Yintoni na incwadi yokwaliwa? Yintoni na le mithetho?

Stocks, bonds, amatyala kunaniselwano - na izibambiso, nganye eneyazo uneempawu zawo. izabelo eziqhelekileyo, umzekelo, abanelungelo lokuvota, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwintlanganiso yoosozabelo, abanini yabo ukufumana izahlulo. Ke izabelo eziqhelekileyo, njengoko umthetho, sinelungelo ngasentla, ukuba ezi izibambiso ngazo esidlangalaleni.

Bond - yinto isixhobo ityala enika umnini ilungelo lokufumana ixabiso wesiqhelo kunye, kwezinye iimeko, icwecwana njengepesenti yexabiso elifanelekileyo. Kuba ezo iinkampani kukhupha bonds, ukuba inguqulelo mboleko. Kuba abo othenga ngayo - ukukwazi ukwenza intlawulo coupon, nto leyo maxa wambi ngaphezu inzala iidiphozithi zebhanki. Esitokisini neebhondi idla kukhutshwa kwifomu uncertificated, ifom yobhaliso kwi-akhawunti kwaye izibambiso equity.

Xa iingcali ukuthetha malunga nesihloko "Yintoni na ityala?", Babeka nemvelo yalo ekhethekileyo. Kuyinto Promissory ukhuseleko kwamatyala kwaye ngokufanelekileyo ihonjiswe uxwebhu lwephepha, nto leyo ibonisa ukuba umenzi unyanzelekile ukuba ahlawule isixa ibhujiswe elikhankanywe (note promissory). Ezi izibambiso zikhutshwa basoloko kwiifomu ezizodwa uprinte yoshicilelo enemvume. Ukukhuselwa, iintlobo ezinjalo kufuneka ubuncinane iphepha ezizodwa, watermark, imisonto Polymer, umbhalo micro. kubaboleki ezinkulu akhuphe izibambiso uyilo elikhethekileyo izidanga eyongezelelweyo yokhuseleko.

Ukongeza, kukho kwakhona elula conversion option ukuzibophelela. Yintoni a inqaku promissory ezikhutshwe kule fomu? It busenza ukuba ubukho komyalelo (isindululo) ukuba umntu onika ukhuseleko, kwidilesi yenethiwekhi kuhlawulwe umnini isixa esithile kwi yothuba elithile sexesha. Ukuze isixhobo ngokwezimali ngokukhuselekileyo ngayo kwimarike, xa udumo Umnikeli ukuba abe "obolekayo" eyiyo, esele uzalisekisa nezibophelelo zawo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukwandisa nomtsalane ebusweni, ovulela ezi zibophelelo, angene kwisivumelwano jikelele okanye isivumelwano eyahlukileyo (umzekelo, iziko ngetyala), apho wena uzisa le eyilwayo. Lo msebenzi kuthetha ukuba ibhanki kufuneka uhlawule ityala yomntu noxanduva ukwenzela ukhuseleko.

Mhlawumbi ezinye ziya kuba nomdla ukwazi ukuba bill esinjalo ngendlela zembali. Olu xwebhu uvele Italy ngeenxa kwenkulungwane ye-12. Ilizwe yaba liziko, abarhwebi apha ezivela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi kunye imali zabo. A ezahlukeneyo lwemali kwakhokelela ekubeni yokuba wathabatha zabatshintshi bemali. Badla ngokusebenza kunye nembuyekezo iya amanqaku intengiselwano iincwadi zabo, ngelo xesha lifike notarization. Xa urhwebo ukwenza imali ivela emzini omnye komnye kuye kwaba yingozi. Ngoko ke oosomashishini banikela imali moneychanger bhanki, wenza ungeno kwi ncwadi, wasiphinda kuxwebhu elahlukileyo, nto leyo ukuvelisa enye bhanki. Ngoko kwabakho inguqulelo iguqulelwe kwesixhobo zemali.

Yintoni na incwadi yokwaliwa inkqubo yezimali Russian? Kwi-pre-perestroika ixesha lokuhamba ezi izibambiso ngokuyintloko umlinganiswa kwezoqoqosho lwangaphandle. Nge Kwabonakala ke kokufika lobudlelwane zeemarike kunye nemisebenzi bill. Ekuqaleni 90 ubudala, zange alaqhenqetha kukuhla kwamandla emali phezulu, ukudodobala kwezoqoqosho. kubaboleki negama yesicwangciso onjalo wabonakala kuphela ngo-1994-95. ebusweni kweenkampani ezinkulu kunye neebhanki. Emva ingxaki 1998 , umthetho oyilwayo wenza njengoko izixhobo ezixhasa amatyala yenkqubo yemali. Okwangoku, ukuba asetyenziswe kakhulu, kunye nezinye ii-asethi kwiintlobo ngeentlobo imicimbi zentlawulo kunye nengeniso.