Yimalini sisinyithi kuyabiza

sele kudlule iminyaka emininzi ukususela ngoko, ngo-1869 D. I. Mendeleev wazisa uluntu layo itafile lokuqala imichiza. Kwaye namhlanje, abantu abaninzi kule planethi ukukhathalela umbuzo umdla kakhulu: "Yintoni na kubiza ntoni nokuba ingakanani sisinyithi kuyabiza kakhulu ehlabathini?" Ukuba ngamatye anqabileyo kwasekwa ukumelwa ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi othembekileyo, ngoko ulwazi meko iintsimbi mbi kakhulu ishishini. abambalwa kuphela abaya kuba nako igama intsimbi kuyabiza.

Ngoko, ke osmium Isotope 1870s. Xa periodic inkqubo Mendeleev kaThixo metal elinqabileyo kakhulu eninzi libekwe ku inani 76. Inyaniso kukuba Osmium Isotope - zeyona zonke izinto ukuba abantu ezivulekileyo. Incredible, kodwa lexinene intsimbi elingana 22,62 g / cc. Osmium ivumba elitsarhayo ezahlukeneyo iimpawu nesilivere. Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zayo emzimbeni eekhemikhali metal ezisetyenziswa kushishino zenyukliya, izacholo iimveliso namayeza.

Sekunjalo bezibuza sisinyithi kuyabiza kakhulu thina kungenakwenzeka ukuba sikwazi ukubona. Eyona nto kukuba namhlanje, imarike zesinyithi ayoni nganye 1 gram Osmium kuya kufuneka ukuba uhlawule ngaphezulu kwama-200 lamawaka. Idola. I elithumela lokuqala Osmium waba Kazakhstan, nto leyo 2004 ecetywayo ku yegram enye ixabiso le-10 000 $. Ngaphandle Kazakhstan, akukho lizwe ehlabathini unika izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo osmium, ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yemveliso ngumsebenzi onzima kakhulu. Metal ezifunyenwe yi calcining igxininisa ye platinum kwiqondo lobushushu ka 900-1000 ° C.

Kuthiwa intsimbi kuyabiza kakhulu - California 252. Njengoko ka-2010, ixabiso le-1 gram of California yaba ukuya kwizigidi 6.5 zeerandi. Noko ke, oovimba behlabathi kule but is grams nje ezimbalwa, kwaye kumazwe amabini kuphela (Russia kunye USA) ukuvelisa malunga 20-40 micrograms ngonyaka ngamnye. Iimpawu ezibonakalayo of California zingaphezulu emikhulu: 1 kuphela g uyakwazi ayikhuphi neutron kwezigidi ezi-2 ngomzuzwana. Ngenxa ezi mpawu, intsimbi ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga yamathumba amabi, amayeza, njengomthombo ingongoma inani elikhulu neutron.

Enye metal amanene yi platinum. Ukuba ke akathanga ibango isihloko "abaninzi metal ebiza imali eninzi," ukuba yinxalenye anqabileyo 5 ixhaphakileyo. Xa sijonga imbali, i-platinum misela ukuba sele kwiinkulungwane 12-14, izizwe awayehlala Andes. Kuba abantu Europe, wayesele kwiinkulungwane 16-17th. Uphuhliso Iindawo platinum namhlanje bazibandakanya kumazwe 5: USA, eRashiya, China, uMzantsi Afrika ne Zimbabwe.

Kakhulu sivame eziinkozo platinum, kodwa, ngokungafaniyo igolide nesilivere, platinum waqala zetyeleba lwabo kakhulu kutshanje.

Metal iye yasetyenziswa ekwenziweni zonyango, ubuchwepheshe zamazinyo kunye laser ngempumelelo. Zingasebenza umzimba lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ukukhusela nxamnye umhlwa.

Ishishini inkohliso platinum naye unalo ixabiso eliphezulu.

Ukususela ngoJanuwari 1, 2013, ixabiso eliqhelekileyo 1 gram ye platinum imalunga $ 70. The main market intengiso ebesoloko Japan, kodwa namhlanje wesundu ngokuzithemba wathabatha phezu China.

Hi ndlela leyi, iminyaka ngeminyaka yonke kwishishini izacholo ehlabathini kudla ngaphezu kweetoni kwama-50 platinum, kunye China oluhlasela i-50% yazo zonke ukuthengisa.