Yintoni inkqubo emlanjeni? Owona mlambo amadama

Kwilizwekazi ngalinye imifula, ezinkulu nezincinane, ukuba nje kuphela bondliwa emachibini, Ezilwandle nasemanzini iilwandlekazi, kodwa kwakhona ukunika izixeko fresh ngamanzi kunye needolophu. Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo abantu baye bazama ukwakha nemizi yazo kufuphi namanzi. Namhlanje, phantse zonke imali, nokuba eMoscow, eParis okanye Tokyo, kuhlangene ne emlanjeni omkhulu, abalunikelwayo kwakanye esekelwe. Kodwa yintoni na inkqubo umlambo, ukusuka apho kuphuma apho uwe?

nezimaphambili ezingundoqo

Kwakungayi kuba yeelwandle namachibi, ukuba ongazizalisanga zonke wesibini zamanzi yandisa inethiwekhi kuwo onke amazwekazi. Yayo angazeki eziphezulu ezintabeni, okanye osuka emthonjeni phezu kwentaba malunga nendlela yawo yokumpompoza rhoqo atyetyisiweyo yi emvula ukunika watersheds. Umjelo ephambili idla umthamo omkhulu wamanzi, unika igama inkqubo eyakhiweyo imijelo aqukuqelayo kuwo. Ngokomzekelo, iinkqubo ezifana Yenissei okanye iVolga. Akusoloko ulwabiwo kwemithambo engundoqo amadama ngokucace kangaka. Ngokuqhelekileyo sinikele ingqalelo parameters ukhetho ezifana ubude, ahamba, isakhiwo kuloo mida, umbala kunye nomthamo wamanzi. Yintoni inkqubo umlambo sinokufunda ngokukhangela kwi Amazon, ukujikeleza kwalo macala kwaye icacile.

amachibi

yonke Ummandla womhlaba, abandinyelise ngawo amandla komlambo kuthiwa pool yayo. Kuthatha ngokubanzi emilise ellipse okanye ufana emibhaka. Ixabiso yayo iye ngqo elinamandla kubomi qoqosho nopolitiko abahlali kule ndawo bantu, izixeko namazwe. Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba amanzi - kuba bubomi, yaye apho akwanelanga, umzekelo, eAfrika, akukho nto ikhule. Kungenxa yoko le nto ookhokho bethu izilumko wazama ukuba zibekwe kufutshane emanzini. Ukuba ukhangela ipesenti indawo ihlala emachibini eyahlukileyo zonke kwilizwekazi, sinokugqiba ukuba elihle ngokunxulumene neemeko lokuhlola amanzi kweli lizwe ibekwe South (67%) kunye North (49%) of America. Kakade ke, ngenxa yokuba kukho iinkqubo umlambo omkhulu Amazon, Orinoco, Mississippi kunye Colorado.

watersheds

Watersheds - kweelayini enemiqathango okanye imivumbo, apho amaqula yahlukanisiwe ukusuka kwenye nenye. Yamanzi iphambili planethi kuthiwa ocular (A. Tillo) kwaye ayixoxe swimming pool ye-Arctic kunye Atlantic Oceans, emi 53% yendawo mhlaba zizonke, kwaye uwutshise kummandla wePasifiki kunye neelwandle Indiya, ukuba iyaziwa% 25 kuphela. ukwabiwa okunjalo ngenxa isakhiwo phezu komhlaba, kuba kunxweme ezimbini wokugqibela neelwandle oluphahlwe ups ezahlukileyo nzima umendo emlanjeni, naye kubaluleke kakhulu imvula. I-22% ye ilizwe loo nto ibizwa ngokuba yinkqubela-ndawo ukubhobhoza-zero, esibonakala yi kukuba umlambo owawuphuma apho, akukho ukufikelela kwi elwandle kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukuba iilwandle. Enye indawo sesixokelelwano lude yi-Afrika Central kunye yayo intlango weSahara kunye Kalahari. Yintoni a umlambo inkqubo ngaphandle yamanzi? Le watersheds inkulu yaye ebaluleke kakhulu kwi iincopho kolundi eziphambili entabeni. Umzekelo, eMelika, le nkqubo kunye Cordillera of the Andes, Alps eYurophu.

Asia

Hydrology ngalinye kwilizwekazi ihlukile zayo isici iimpawu. Uninzi lwemilambo ka-Asia bebaleka imvelaphi yayo malayas litshabalale ihewu Tibetan, kwaye ziquka i-Indus, Brahmaputra, iGanges, Irrawaddy, Mekong, iteksti, Salween kunye Mthubi River. Ezi imifula Lifeline ephambili, njengoko uthambise lonke uhlobo esisityebi kwezi nkalo, kwaye kuwa ngenxa elwandle ice-free eshushu. Uyakwazi ukuphawula omnye umsebenzi osemqoka imilambo Asian, abanye babo nabanako ukwahlulelana ngababini, kuba isibini ngasinye imvelaphi yayo kwindawo enye, kodwa ke bazahlule, ukuba sihlangane kwakhona kwindawo amanzi. It Irtysh and OB imilambo, iGanges kunye Brahmaputra, i iTigris nomEfrate, i Amu Darya kunye Syr Darya. Phantse zonke emlanjeni kunye nenkqubo umlambo ke iinqanawa ngenxa yokuba lo mmandla apho ke zithe zenzeka, thaca amathafa.

Europe

Machibi kakhulu elingezantsi Asian kokubini ubude nobubanzi. Eyona iphambili iza ngokuba imvelaphi sakufutshane, nto leyo ekugqibeleni kukhokelela imilambo divergence star-ezimilise, umzekelo bayixabela - it Valdai Hills, kunye nayo zivela nemilambo ezifana nemingenela iVolga Ilmenite, i Dnieper kunye neWestern Dvina. Iintlobo amachibi ezininzi mmandla, kodwa zinokudityaniswa, ngenxa yokuba kufuphi ezintabeni.

North ne Umzantsi Melika kunye Afrika

Kodwa ke isabelo ezi amazwekazi akhawunti kuninzi imilambo ngokupheleleyo-ukugeleza elide. E North America, uninzi misele i Lake bobabo uhlobo, bona uthambise inkulu emachibini ehlabathini. Xa Rocky Mountains ezantsi kwilizwekazi kukho umlambo, enika amanzi alo kwi wePasifiki kwi Atlantic Ocean, ngaba kufanelekile ukuba igama lakhe "Oceans Ababini". E-Afrika, inkqubo umlambo scheme lidla oluphazanyiswa engxangxasi oko ayivumeli ukuphuhlisa inqanawa, kodwa usebenza kuphela esezantsi. Kodwa kumantla ilizwekazi eyaziwa imilambo flow ezifana njengoMnayile, Niger Congo. Bona luphawulwa kungekho yamanzi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba udityaniso kungena eliphezulu. Ngoko wajonga koko inkqubo umlambo, ingakumbi ukusasazwa kwayo kunye nolwakhiwo amadike.