Yintoni na isakhiwo projekthi? Isakhiwo sombutho we projekthi. Ubume ulawulo lweprojekthi lombutho

Ubume projekthi isetyenziselwa ukugqiba isiphumo sokugqibela ukuze kufunyanwe, kwakunye nokudibanisa kunye ezifunekayo izixhobo, izenzo, abasebenzi nezixhobo. Isakhiwo ikwavumela iziqalelo ukuba wahlanganisa kuphela imveliso okanye iimveliso ngenxa apho kuvela, kodwa bona ngokwabo omnye komnye. Formation le projekthi kufuneka iqale nesibakala sokuba ekupheleni komsebenzi. Ngoko kukho uhlahlelo enkulu phezu iibloko kuqhubeka zahlule kwaye sikhulise Imali ukuya logama nje aziyi kuqwalaselwa iinkcukacha ezininzi ngomzuzu okufunekayo kwimveliso. Le nkqubo kwakhona kubandakanya ukusekwa kokufakelwa kuphela nkqo kodwa tyaba phakathi kwezakhi, ukuba isenzo eso kuyimfuneko.

Yintoni na isakhiwo projekthi?

Imisebenzi yayo nayiphi na inkampani ehlabathini kuqala kunye nophuhliso lwesicwangciso eqhelekileyo amanyathelo. Hi xikombiso, le nkampani ine umyalelo sobonelelo pasta. Ngoku ulawulo, amasebe ezizodwa, abahlalutyi kunye namanye amaqela anomdla ukwenza isicwangciso, yaye oko kukuthi isakhiwo yeprojekthi yophuhliso. Kulo mzekelo, kufuneka wazi apho ukuze ufumane izinto ekrwada nalapho nomqheba wakhe kurhulumente oyifunayo. Kuye iibhloko ezimbini. Ngamnye kubo eyazo. Lo mbuzo izinto raw enokwaphulwa ezantsi umnikezi wophendlo, kunye yokuthutha uvavanyo esemgangathweni. processing of raw materials, ke, nazo lahlulwe. Kufuneka isigqibo igumbi ukusebenzisa, apho ukufumana izixhobo, iingcali, installers ukuqala mjikelo wemveliso. Oku kuphela umzekelo olula kakhulu, njengoko zokuya kufikelela kweminye imilinganiselo iya kwahlulwa kude kungabikho mibuzo. Oku yindlela isakhiwo ephambili yeprojekthi ngoncedo ukuze kufikelelwe kwiziphumo zinqwenelekayo lingaphelanga ixesha elinikiweyo. Xa umdlali ngamnye uya baqonde ngokuchanekileyo iindima zabo nangezenzo, abathi baqonde ngayo oko kwenziwe into ethile nganye kwaye oko kufuneka baphume ekugqibeleni, kuphela yokusebenza ubuninzi lweshishini ziza kuphunyezwa.

isakhiwo Ukunikezela

Eyona elula Isakhiwo umbutho kuyilo echazwe apha ngasentla. Kodwa kuphela ekuqaleni. Kukho into enje nje isakhiwo olwalubizwa, nobhaliweyo inkqubo wombutho lilonke ngqo kwiprojekthi ethile. Kukho inkampani ethile apho kukho ukwahlukana okucacileyo imisebenzi, iimpawu, imijikelo imveliso kunye uphendlo kubasebenzi. Kodwa yonke indlela ukusebenza, ulawulo kufuneka kuqala ukufumana iprojekthi efanelekileyo, nto leyo eya kuzisa inzuzo. Oku lijongene kwinkampani eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo eye isakhiwo yalo. Olu uhlobo yokuzinikela mbutho. Umzekelo, inkampani iye mveliso iimveliso zesinyithi. Inkqubo esebenza, kodwa akucaci ukuba kuya kuba nenzuzo ukuba athengise, yaye yintoni iimveliso kuya kubangela ilahleko. Ukuze wenze oku, oko oqesha enye inkampani ufunda imarike aze anike iingcebiso zophando. Ngokusekelwe kuwo, yonke indlela yomsebenzi nkampani yokuqala uqalisa ukusebenza.

Uhlobo ombaxa

Olu hlobo yesibini, nto leyo uthathe isakhiwo kulawulo lweprojekthi. Oku kuthetha ubukho kwiinkampani ezimbini, nganye kuzo yenza inxalenye yalo msebenzi. Emva koko, ezi izinto uxhulumanisa, kwaye imveliso yokugqibela. Kunjalo ngqo iiprojekthi ngaphakathi kwinkampani enye. Thabatha, umzekelo, inkampani leyo inxaxheba ekudalweni imidlalo yekhompyutha. Enye isebe lakhe linoxanduva lokwenza yemizobo, kwaye eyesibini - kuba lwendaba. Kuphela xa kukho omabini amacandelo ukulungele kwaye inxibelelene enye kwenye, apho kuya kubakho imveliso ogqityiweyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kuye kwaba lelinye isebe elinye (okanye inkampani) olunika intsebenziswano phakathi izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo ukulawula imisebenzi yabo.

imizi-

Loo isakhiwo iphawulwa uyilo nangoko ezininzi kumasebe (okanye ishishini), nganye eneyazo kwindawo yayo yoxanduva. Kulo mzekelo umdlalo computer efanayo inkqubo yonke khangela into enjengale oku: kukho sisikhokelo ukuba uthathe isinqumo kwi ekuqaleni kwendalo imveliso leyo. Ngaphezu koko, kukho iyantlukwano eziliqela, ngamnye kubo mazinike inxalenye imveliso iyonke. Abayi ku-endlwini ubuchule, kuba oko kuyimfuneko ukuba baqeshe ngaphandle uncedo. Abo ke, nayo, ungenza umsebenzi ngokwakho okanye kobo omnye umntu. Oko sisiseko yenkampani nje iibhloko ezimbalwa okanye amasebe. Abanye yonke benze umbutho yomntu wesithathu. Kodwa isiphumo isiphelo esiya kuba abasebenzi inkampani engumzali i.

isakhiwo functional

Ngaphezu waxelelwa ngakumbi malunga lombutho umsebenzi kwishishini, lo gama ulawulo iprojekthi bonke inobudlelwane ngqo. Kodwa isakhiwo functional, nto leyo ngaxeshanye obanzi kakhulu kwaye ethandwa, sele ethetha ngokungqalileyo ukuba ezi projekthi. Umgaqo iyonke emva kwakhe kwinkulungwane yama-20, maks Veber zavela. Ukususela ngoko, hayi kakhulu itshintshe. Ezo Isakhiwo sombutho we ulawulo lweeprojekthi ahluka yi uluhlu engqongqo igunya, ukwahlulwa amagunya, nemisebenzi zabasebenzi. Ngenkuthalo isicelo komgangatho zonke izenzo ezenziwa kwaye uququzelelo ngqo yonke inkqubo. Akukho yesazisi nomphetho intonga nemisebenzi yayo ilungu, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba kuyimisela omnye komnye. iimpawu eziphambili ezintle kwesi sakhiwo zezi kushukunyiswa kunokwenzeka ezikhethiweyo, ukunciphisa inani elipheleleyo imisebenzi kunye ugcino elininzi lwezibonelelo. Kwakhona Ngelo xesha kukho kuneengxaki ebonakalayo. Ngoko ke, kukho wedwa lamasebe ahlukeneyo, inani kongquzulwano kweli qela, kunciphisa ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo kumjikelo yemveliso lonke, yaye ngokuthe ngcembe unxibelelwano intsonkothe ngaphezulu phakathi kwamasebe tyaba, eyayifuna iphetshwe. Ngokusisiseko, konke oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle zolawulo eziphezulu. Ubume nemisebenzi elula ifuna ubuncinane, kodwa kwiinkokeli - ubuninzi. Ziye ke kunyanzelekile ukuba i modem ayisebenzi iziqalelo incinane kwaye zinika intsebenziswano ecacileyo kakhulu phakathi kwamaqela tye amalungiselelo.

njengabalamli

Ekubeni maks Veber yaba waseJamani, akumangalisi ukuba babe nenkqubo enjalo ukusebenza ngempumelelo. Xa umongo yokuphazamiseka eliphakathi okanye kakhulu kwabasebenzi yolawulo amashishini basekhaya mfuneko kokuxhuma links. Enyanisweni, ukuba phinda imisebenzi ziintloko ngaphandle kwamalungelo zolawulo, kodwa sinakho ubunakho olubanzi ulawulo. Ngenxa yeprojekthi ubume umsebenzi yokuwa ezikhuphile i ngcamango efana mediators. Aba bantu ezizodwa (okanye amasebe yonke) elawula intsebenziswano phakathi izitropu tye. Ekugqibeleni, le abaququzeleli ukunika ulawulo abaphezulu isiphumo sokugqibela kunye iisuphavayiza, umsebenzi nto leyo azezi ukudluliselwa imithetho kunye nolawulo jikelele. Ukuba uzama ndzulu ngqo kule projekthi kunye nokubonelela intsebenziswano phakathi imiyalelo ngamnye, ngokuqhelekileyo le meko iya isiba mbi kuphela.

isakhiwo Matrix

Le fomu elilandelayo, olwenzeka njengoko inani yabameli. Loo isakhiwo yale projekthi ishishini kuthiwa matrix. Ingxaki ephambili apha ilele kanye kukuba abaququzeleli efanayo alawula okuninzi yaye sisondela neNtloko imisebenzi yayo. Kunzima kakhulu ukwahlula ngokucacileyo phakathi, enokuthi ibonise inkokeli, nokuba - enye. Ukuze kube lula, bahlukene kuyilo kunye neenkokheli ezisebenzayo. Okokuqala inika inkqubo eqhelekileyo yentsebenziswano phakathi kwamasebe. Ziye ke kunyanzelekile ukuba ngokucacileyo kuyaqondakala adlulisela ukubheka yonke ingcamango, kwakunye ukuqonda awohluke lamacandelo yomsebenzi. Kufuneka ukuseka uqhagamshelwano phakathi kwabasebenzi ezahlukeneyo awajonge sivumelane, iminqweno kunye nezicelo. Kwakhona, aba balawuli banoxanduva nayiphi na imeko esingenakubonwa kwangaphambili kunye nokungabikho ungquzulwano. Le abaphathi bomsebenzi, ziya kuqinisekisa ukufumaneka kwezibonelelo ezifunekayo, amisele ixesha kunye nendawo yomsebenzi, zinoxanduva umgangatho imveliso eyenziweyo, kwakunye nokuhambisana neemfuno lowu. Aba bantu kufuneka ngokukhawuleza ukutshintsha kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ezingaginyisi lo msebenzi. Kufuneka ukufumana indlela yokuphuma neemeko ezinzima nokukhuthaza ukuveliswa iimveliso umgangatho enokubangwa ixesha.

uhlobo design

Esi sakhiwo projekthi nto iluncedo ingakumbi kwabo iintlobo iinkampani, bonke abenza imisebenzi ebotshelelwe iiprojekthi omnye okanye ngaphezulu. Kulo mzekelo, ngamnye kubo yonke into kufuneka ukuba enze imisebenzi yabo. Umzekelo, kusenokubakho amasebe eziliqela accounting, amasebe zemali, ii-ofisi yoyilo, njalo-njalo ngeprojekthi nganye ngokwahlukeneyo. Ezinye iiyunithi, ezingaqukwanga kwi nayiphi na amaqela ezibonelela ngenkxaso ezizodwa, nakuba umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu. Isebe okulo leHR ingaba enye yaye ukuphendula izicelo ezivela onke amasebe. Ezinjalo, umzekelo, inokuba iprojekthi isakhiwo yotyalo-mali. S uxanduva okusegazini zomqeshwa ngamnye iziphumo zokugqibela, kuba ulawulo bhetyebhetye kakhulu kwaye akuboni kunye nokungabikho izenzo ezichazwe ngokucacileyo ngomqeshwa ngamnye. izakhiwo ezinjalo ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ukufumana kwakhona, ukuba aphendule kwiimeko engaqhelekanga ukwenza ii-odolo kweli xesha lifutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Ngokwahlukana nezici

Zonke izakhiwo zolawulo lweeprojekthi lombutho zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini amakhulu - kunye organisticheskie ngomatshini. Le yokuqala inkqubo yona ibonelela inkqubo esebenza, kwaye le yesibini - matrix. Project ungena ngqo zombini iindidi, ngenxa yokuba bhetyebhetye kakhulu. izakhiwo ngomatshini iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezicacileyo amandla nkqo, akulawule imisebenzi kunye nezenzo abasebenzi, njalo-njalo. Organisticheskie, phezu koko, kulula kakhulu, bhetyebhetye, yaye musa abonisa ngokucacileyo iimpawu yomqeshwa ngamnye njani kwaye yintoni ukukwenza. Zombini iinketho banelungelo lokuba khona. Okokuqala ifanele ukwenziwa kweemveliso eziphathekayo. Ngokomzekelo, imoto. Xa wonke umsebenzi iza kwenza kuphela imisebenzi yakhe, akukho nto iza kumphazamisa. Kodwa apha ngaphezulu iiprojekthi zobuchule kuluncedo ukusebenzisa isakhiwo matrix, njengokuba ngamanye amaxesha le "non-umgangatho" intsebenziswano phakathi kubasebenzi unika iziphumo zamawonga ngeendleko eziphantsi.

indalo

Isicwangciso seprojekthi unzima kubume umzobo, kuba konke oko kuxhomekeke kuye emva koko inkqubo yemveliso. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba abeke iinjongo ngqo lokuqala ukuchonga iintshukumo ezithile. Kuqala khetha kanye imilo ngesakhiwo. Inokuthelekiseka nesakho iimpawu intsebenziswano phakathi onke amaqela projekthi, ngeenjongo umxholo wayo, kwaye asebenze ngempumelelo kwi-sikhokelo bume ekhoyo lwangaphandle. isakhiwo ulawulo lweprojekthi idla wadala kanye ixesha elide, ngoko ke kungcono ukuba bachithe ixesha elininzi, kodwa ukufumana iziphumo kakhulu ngempumelelo kunokuba rhoqo ukutshintsha kwixa elizayo. Inqanaba elilandelayo - isicwangciso oluneenkcukacha ngemeko yangoku. Ekupheleni ukuya lwemethodoloji, sombutho, ulwazi kunye namanye amaxwebhu luncedo ngalinye nqanaba, isebe, okanye iqela labaqeshwa. Kwakhona, okubandakanya ukuqeshwa kwabantu, iinkcazo zomsebenzi, ukuba ubukho neemfuno ziingcali, kwakunye nokusetyenziswa kuphela inxalenye yale mali yeprojekthi iyonke.

Ukusasazwa kweendawo uxanduva

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ubume besebe zeprojekthi isekelwe phezu uxanduva zonke iindidi zabasebenzi. Ngokusengqiqweni, ayanda nomdla womsebenzi omnye, lo olusebenzayo ukugqithisela lona inkqubo iyonke. Ukuba kwaziswa onke amaqela abantu ababandakanyekayo kule projekthi, ukubaluleka iintshukumo olwenziwe kubo kunye nefuthe kwi siphumo. Kakade ke, musa ukulibala malunga uxanduva. Kuyimfuneko ukuba achaze indlela ezibangele ngemiphumo esiya xa non-ukuthotyelwa umqeshwa imisebenzi yayo. Ungakwazi nokuseta umvuzo ukusebenza oluchanekileyo kunye izohlwayo ngenxa yeempazamo. Yonke le nto kufuneka ukuba nazi, unyanzelekile ukuba unikezele ulwazi ukuze babe elula kunye nokufikeleleka. Umzekelo, kwenye indawo kwinkcazo emisebenzi engacacanga kwathiwa ukuba Sidorov oomatshini akayi ukusebenza ngendlela ekumele, uya kohlwaywa. Oku alufanelekanga. Kufuneka ube nelungelo bathi iinkcukacha lowo yena kufuneka ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba imoto wahamba. Ngaphandle koku, le projekthi iza kuqhekeka, kwaye inkampani ziya kubizwa ilahleko $ 1 yezigidi. A fault iya kuba nguye yedwa. Kodwa ukuba Umkhandi uya kwenza into enye kakhulu ngexesha elinye, uya kufumana ibhonasi yesiqingatha lomvuzo. Zonke ecacile neqondakalayo kunye nokufikeleleka. isigwebo esikhankanyiweyo kuyakhuthaza.

iinkcukacha Iimpawu

Kwiimeko ezininzi, ingakumbi xa kusetyenziswa ngomatshini Umsebenzi weprojekthi isakhiwo nokwaphuka, iinkcukacha eliphezulu nawuphi na umcimbi efunekayo. Kufuneka siqhubeke zahlule nezinto gama kukho njengoko kuya kubakho iindawo zi-. Kwezinye iimeko, le nkqubo kungavela xa le projekthi iya kuqalisa umsebenzi wayo, ukuba nje awukuchaphazeli ukusebenza yonke imisebenzi. Kodwa kukho amaqela apho ukupeyinta inyathelo ngqo kunye neenkcukacha ubuninzi kuphazamise kuphela. Ngokuqhelekileyo libhekisela kwiqela ngobuchule. Hi xikombiso, le meko ichazwe ngasentla kunye nokudalwa komdlalo computer. Ukuba unika umyalelo ocacileyo kubo bonke abasebenzi, imveliso iza kusekwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye kunye iindleko ezincinci. Noko ke, baya kuhoywa izimvo ezinkulu okanye izimvo ebhadlileyo kuzo zonke nxaxheba kule projekthi, okwenza imidlalo laliphakathi nje ukwenza umsebenzi wobugcisa esifanelwe yokuphumelela.

ngenxa

Isakhiwo lonke projekthi ubotshiwe sishukumisa ukuze ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye ngokuchanekileyo njengoko kufunwa yi inkqubo yokuvelisa yangoku. Kunzima ukusebenzisa imigangatho efanayo kunye nemizekelo ngokupheleleyo zonke iinkampani ngaphandle kokukhetha. Kufuneka uwave ingqalelo ezininzi iimpawu kunye iinketho ukuba asenokungacaci abaqeshwa abaninzi ekuqaleni kwendalo le projekthi, kodwa ube yingxaki kakhulu kufutshane ekupheleni kwayo. Kwaye eyona nto ibalulekileyo ukukhumbula - uyilo projekthi amazwi fixed scheme. kwaye kufuneka ziphuhliswe oko nga phambili, yaza yahluzwa nzulu. Kuphela ngale ndlela kuya kuba lula ukuphumeza ukusebenza liphezulu lemali okungenani ixesha kunye nezibonelelo kwenkxamleko eninzi.