha izinto zabo, izinto ezithandwayo, iimbono. Into esuka yenzeke, kwii-ezenzekayo ngoku kwifomu emiselwe yeqonga asakhasayo kangangeenkulungwane. Ngoko, ixesha lifinyele yokuzithoba, yena behla inyathelo wababhali nabaguquleli unokukhawuleza, kuba namhlanje abaphulaphuli abanalo ixesha kakhulu ngento, njengoko bekunjalo kumaXesha Aphakathi. Ubomi bumisela imithetho yayo, yaye ngokuthe ngcembe lo yeqonga hlengiswa phantsi kwabo.

Theatre ebukhosini kodwa

Wazalwa yeqonga kodwa kwinkulungwane XIV waza waba ethandwa kakhulu phakathi abasebukhosini samurai. Ekuqaleni, oko kwakuthetha kuphela kwiklasi eliphezulu Japan.

Ukwakha kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi, le nkundla iye isiko wesizwe, ziluvingcile intsingiselo enzulu bulumko ngokomoya. Ubuhle kulula, ujoliso imaski, leyo egxininisa ukubaluleka le kimono. Kimono kunye iimaski zisulelane kwisikolo ngasinye ukususela kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana.

Ukusebenza ngulo ulandelayo. Shite (umlinganiswa ophambili) phantsi ngezandi imbande, igubu kunye ikwayara ubalisa ibali ngokonwaba amadabi, uloyiso kunye ukoyiswa, nababulali neemonki, ogama namaqhawe bangoomoya kunye umntu, oothixo needemon. Le ngxelo ngokuqinisekileyo yokuba lulwimi lwakudala. Kodwa - uhlobo kunazo zonke imidlalo yemveli Japanese. Isizathu kukuba nentsingiselo enzulu bulumko kuphela kweenzingo ngokwabo, kodwa zonke iinkcukacha ntetho, ukuba abe intsingiselo efihlakeleyo, ukuqonda ekhoyo kuphela abaphulaphuli ephucukileyo.

ukusebenza Theatrical sisaqhubeka iiyure ezintathu ezinesiqingatha ukuya emihlanu kwaye kuquka nemidlalo eziliqela, nto leyo mzuzu kunye bengqungqa kunye miniatures nobomi babantu abaqhelekileyo.

kodwa kugqiba

Kodwa - theatre Japanese iimaski. Iimaski Awabotshwanga ukuba indima ethile, ukuba asetyenziswayo ukugqithisa uvakalelo. Ngokuhlangana kunye nezenzo ifuzisela abadlali nomculo udale umoya eyodwa imaski yeqonga le wafika kwexesha. Nangona, xa efika kuqala, ukuba kunzima ukukholelwa ukuba imaski kodwa ukukhonza ukuze adlulisele iimvakalelo. Ukuziva intlungu kunye novuyo, umsindo kunye nokuthobeka ziyenziwa ngenxa umdlalo wokukhanya, zincinane kwamathambeka zentloko umdlali lowo, iingoma choir ilizwi kunye nomculo.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, izikolo ezahlukeneyo ukusebenzisa imifanekiso efanayo iikimono ezahlukeneyo kunye iimaski. Kukho iimaski asetyenziswa ezithile iindima. Namhlanje, kukho malunga namakhulu amabini iimaski ukuba esekhona imihla yethu mawenziwe ngemisipres Japanese.

ntetho kodwa

Theatre kodwa yayintsha ngokoqobo, wakha ngakumbi ekuyileni abaphulaphuli. Eqongeni, maxa wambi ngaphandle indawo, abadlali ukwenza iintshukumo ubuncinane. Character kwenza kuphela isibini amanyathelo, kodwa amazwi akhe, izijekulo ihambisana weekwayara Kubonakala ukuba lifikile indlela elide. abalinganiswa ababini bemi ecaleni kwenye, Kungenzeka ungawuboni kwenye de zibe ubuso ngobuso.

Into esemqoka ukuba yeqonga kodwa - izimbo zomzimba. Izimbo zizidibanise zombini ezo abe ixabiso ethile, kwakunye nezo ezisetyenziswa ngenxa yobuhle yaye musa ukwenza nayiphi na intsingiselo. Eziyolweni ethile kwindawo yokubonela adlulisele cwaka kunye nokunqongophala intshukumo. uyobukela Unsophisticated kunzima kakhulu ukuqonda ngephanyazo efana oko kuyenzeka eqongeni.

kyogen Theatre

Japanese kyogen theatre wabonakala phantse ngaxeshanye yeqonga, kodwa, kungakhathaliseki saso azakubalulwa sifundo yayo kunye nendlela. Kodwa - Drama, amava kunye neminqweno. Kyogen - nomkhuba comedy, ezele iziqhulo ezilula, amampunge emdaka ziyalambatha. Kyogen lula ukuqonda yonke intsingiselo mdlalo kunye nezenzo abadlali akunyanzelekanga ukuba ukuwuqonda. Ngokwemveli kyogen ngomdlalo Khaniphulaphule izinto ezenziwa kumabala emidlalo kodwa.

Yaba nkulu iquka theatre kyogen idlala XV-XVI eminyaka. Kumalunga ezingamakhulu amabini anamashumi amathandathu nemisebenzi lababhali lingama ayaziwa. De kube sekupheleni amaqhekeza ngenkulungwane XVI zaye kudluliswe ngomlomo emlonyeni, ukususela afundise abafundi kwaye awufunyaniswanga abhalwe ephepheni. Kuphela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVII yaqala ukubonakala ngamaphephandaba.

Xa kyogen kukho kudidi ecacileyo edlalwa:

• koothixo;
• of izinduna;
• abafazi;
• koomoya abangendawo, njalo njalo. n.

Kukho kokuveliswayo eyabonisa iingxaki zentsapho encinane. Badlale phezu impermanence kwamadoda nabafazi nenkohliso. Uninzi edlalwa umkhonzi esingelwe ogama Taro.

abalinganiswa Kyogen abantu abaqhelekileyo nto abakuphila kwenzeka ebonakalayo ngokukhethekileyo. Ekuqaleni umdlalo ababukeli yiyo yonke abalinganiswa. abadlali Theatre bohlulwa babe ngamaqela: engundoqo - shite, aphakamileyo - Ado, emfundo ephakamileyo - Coady, ixabiso lesine - chure kwaye sesihlanu kwixabiso - Tomo. Izikolo inkulu baziphethe Kyogen Izumi kunye Okura. Ngaphandle kokuba abadlali kyogen kodwa ezinxulumene ezi zemiboniso zilungiselelwa ngokwahlukeneyo.

Uhlobo Japanese kyogen theatre ubonelela iintlobo ezintathu iimpahla:

• Mr;
• ngabakhonzi;
• abafazi.

Zonke nesinxibo zenziwe ukumila ekuqaleni XVI kunye XVII leminyaka. Ngamanye amaxesha imaski zingasetyenziswa ukwenza kumabala emidlalo. Kodwa ke loo nto ukuwafihla kodwa ukuvakalisa iimvakalelo - oku imaski esicacisa indima zomlinganiswa: lixhegwazana, indoda endala, ibhinqa, Unedemon, uthixo, izilwanyana kunye nezinambuzane.

Emva kokuphela Second World War kukhokelele ngokokubekwa kyogen yeqonga, kunye nemidlalo baqalisa ukuba kwenziwe ngokuzimeleyo, hayi kuphela yeqonga kodwa izimvo.

Kabuki - Ithiyetha itempile dancer

Kabuki ntetho sayilwa ngokweqobelo ukuba wonke. Kabuki theatre wavela ekuqaleni kwethuba wafika kwaye unxulunyaniswa igama ngumdanisi kwetempile intombi mkhandi Izumo akukho Okuni.

Girl kwinkulungwane XVII, wafudukela Kyoto, apho waqalisa ukwenza imidaniso wesithethe ngasechwebeni komlambo nasezintliziyweni wezinto zakomkhulu. Ngokuthe ngcembe baqala ukungena repertoire bengqungqa komnye yaye inkanuko neemvumi wajoyina ntetho. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukuthandwa zomsebenzi neendlela zakhe liye landa. Iphezulu wakwazi ngokukhawuleza ukudibanisa iintetho bengqungqa, iibhaladi, imibongo ibe iyunithi enye, ukudala Kabuki theatre Japanese. Ngokoqobo, igama yeqonga liguqulelwe ngokuba 'ubugcisa njengomculo nomngqungqo. " Kweli nqanaba, kuphela amantombazana inxaxheba izimvo.

Ukuthandwa yeqonga wakhula, ngokufuthi abahlali abaphezulu kwengqukuva yaqala ukuna uthando kunye nabadanisi sihle qembu. Government of le miba akaluthandi, ingakumbi ngenxa yokuba uthando umdlali waqalisa amalungiselelo ukulwa. Oku, kwakunye bengqungqa ngokugqithiseleyo phandle kunye nemifanekiso zikhokelele kwinto yokuba umthetho kungekudala wakhupha umlomo inxaxheba kwabasetyhini izimvo. Ngoko ke, Onna kabuki theatre obhinqileyo yaphela. Kwaye phezu inkundla inkundla oyindoda Japanese - Kabuki Vacas. Lo mqathango usebenza kuzo zonke yeqonga kumabala emidlalo.

Phakathi kwinkulungwane XIX, umthetho esemthethweni wapheliswa. Noko ke, isithethe komsebenzi zonke iindima ukumelwa babantu ngeyisekho nanamhla. Ngenxa yoko, le nkundla Japanese eziphefumlelweyo - imidlalo oyindoda Japanese.

Kabuki namhlanje

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-Kabuki theatre Japanese yeyona ithandwayo emveli Dramatic Arts. Nabadlali Ithiyetha eyaziwa kweli lizwe kwaye isoloko bayamenywa ukuba TV badubula movie. iindima Women xa troupes amaninzi iphinde yaqhuba ngamabhinqa. Ngaphezu koko, kwakukho i amaqela yeqonga zonke-ababhinqileyo.

Umongo emiboniso kumabala emidlalo of kabuki

Kabuki ubungcwele amaxabiso kwexesha wafika, bakha isiseko amabali. Oku, umzekelo, umthetho lobulungisa, leyo eziqulathwe ingcamango dha kwemivuzo wabandezeleka oluntu kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo isohlwayo lo obangela. Kwakhona, ingcamango umBhuda le transience ngayo emhlabeni xa usapho highborn okanye iinkokeli enamandla fail. Xa intliziyo nempi badla kulala wengxabano imigaqo ubuConfucius njengoko uxanduva, umsebenzi, ukuhlonela uThixo, kunye neminqweno zobuqu.

Makeup kunye nesinxibo kangangoko umdlalo kunokwenzeka indima eyenziwa yi weqonga. Amaninzi, iikhosityum angqinelane fashion era wafika, eyona eziphambili isitayile. Iimaski kule midlalo musa ukusebenzisa ukuba endaweni nzima-ukwakhiwa, ebonisa umxholo indima. Kananjalo umbono isetyenziswa iiwigi, zihlelwa ngokutsho ubume ekuhlaleni, ubudala kunye nomsebenzi abalinganiswa.

bunraku Theatre

Bunraku - Japanese ngonodoli. Maxa wambi nkqu ngempazamo ngokuba jōruri. Jōruri - igama yeqonga Bunraku ukusebenza kwaye ngexesha elinye igama elinye oonodoli, inkosazana ungonwabi. It is a ballad malunga Heroine baqala yeqonga. Ekuqaleni akazange unodoli, nokucula iingoma ziimonki bedinga. Ngcembe ukumelwa wajoyina iimvumi, abaphulaphuli waqala ukubonisa imifanekiso, eyayinomfanekiso abalinganiswa. Kamva, le mifanekiso ibe oonopopi.

Yemidlalo ibalulekileyo gidayyu - Reader, ukusuka apho kuxhomekeke impumelelo bonke komsebenzi ubugcisa. Reader owenza kuphela monologues neempikiswano, yaye umsebenzi wakhe akhuphe kuyimfuneko izandi, ingxolo, squeaks.

Ngu phakathi kwenkulungwane XVII wambumba izinqumo eziphambili here kunye Amaqoqo e bunraku, kodwa oonodoli ixesha elide waqhubeka ukutshintsha. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, kwabakho unodoli ndlela yolawulo abantu abathathu. Japanese Bunraku inkundla isithethe elide yokwenza oonopopi. Abanalo umzimba, oko indawo ngefreym ebuxande zomthi, bayigqwetha zixhobo ukulawula intloko, iingalo kunye nemilenze. Ngaphezu koko, imilenze kuba oonopopi oyindoda kuphela kwaye ke akusoloko. Ngomhla isakhelo lufakwa ngongqameko ezininzi iimpahla, nto leyo enika umthamo kunye nokufana kunye nani yabantu. Intloko, izandla, ukuba kuyimfuneko, zozine asuswayo kwaye zibekwe phezu isakhelo, xa kukho imfuneko. Izandla neenyawo ziphatheka kakhulu kwaye zenziwe ukuze unodoli Unga ukususa umnwe.

technology ulawulo kunopopi ihlala enye, nangona oluphuculweyo, - abadlali abathathu ziyafuneka ukulawula iphaphethi enye, ukuphakama kwayo sisibini-ezimbini akhule. Abadlali Musa ukusuka yomphakathi, kwaye kanye apho oliliso, ukuba bambethe iimaski ezimnyama kunye imiwundu. Black naye kweqonga, ikhuselo isigaba sizoku kunye neqonga iimvumi. Phantsi kwale mvelaphi eme phandle ngokucacileyo ubeka kunye onodoli ilokhwe ezimibalabala kwaye ipeyintwe ezandleni ezimhlophe kunye nobuso.

Lo mxholo uphambili yeqonga Bunraku Ungumfanekiselo le ngozi, iimvakalelo kunye umsebenzi, "ubunzima" yaye "ninja." Embindini kweli bali kukho indoda eyaziyo, iimvakalelo, iminqweno, umnqweno ukunandipha ubomi. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuthintela izimvo zoluntu, amatyala, ezentlalo kunye nezithethe yokuziphatha. U ukwenza oko akafuni. Ngenxa yoko, le ungquzulwano phakathi komsebenzi kunye yokulangazelela zobuqu ikhokelela kwintlekele.

izithunzi kumabala emidlalo

Shadow theatre enemvelaphi yayo kudala. Indawo isahlakalo yayo ithathwa Asia nokuchuma omkhulu ekufezile e China. Kwaba ukusuka kweza isithunzi theatre Japanese.

Ekuqaleni, ekuveleni kusetyenziswa amanani wagawulwa iphepha okanye ngesikhumba. Scene wakhonza njengesakhelo ngomthi, Bathiwe wambu ngengubo emhlophe, emva apho abadlali ukulawula amanani neleemvumikazi. Ukusebenzisa ukukhanya zemiyalelo ziboniswe kwikhusi, abalinganiswa nani.

Shadow theatre kwizithili ezahlukeneyo lalinemifanekiso zayo kunye neendidi nkulu kangangokuba wenza iingoma.

Theatre Ose

Ose - yemveli Japanese theatre ehlekisayo. Wazalwa ngenkulungwane XVII, kwaye yokuqala kuhlelwa phantsi kwezulu evulekileyo. Kodwa ukuthandwa nkundla yaqala ukuvela ikhaya ekhethekileyo izimvo ezinjalo - oseba.

Udlala ye yeqonga kwakucingwa ukuba uhlobo Rakugo - amabali satirical okanye ohlekisayo, uhlala ne kwasekuqaleni engalindelekanga, ezele yokugxininisa neziqhulo. Sisungule la mabali anecdotes wadala rakugoka - luvo abaziingcali.

Wayambethe artist kimono ohleli embindini woko nomluko, nasezandleni ngetawuli yakhe yesiqhelo kunye fan. Amaqhawe zokubalisa yayingabantu kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo, ibali umxholo alibhekiseli. Angatshintshiyo ngoko kuphela ukuba amabali abo funny, ezinxulumene neemeko zezopolitiko, lwasekhaya, mlonyeni nezembali.

Uninzi amabali badalwa kwixesha Edo kunye nexesha uxwebhu olusisiseko, ngoko encinane eziqhelekileyo kubantu zanamhlanje wachaza izithethe ezingaqhelekanga, indlela yobomi kunye neengxaki. Ngokuphathelele oku abadlali abaninzi rakugo ubhale amabali satirical ngemiba yangoku ngokwabo.

Enye uhlobo Ose manzai ingqalelo. Le ncoko ehlekisayo, neengcambu zawo kule ntetho i yemveli loNyaka oMtsha, ephelekwa ngokucula, ukudanisa nokwenza ngaphandle izigcawu comedy. Ngokuthe ngcembe manzai kuhlangani- of slapstick, ezomculo kunye nezinye iintlobo owamenza ngakumbi idumile wavumela ukuba on TV.

Ithiyetha Ose thaca kunye neentlobo nanivabusi (a uhlobo ballad) kunye Code (ukufunda art). Codan libali, esekelwe kwintsebenzo amagcisa abajikelezayo. Lo mxholo yokuqala yamabali (idabi amaxesha elidlulileyo) eyandisiweyo, kwaye ziquka iingxaki usapho, ecaleni abagwebi, cishe iziganeko zezopolitiko, izenzeko awuqhelekanga ubomi abemi abaqhelekileyo. Noko ke, asingabo bonke izihloko bayakhuthazwa ngabasemagunyeni. ngomdlalo badla nokuba esalelweyo.

Ushwankathe-

Traditional Theatre Japanese - ihlabathi emibalabala kunye nezintsonkothileyo yayo Izakhi abadlali, iimvumi, iimaski, imihombiso, izinxibo, ukwakhiwa, oonodoli, ukudanisa. Konke oku kwenza i hlabathi elikhethekileyo unrepeatable obufihlakeleyo Japanese zobugcisa kumabala emidlalo.