Yintoni Ipo kangakanani kubiza umnikeli

Ipo - wokuqala uluntu umba kwizabelo ze nkampani, oluqhutywa, ngokuqhelekileyo Stock Exchange. Le ungayiqondiyo kunokuba ezithandwayo kwanawezayo kuthi, evela izenzo Western. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo ngokwawo ilawulwa ngumthetho Russian, ingakumbi, lo mthetho "Ngomhla Securities Market". Ubeka iinkqubo ezifana ubhaliso isigqibo ngomba we izibambiso equity , iimfuno lweefomu esiqinisekisa amalungelo elijongene inkqubo wokukhutshwa, ubhaliso karhulumente, kwiimfuno zokuqala kunye nabanye. Onke amanqanaba imveliso kufuneka bathobele lo mthetho kunye neminye imiqathango (kubandakanywa evunywe yi inkonzo Federal yeemarike zezimali).

Yintoni Ipo enkabeni yalo? Wena wayenokuthi ngokusisiseko le ntetho inkqubo yenkampani izimali ukuze izibambiso owokugqibela banomdla - baza bathenga ngawo. Amaqela kule nkqubo yokukhutshwa inkampani, underwriters, nelothe-abaphathi (idla a bank), iqonga yorhwebo kunye nabanye abantu. Indima engundoqo edlalwa yi-underwriters, owathi ngenxa yentwana intlawulo iza kuqinisekisa ukuba le Ipo uya kubanjwa.

Phambi kokwenza kuxoxwe, inkampani ngendlela ethile izakhe ngokwezoqoqosho. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka ube nomtsalane kwiingxelo zemali kangangeminyaka eliqela kunye nethemba elungileyo kuphuhliso, ngokuba yonke umtyali unomdla utyalo-mali ekhuselekileyo kunye nenzuzo. Ukuba le nkampani yaziwa ngokubanzi iimveliso zayo, ukuba liphumeze inkqubo inowuthi promissory, ukuba akhuphe imixokelelwane, amathuba ukubeka ngempumelelo yezabelo ukunyuka. Ngaphezu koko, i "udumo" ikuvumela ukuba ubambe umba yokuqala karhulumente kunye neendleko ncinci ukuya entlanganweni. nomnikelo umphakathi ibandakanya ukubekwa lezabelo kwi istock exchange, ngoko ke sobunyani kufuneka sazi ukuba idibana njani neemfuneko kwindawo ethile - ukusuka Russian MICEX-a th ukuya NYSE angaphandle okanye LSE.

ulwazi lwezemali kunye nezinye luyasuka kumphathi elikhokelayo, leyo ulungiselela kunye namalungiselelo nememorandam ulwazi kwishishini-ekuthiwa road show. Ekuhambeni iintlanganiso zayo kunye nabathengi ezinokwenzeka sezabelo, le nkampani imelwe yaza yasasazwa inkcazelo malunga nokuba siyintoni na Ipo ziya kwenziwa kwi imihla ethile. Njengoko ilothe-umphathi ukhetha iseti underwriters ngokwesiseko into yokugqibela kufuneka isiseko-mali, indlela elungileyo igama, yintoni na iindleko zeenkonzo.

Securities kwi Ipo inokubekwa ngokusebenzisa ezi ndlela zilandelayo:

1. Indlela amaxabiso ezisisigxina. Le ndlela inika ukufikelela kakhulu ngokulinganayo kubo bonke abatyali, abo bafuna nje ukuba ukhethe ukuba uthenge kangakanani izibambiso.

2. Veza. Kulo meko, izabelo ethengiswa kwindawo yokuqala kwabo na kuhlawula ngaphezulu.

3. Incwadi indlela apho i common kakhulu. Intsingiselo inkqubo kukuba, kwi-sikhokelo show wendlela inika inkcazelo malunga obonelela abatyali-mali. Emva koko bazobe incwadi kwee-odolo underwriters, ungabeka ixabiso kwaye inike izabelo. Xa inani lamatyala, non-ukutyalwa lwengozi uxanduva yonke phezu umlamleli, njengoko yena uthenga impahla ethile lezabelo ngokwabo.

Yintoni i Ipo - ngokwemimiselo yeendleko inkampani? Iingcali qaphela ukuba kakhulu yinkqubo ebizayo, ngokuba iinkonzo yabameli sinakho ukulawula ngo-3% yemali ukukhutshwa kunye iindleko ezongezelelweyo amagqwetha, ezimali, ii-arhente zeentengiso kuba malunga ne-1,5 yezigidi. zeerandi eRashiya yaye ngaphezulu kwe-2.5 yezigidi. ukubeka angaphandle.