Yintoni na div ukuba 'Pascal "? Ukudibanisa, izibalo kunye nemizekelo

nyaka ngamnye imfuno wobugcisa Ndingumqondisi. Okwangoku yokubhala khowudi zisetyenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni iilwimi kweshumi kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Ukuze wenze inkqubo yokufunda iprogram yekhompyutha esebenza ngakumbi, abafundi bezikolo zamabanga aphakamileyo kunye nabafundi zeekhosi 1-2 bafundiswa kuqala ukudala izicelo zakho kulwimi "Pascal". Imisebenzi div kunye mod, kunye nezinye izibalo phakathi kwayo ugxininiso kweli nqaku.

Amazwi ambalwa ulwimi Pascal

"Pascal" yadalwa 1968-1969 yi-nzulu esidumileyo Niklaus Wirth, owathi kamva imbasa Turing Award kunye imbasa "Pioneer zobugcisa computer." Last nje phambi kokuba bathathe inxaxheba kuphuhliso lolwimi umgangatho "Algol-68." Kwinqaku yapapashwa ngowe-1970, eyona njongo iphambili umsebenzi wakhe Wirth ebizwa ekudalweni sisixhobo esisebenzayo esebenzisa iinkqubo enemveliso data.

Kamva, ulwimi "Pascal" uye waba negalelo elikhulu kakhulu kwizifundo zobuxhakaxhaka bolwazi, abe omnye wenqwelwana. Nanamhla oku, busekelwe phezu kwawo ukuba iinkqubo zoqeqesho lobungcali ezininzi yunivesithi aphambili ehlabathini.

Yintoni ukwahlulwa elipheleleyo

Kwimathematika, phantsi kwesihloko ukuqonda ukusebenza integers ezimbini. Ngenxa kwicandelo elipheleleyo womnye kubo komnye, oko ke inxenye QUOTIENT. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba:

24: 6 = 4;

100: 3 = 33

55: 6 = 9;

kwaye njalo njalo.

Elipheleleyo candelo ukwabizwa ngokuba ekufumaneni QUOTIENT buso.

Qaphela ukuba lo msebenzi, ukuba tivi incinane, umahluli, isiphumo ngu zero.

Ukuchaza ukuba ngenxa kwicandelo elipheleleyo ukuya b, zombini q. ke

t. e. kwisahlulo lwenziwa ngengqiqo njengesiqhelo, kulandele ngokusondeza umphumo kwinani elikufutshane licala elincinci.

Intsebenziswano div "Pascal"

div - In ulwimi lwethu inika umqhubi eyodwa yokwahlukana elipheleleyo. Ibinzana NjengoPascal, ifomula yayo uchazwe apha ngasentla, kuya kuba ifomu:

q: = a div b.

Ukuba sithetha constants, Ngokomzekelo, omnye = 50 b = 9, ngoko siya kuba q: = 50 div 9. Ngenxa yoko, q iya kulingana ku-5.

Ukubalwa esele

Intsebenziswano div "Pascal" lidla ifundwa kunye mod. Ngaphambi sifumanisa ukuba yintoni na intsingiselo yalo ngxelo, khangela indlela wena unako ukufumana ezinye inani.

Ngokucacileyo, ingafunyanwa kusetyenziswa ixabiso afunyenwe ngenxa kwicandelo elipheleleyo, okt. E.

r = i - 'bx' q.

Operation Mod ngo "Pascal"

E NjengoPascal, fumana intsalela kunokuba lula kakhulu. Kuba ezi iinjongo inikwe mod yomqhubi yokubini.

Kubhaliwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

r = mod b.

Ukuba, umzekelo, kukho = 50 b = 9, ngoko ke kufuneka r: = 50 mod 9. Ngenxa yoko, r ilingana ku-4.

bangazisebenzisa

Ukufumana intsalela yokwahlula (r) esetyenziswa kwi computer kunye zonxibelelwano. Ekubeni imisebenzi yolawulo ezinjalo eyenziwe, kwaye amanani random kuluhlu elinganiselweyo.

umqhubi mod, yaye isetyenziselwa ukugqiba ubuninzi amanani, m. e. divisibility senombolo omnye komnye kunye result elipheleleyo. Licacile elokuba, ezi zinto iperi amanani, apho Ngokusebenzisa umqhubi unika 0 mod.

Xa "Pascal" imeko ubuninzi angabhalwa ngolu hlobo:

ukuba mod b = 0 uze ubhale (a, 'esibayeni', b).

Ngokomzekelo, xa ikhowudi imeko isiqalo abhalwe ngasentla ukuba amaxabiso a = 4 b = 2 kwi esweni izakubonisa othi "4 lunemiba 2".

Ukongeza, le mod umsebenzisi zingasetyenziswa ukubonisa umvo wokugqibela kwinani ubhalo lokugqibela. Ukuze wenze oku, sebenzisa r ukwakhiwa = mod 10. Umzekelo, umyalelo r = 37 mod 10 7 uya isiphumo.

trunc yomsebenzisi

Kukho omnye umqhubi, apho ungafumana iziphumo efanayo ukusuka div ukuya 'Pascal ". Kumalunga trunc, leyo asisebenzi kuphela integers. Ovelisa isiphumo njengoko elipheleleyo isabelo ingxabano iqhezu. Kunye umsebenzisi "obuqhelekileyo" afunyenwe ngokwahlula isiphumo esifanayo. Cinga mzekelo ungentla. Makungaphumi = 51 b = 9. Ngoko ke q umyalelo: = 51 9 div ukufumana q: = 5, thina masifumane ngenxa ngokusondeza. Ukuba, ke, isicelo inani elifanayo kuwo abaqhubi trunc, ngoko q: = trunc (51/9) uya q: .. = 5, oko kukuthi, kufuneka isiphumo esifanayo.

UMZEKELO 1

Cinga ngendlela ungasebenzisa div kunye mod kwi "Pascal" ukusombulula iingxaki ezenziwayo. Masithi kufuneka ufumane inani lamasuntswana yenani nemivo emibini. Le ukubonisana ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Njengoko sele kuchaziwe ngentla, owokugqibela lamanani amanani zingafumaneka ngokusebenzisa kuyo kunye nenombolo-10, lo mod umqhubi lowo;
• Njengoko ku inani lokuqala, ke kuya kuthi, ukuba indawo mod kwi iqela kwi div "Pascal".

Thina bhala ikhowudi zolwimi "Pascal". Kuya kukhangela ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Sum_2 program; (Igama Programme)

var Number, Number1, Number2, Sum: elipheleleyo; (A kufakwa eziguquguqukayo kanye ukugqiba udidi lwabo, njengoko ixabiso lenani elipheleleyo)

ukuqala (ekuqaleni inkqubo yomzimba)

bhala ( 'inani elinemivo ezimbini Input'); (Bonisa ibinzana elithi "Igalelo inani elinemivo Two")

funda (Number); (Ungeniso kokuqala inani)

Number1: = Inani div 10; (Ukubalwa umvo lokuqala)

Number2: = Inani mod 10; (Ukubalwa umvo yesibini)

sum: = Number1 + Number2; (Ukubalwa isixa amanani)

bhala (Sum); (Umphumela imveliso kwi screen)

ekupheleni.

Kuba inombolo 25, ngenxa yokusebenzisa le nkqubo 7, kunye, umzekelo, 37 - 9.

UMZEKELO 2

Bhala ikhowudi kwinkqubo ubala udibaniso lwamaxabiso inombolo enamanani ama-3 ngamanani.

Indlela yokufumana inani yakutshanje - kuyaqondakala. Yinto inzima kwaye ekubaleni 1. Kuyenzeka ngenxa tirhisa div umqhubi ku "Pascal" kule nombolo kunye 100. Kuhlala ukumisela ukufumana indlela umvo yesibini. Ukuze wenze oku, ungasebenzisa uyilo nobunzima kakhulu, nto leyo ifunyenwe ukuba kwinani lokuqala, kwaye isicelo div yomsebenzisi-10, uze emva koko uye umphumo kunye 10 mod yomsebenzisi.

ikhowudi inkqubo yokubala isixa zekhadi inani elinemivo emithathu iza kuba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Sum_3 program; (Igama Programme)

var Number3, Sum: elipheleleyo; (A kufakwa eziguquguqukayo kanye ukugqiba udidi lwabo, njengoko ixabiso lenani elipheleleyo)

ukuqala (ekuqaleni inkqubo yomzimba)

bhala ( 'inombolo Tree-digit Input'); (Bonisa ibinzana «Igalelo Tree-digit inombolo»)

funda (Number3); (Ungeniso kokuqala inani)

Sum: = Number3 div 100 + Number3 mod 10 + Number3 div 10 mod 10; (Ukubalwa isixa)

bhala ( 'Sum); (Umphumela imveliso kwi screen)

ekupheleni.

amanye amanqaku

Qaphela ukuba lo msebenzi eqhelekileyo hlula xa isicelo elipheleleyo iingxoxo ngaphaya kwiklasi zabo. Oku kuyaphi izahlule ukusebenza div "Pascal", kwakunye njengomsebenzisi mod, leyo ukunika isiphumo ibe yinombolo.

Umyalelo yokwenza uhlobo imisebenzi yokubini (m. E. Olwenziwa kwi operands 2) ngendlela ibinzana oluntsonkothileyo ugqitywa kuqala zabo yegama. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba kukho izibiyeli kuvavanywa yokuqala imbonakalo ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene. Umsebenzi *, /, mod kunye div zizinto kwabaphambili abaphezulu ngakumbi + ne -. Ukuba kwizibiyeli akakho, kuqala ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene kufuneka ibe ukwenza iintshukumo kunye kuqala aphezulu, uze emva koko - + ne -.

Ke kaloku, ukuba uyazi ukuba yintoni na umsebenzi lisetyenziswa div "Pascal". Uyazi kwakhona amathuba wanikela ukusetyenziswa umqhubi mod nto, kuba ngokuqinisekileyo, iya kukunceda ukuba wenze izicelo zakho.