Yi lona lisiza emdaka ... ulele Brown: Abameli

Ihlabathi kwamanzi kweelwandle neelwandlekazi aye abangela umdla wabantu. Oku kuluncedo kakhulu kwaye ukwazi ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni iintlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana, ubekwa? Ngoko ke, eminyaka uninzi izazinzulu ezahlukeneyo ukuqhuba uphando olunzulu kule ndawo. Iye efunde iintlobo ezininzi ulwazi, umntu uye wafunda ukusebenzisa iimfuno zabo phantse zonke iintlobo ezaziwayo yezityalo zaselwandle kunye nezilwanyana.

Omnye luncedo enjalo ezibalulekileyo umsebenzi yezoqoqosho bantu nabameli baqala kelp. Sithetha ngazo ngokweenkcukacha ezingakumbi.

Ngendlela isikhundla kelp

Brown ulwelwe Class kuthatha umthamo yinxalenye flora kweelwandle. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho abameli malunga namawaka iintlobo, bemanyene nokuzalwa 250. Bonke bangamalungu ubungakanani multicellular, yaye ngokufuthi kakhulu umxhelo.

Isicwangciso jikelele yobume ocwangcisekileyo esaphethe Brown Ingca yolwandle, angamelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Empire - lweseli.
• Superkingdom - eukaryotes.
• Kingdom - Plants.
• Subkingdom - ulwelwe okanye izityalo asezantsi.
• Division - ochrophyta.
• Iklasi - ulwelwe Brown.

Phakathi lona lisiza emdaka zizityalo ezifana ubungakanani encinane kunye Anaki wokwenene. Khawuve oko iimpawu abanazo kulwakhiwo lomzimba kunye elinyanga kubo.

Kumbutho we yesicwangciso

Ubume kelp ayikho eyahlukileyo kakhulu kuloo eseleyo nezalamane zabo. Umzimba umelwe thallus okanye thallus na umahluko lwagabuka, akukho amagqabi kunye neengcambu. Arhente eziqhotyoshelwe zeendawana zezi ezihlobene ezikhethekileyo efana iingcambu, nemisipha, ekuthiwa rhizoids ezincinane.

Uninzi inani elikhulu kweentlobo yobomi ibamba, qhoboshela zeendawana. Nangona kunjalo, kukho kwakhona ezamahala-yokudada phezu kobuso abameli. A msebenzisi ngokuba sheet thallus zichazwe kakuhle enkulu isitya. Ngamanye amaxesha babe cut embi kakhulu, nto leyo yenza ubume lisiza brown ezifana intambo. Kaninzi amanye amalungu-ekuthiwa - filamentous.

Khemikhali Ukubunjwa iiseli zezi zityalo iqulathe ezizodwa izinto-zombala eziqulathwe kule chloroplasts. Zezi:

• fucoxanthin;
• ngokuba yiklorofili;
• xanthophylls.

Ezi nkundla ke zenzelwe ukuba ukufunxa spectra ezithile radiation elanga, leyo kusichukumisa ukuba kubunzulu enkulu Ebubanzini yolwandle. Kwakhona, ezi ndidi zombala usinika umbala omdaka. Kungenxa lona lisiza kwedatha kuphila kubunzulu kutsho kuma-200 m, nangona zithande imimandla yaselunxwemeni nobunzulu angekho ngaphantsi kwe-15 m.

Udonga yeseli iqulethe acid okhethekileyo - alginic, leyo yenye izizathu nezokukhupha ezi lisiza mntu. Phakathi lona lisiza brown zizityalo, leyo akhiwa engenamaqhuma ezizodwa nomoya. Oku kuyimfuneko ukuze ugcine lezimali kwi kwamanzi, kwakunye nokuphuhlisa ngokukhululekileyo ngaphakathi okuzala yokuvelisa kwakhona.

kanye Inkqubo wenzala ingekho kweentlobo ezintathu:

1. Maqanda, esebenzisa sikuyo.
2. Ngokwesini, kunye gametes.
3. iindawo kwezityalo omzimba.

Enye into enika umdla, nto leyo eyinxalenye thallus le Ingca yolwandle ngebala fucoidan. Le polysaccharide isakhiwo enzima, nto leyo eye spectrum ezibanzi amanyathelo unyango (arhente antineoplastic, anti-ukudumba, antibacterial, immunomodulatory). Esi sesinye isizathu imveliso abantu kelp.

iindawo zokusabalalisa

Yi lona lisiza emdaka ziquka izityalo ukuba ukhetha ulwandle. Noko ke, abameli kwisizukulwana ezine bakhetha ukuhlala emanzini amatsha - Heribaudiella, Pleurokladiya, Bodanella kunye Sfatselyariya.

Kukho ezi zityalo kuyo yonke indawo zonke elwandle wonke umhlaba, kodwa xi ubuninzi iwela phezu kwamanzi ezinezinga ziingcathu, kwakunye zone Circumpolar. abameli ngamnye kuba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye flora of umgxobhozo wetyuwa.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba lona lisiza emdaka unguye Iingxilimbela, abakhethe zabo zokuhlala Atlantic Ocean. Baye abunjwe apho yonke elwandle, ogama imbeko yabo Sargasso. Le abanjwa Sargassum.

Oko kukuthi, iimeko zemozulu awabalulekanga kangaka ngenxa yomphefumlo zezityalo, ngoko ke bandlala kangaka ngokubanzi kwaye kukuninzi.

Abameli Iklasi: makrotsistis

Ukuze lona lisiza brown ziquka macrostructures, lo mzekelo abadumileyo kuzo makrotsistis. Le yenye abameli sikhulu kakhulu enkulu ezi zityalo. ubude thallus yi-60 m kunye nenkcubeko elingana yokunikana 150 kg.

ikakhulu zisasazwe emanzini kwindawo epholileyo. Lweempawu ezizodwa lobume ziquka amagqabi igqabi ebanzi nebhaluni kubo, bakhonza ukubamba edadayo-sangqa kumphandle. Rhizoids nazo ziyafumaneka kule thallus, eqhotyoshelwe kule zityalo Etsolweni lengxondorha, substrates ezilulwalwa kubunzulu omalunga-25 m.

Ukubunjwa iiseli thallus iquka abaninzi luncedo yaye kubalulekile izinto zabantu ukuba isetyenziswa ngokubanzi makrotsistis imigodi. Yintoni na le nto?

1. Polysaccharides kunye acid - zisetyenziswa kushishino izithambiso ukuba zongezwe izithambiso, tonics, lotions njalo njalo.
2. Ayodini, electronic, iphosphate kunye nezinye izinto.
3. Alginic acid - isetyenziswa kwishishini lemichiza ukuvelisa imicu ezithambileyo amalaphu.

Nobulembu ngokwayo ngendlela bobabo sodidi Laminaria.

Analipus Japanese

YeziTyalo, zenza kelp Hordarievye usapho. Abameli beli taxon zezi nkqo thallus ayikho ubungakanani phezulu kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, analipus ufikelela-30 cm ubude. Ngelo xesha kwi esqwini eziphambili amasebe osecaleni kumka, kodwa, njengoko umthetho, i ngakumbi ke musa lwamasebe.

Rhizoids leza kungena kuphela, apho isityalo eso nto zibambene nayo amatye kwimimandla yonxweme Pacific kunye nakwiindawo ezikufutshane. View Normal for Sakhalin, ena, kunxweme loLwandle Japan kunye Kuril Islands.

Tull le multicavity nobulembu kuphuhliswa ubomi. Kwiindawo oqatha ulwelwe maza luthe icinezelwe nxamnye emazantsi kwisityalo, ngakumbi njenge uqweqwe.

kelp

Enye into ebalulekileyo nemnyama ubulembu Laminaria, ummeli yentsapho eponymous. It iqulathe iintlobo ezininzi, uninzi lwazo ithathwa Kelp Japanese okanye qha. Esi sityalo kuxhaphakile wePasifiki kunye Atlantic Ocean, kwaye ixabiso elikhulu umntu.

isakhiwo Body emelwe elide, 12 m thallus ebonakala jikelele amakhasethi umbala omdaka. Rhizoids e emazantsi thallus ukuba udityaniswe ezilulwalwa kunye substrates enamatye.

Le kelp iluncedo ebantwini?

1. Methionine - iasidi acid, umxholo apho lo sityalo yintshatsheli nditsho phakathi imifuno ezisentlabathini.
2. Izimbiwa, iodine, izinto umkhondo - ke ngokugqithiseleyo khona kwiiseli kelp.
3. Carbohydrate ukunika le sityalo ixabiso eliphezulu yesondlo.

Ngenxa kule sakhiwo, kelp asetyenziselwa ukondla izilwanyana, isetyenziswa imveliso esibalulekileyo abantu, yaziwa ngokuba kwiipropati zayo zokuthambisa kunye dietetics.

isinye

ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezonyango kunye nabameli zilandelayo - fucus (fucus). Kananjalo eyaziwa ngokuba yi "idiliya ulwandle", abazamkele ukuba isakhiwo umdla le thallus. Yinto emnandi kakhulu, sokuhlaziya kwaye ufana iqela kwisiqhamo. data Plant - wayenovimba zonke izondlo kunokwenzeka kunye izinto ezibalulekileyo, leyo iqulathe ngokubanzi kelp. Abameli abanalo 19 zohlaza.

, Ngaphandle thallium ezincinane oluhlaza, kakhulu omkhulu, ashinyeneyo. Habitat Plants: phantse zonke kweelwandle neelwandlekazi, ingakumbi eLwandle White.

Izinto ifakiwe ubunjani kunye nokuba ixabiso:

• malunga 42 imichiza;
• acid kunye fatty acid;
• iivithamini asuka kumaqela A RR;
• fucoidan.

Sargassum

Kukho kwakhona ulwelwe emdaka ukuba izityalo ezifana Sargassum. Thallus ufikelela ubude ukuya kwi-10 m, ingakumbi xa ucinga ukukwazi ukwenza amaqhuma ezincotsheni zezulu, maqampu. Ngenxa kule kwintshinyela izityalo ukwakha sonke phezu kwamanzi (kwi-Atlantic kuLwandle Sargasso). Kuqhotyoshelwe apha ezantsi phezu enamatye.

Izicelo eziphambili zezi ntlobo ukutyiwa ngabantu (kumazwe Asia), ukondla izilwanyana, ukuveliswa iziyobisi. Lihlala: ezindaweni yimvula.

Padin

kelp umdla kakhulu, umbala apho Lunyawukile igama leklasi. Kakhulu ezifana neenkowane ezimhlophe volnushki thallus yalo entle fan-ezimile encinane. Esi sityalo ubushushu-enothando kakhulu, kangangokuba kwindawo ze kufuphi nonxweme of America. Busetyenziswa kakhulu amayeza kunye cosmetology.