WokuBuyiselwa Ukraine emva kokusayina isivumelwano ne EU. Yintoni kubaniniwo, kwaye inxulumene njani na kokungena Ukraine kwi-EU?

Kutshanje e Poland yayiyilwe yi ngumbutho obizwa "imida Ubuyiselo lomhlaba", injongo leyo kuthiwa abamele iimfuno leepali zisuswa ezinabantu yiSoviet Union kwi kwintsimi 1939.

Ngokutsho iingxelo ezenziwe abameli balo kwiinkundla Ukrainian iya kufakwa efayilini ngokumangalelana bafuna ukubuya kwempahla okanye imbuyiselo ngenxa impahla, nto leyo ikhutshiwe Walahla ngenkani. Kulo mba, kukho imfuneko ukuqonda oko makayimisele nendlela linxibelelene kokungena Ukraine kwi-EU.

Ngubani na emva "okubuyiselwa imida"

Iindaba ithabathe yanyuselwa imithombo Russian. A media Poland usilele ukuseka ukuba ngunozala lo mbutho iqela "Tshintsha"-yesicelo pro.

E Ukraine, umba okubuyiswa uphakamisa intloko yangaphambili yolawulo Yanukovych kaThixo, intloko lombutho pro-Russian "ukhetho Ukrainian" Victor Medvedchuk. Ngowe-2015, yena wathi Lublin elisekwe umbutho ofuna ukubuyela ipropati ukuba ngabemi Poland, leyo owned kwi kwintsimi zangaphambili Polish, okanye imbuyekezo.

Ngokwe Medvedchuk, isiVumelwano Association idale isiseko somthetho sembuyekezo - ukubuya bempahla yokwenene yangaphambili abanini. Ngokomzekelo, wacaphula ukugxothwa Wii Artmane yezakhiwo kumbindi Riga, ziqhutywe ngaphandle kwentlawulo. izibakala imenu esezantsi nokusebenzisa le nkqubo ngokulungisa ubuchule classic kudala isoyikiso "yokwenene 'ukuba iza ngokwamkela isiVumelwano.

Medvedchuk kunye nabameli wagxothelwa inyanzelise ukuba okubuyiselwa Ukraine emva kokusayina isivumelwano EU umbutho ziya kuba zonke ngenxa yomthetho. Enyanisweni akunjalo.

Ukraine + = imbuyekezo ye-European Union?

Isivumelwano umisela kuphela imigaqo esisiseko yokusebenzisana kwisigaba zomthetho. Ukongeza, ulungiselela ulungelelwaniso komthetho Ukrainian nemilinganiselo yaseYurophu.

Ngokutsho Inqaku le-14, intsebenziswano entsimini yobulungisa, ukhuseleko kunye nenkululeko zamaqela kufuneka negalelo ekomelezeni ulawulo lomthetho kunye nokomelezwa kwamaziko kuwo onke amanqanaba karhulumente - kwaye ii-arhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho kunye iinkundla. Intsebenziswano iya kuthunyelwa kuquka yokomelezwa kwenkqubo yenkundla, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwabo, ukuzimela ukungakhethi, kwakunye ekulweni urhwaphilizo. Intsebenziswano endle yobulungisa, inkululeko kunye nokhuseleko esekelwe intlonipho yamalungelo oluntu nokubaluleka kwenkululeko.

Sithetha malunga nemiba enkqubo kumaziko nokhuselo abemi, kunye okubuyiselwa Ukraine emva kokuba entry sekeriweke-EU.

lenkululeko yokufikelela

Ngokutsho Inqaku 471 isiVumelwano, le mazwe mabini kufuneka banike abemi zabo kunye neenkampani yokufikelela non-calulo ukuya kwimibutho neenkundla kwakunye nolawulo ukukhusela amalungelo abo kunye nempahla.

Kukho naye okhankanywe kuphela inkalo zenkqubo yabemi ukufikelela kwimibutho enkundla kunye nezolawulo ukuze kupheliswe ucalucalulo nxamnye nabo, kwaye okubuyiselwa Ukraine emva kokusayina i-EU ungekho.

Akukho izithintelo bokufika

Freedom kucalulo yabemi Ukrainian yamanye amazwe ayikho into entsha. Civil and Commercial Procedure Code, uMthetho "Kwi Private Law International" ukufikelela ngabemi angaphandle kunye neenkampani ukuba nokukhusela amalungelo abo kwiinkundla Ukrainian alibhekiseli. Ukongeza, izenzo isivumelwano Polish-Ukrainian ka-1993 kwi zomthetho nezobudlelwane uncedo kumatyala olwaphulo-mthetho kunye oluntu, ekuthi ngawo abemi kunye neenkampani ze mazwe mabini angenza isicelo kwiinkundla omnye komnye.

Izityholo lothungelwano imithetho ekhusela amalungelo abantu babegxothiwe kunye nenzala yabo kwipropati kwisicatshulwa iSivumelwano abangazange iqinisekisiwe.

Okubuyiselwa komhlaba kunye nezinye impahla e Ukraine ifuna ukufakwa kwisivumelwano kunye EU ngokwemigaqo yomthetho substantive, kunokuba yenkqubo. Kufuneka ubuncinane njengokubhekisa kulo naluphi na izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe. Kodwa akukho nto.

Ngoko ke, ibhekisela kwisivumelwano kwi-EU Association - Ukraine, "Ukubuyiselwa Borders" liphulo ngakuye.

nokuhanjiswa Mass ka 1939-40

Yintoni kubaniniwo, kwaye inxulumene njani na kokungena Ukraine kwi-EU, kungachazwa mzekelo amanqaku ngembali.

Ngowe-1936, urhulumente waseSoviet yamkela isigqibo malunga kunikwe kwakho zezibonda ukusuka Ukraine ukuya Kazakhstan. Kunyaka wokuqala umsebenzi nemimandla Polish yangaphambili eSiberia, i Komi Republic kunye nommandla iVolga bagxothwa kwesiqingatha sesigidi abemi uhlanga Polish.

Emva kokuba nokudliwa, ekuqaleni kuka-1940, i-NKVD ubanjiwe wazisa ukuba izinto ezahlukeneyo, kuquka mthetho, 18,3 thous. Abantu (2.8 amawaka. Ukraine, 5.4 amawaka. Nezibonda kwaye 1.4 amawaka. AmaJuda) . Ekuqaleni, ngo-1940 yaqala "nokucoca indawo evela izinto ezingaqhelekanga ekuhlaleni" - lwaqhutywa ukukhutshwa ebusika 1940, 88,4 amawaka abantu yobuzwe Polish, intlakohlaza ka-1940 -. 29 amawaka abantu ..

Iminyaka 2 NKVD wenza 4 ubunzima emakhaya evela imimandla ezihlonyelwe. In the Kazakh SSR, eSiberia, eMntla kunye East Far zaye zonke kuthunyelwa 335 amawaka abantu, kwaye iikhredithi ezingama-198 lamawaka - .. Ukusuka ezinabantu.

kwezincwadi impahla

Kunye ukugxothwa lwaqhutywa:

• Expropriation ngamafa.
• Le ngokuthathelwa zorhwebo umhlaba okukholekileyo nabalimi abahlwempuzekileyo. Kunyaka wokuqala nokudliwa oko yayihluthiwe 2,75 billion hectares - 1/3 emazweni onke. Isiqingatha apho zasiwa abalimi, yaye intsalela yadluliselwa iifama ngokuhlangeneyo kunye neefama karhulumente.
• Ukuba imizi egcina imali, iinkampani zorhwebo kunye noshishino.

inethiwekhi ngokubanzi amanyeneyo yomboleki yeentengo zemboleko, "bawagqogqa" abalimi osisityebi kwayekwa.

Ebudeni beminyaka emibini umsebenzi amalungelo obunini athe anyhashwa Ukraine, imiqobo, amaYuda kunye nabameli bezinye iintlanga.

iminyaka 1944-47 nokuhlaliswa

Ngowe-1944, 9 Septemba, phakathi korhulumente Ukrainian kunye Polish Committee of National Liberation asayina isivumelwano kwi ukufudusa Ashera Ukraine kunye Ukraine ePoland. Imvumelwano ezichazwe ubonelelo komhlaba kwiziza nokuhlaliswa.

Esibekiweyo ngobungxamo ezifakwe 02/01/45 ukuya 15/10/44 yaye yandiswa isivumelwano olongezelelweyo. Ukuvunyelwa ukuba athathe imali encinane izinto zakho kunye nezixhobo. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba bakhuphe amanani, ngaphandle isixa encinci ngemali. Ezinye impahla ochazwe ukumelana "i-inshorensi" ixabiso ekupheleni lokufuduswa ngokuvumelana zivumelwano. Emva kokugqitywa ngobungxamo 06/05/47, xa ikomkhulu Poland izenzo ezifanelekileyo zisayiniwe.

Ngoko ke, kwimeko inkundla, xa imbambano ngamnye kufuneka sibone indlela yaye xa kwenye kwaqhutywa ukuhluthwa Pole. Kwimeko apho intshukumo ngokuzithandela naliphi na ibango umonakalo lwempatho kunye nezo zinto, okt. E., iRestitution of Ukraine emva kokusayina isivumelwano EU Association, ukuba ayinasihlahla.

Kungenzeka, iinkundla kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukuze bathandwe mbali ku dyondza ezigcinayo Ukraine, Poland naseRashiya.

Igama lokugqibela - imithetho yendawo

Ngokwesivumelwano malunga noncedo lwasemthethweni, kuya kusebenza umyalelo Polish zokujongana neembambano ezinjalo, kunye Ukrainian. Iimfuno kufuneka zingeniswe kwiinkundla Ukrainian.

I-Civil Code of Ukraine waqala ukusebenza 01.01.04. Isiphumo engange phezu iziganeko ka 1939-40, ukuba akunjalo, ekubeni isinyanzelo ukubuyisela umonakalo ukuba kwakungekho ngenxa yokungabikho yomthetho efanelekileyo. Kulo kulandela ukuba civil ubangela ukuba abuyekeze ilahleko babegxothiwe neendlalifa zazo (nto leyo ithetha okubuyiswa Ukraine) emva kokusayina isivumelwano EU Association in akukho karhulumente.

izandulela baye

Isalathisi kumalungelo oluntu, ezo liqulathwe ukukhuselwa kwabo Convention, isiphumo akadinwa - ngokuzibophelela wakhe Ukraine ukuba ukuthatha isiphumo kuphela ukususela kumhla ukulawula ngo-1997 Ilungelo kwecala kuba Abameli ifakwa emva kokuba bangene amandla i-Convention, Noko ke, ukuhlukunyezwa amalungelo impahla ezenzeka ekuqaleni kwemfazwe yehlabathi yesibini, ekukhuseleni i-ECHR ayinakuba.

Le meko iyahambelana ngokupheleleyo nomgaqo kuchaziwe kwiSiqendu 28 se Vienna Convention on the Law of Izivumelwano, njengako apho iimvumelwano ezinjalo abayi engange. I ECtHR sele wabancina iingxabano efanayo, kuquka izigqibo kwamabango Czech Republic, Romania neGrisi. Xa izigqibo zayo iNkundla ndifumene ukunyhashwa Convention, kodwa ukwaneliseka kwemiba yebango iyahluka ngokwamazwe. Ezi zigqibo zithathelwa kwiimeko apho amalungelo empahla athe anyhashwa ngenxa komthetho namhlanje kula mazwe. Kuba State of Ukraine, awusebenzi lo mkhwa.

amava Latvia kaThixo

Ngesisombululo Ukubuyiswa umyalelo wayo ichazwe kwinqanaba imithetho karhulumente ethile. Imizekelo imithetho Latvia kwi imbuyekezo kunye denationalization kwepropati, leyo ubuyisela ubunini bempahla yokwenene ngo kwiminyaka 1940-80 ngurhulumente kunye nabo ukuphumeza umgaqo-nkqubo nalwazelelelo kanye nokudelela amalungelo abanini.

Uwiso-mthetho ngaphandle iziqinisekiso babehlala kwizindlu ezinjalo, ukwandisa ixesha yerenti kwaye icwangcisa sixa siphezulu kwerente. INkundla yoMgaqo-siseko yavumelana ukungabikho yelizwe uxanduva phantsi kwesizwe lwepropati ezenziwa ngabasemagunyeni umsebenzi.

Denationalization e Lithuania

E Lithuania, umba lilawulwa ngumthetho phezu okubuyiswa amalungelo obunini, leyo oluphazanyiswa imithetho eSoviet Union. Ukubuyela amalungelo kwindawo weehektare 150 emaphandleni kunye seehektare 0.4 - besemizini yabo, izindlu kunye neenkampani nempahla. Ithuba Isicelo kuphela kunyaka 2001.

WokuBuyiselwa eCzechoslovakia

Czechoslovak iPalamente 1991 lamkela umthetho kwimeko yesiqhelo extrajudicial kwaye akangebuyi zihluthwe yaye uhulumeni nempahla. Kwezemihlaba ebibanjwe ngabemi Czechoslovak. Ithe yanikezelwa imbuyekezo yemali-sicelo, ukuba inyanzelise ukubuya bempahla yokwenene, okanye ukuba ixabiso yale propati liye landa kakhulu emva kokuba ukwahlukana okungalunganga.

version Polish

Ngowe-2001, i-Polish Sejm yamkela umthetho, okwaye kwabonelela wokubuyiswa impahla kunye namalungelo kuyo abemi Polish. Kuye wamiselwa intlawulo yokuzicamagushela ukuba azo ngumongameli, leyo akazange avumele ukuba ukungena force. Isigqibo ngeembambano makayimisele baba benza kwiinkundla. Ukubuya impahla, njengoko umthetho, yenziwe ngohlobo izibambiso unelungelo lokuthenga umhlaba okanye izabelo kwiinkampani.

Amava amazwe owayesakuba awodwa bobusoshiyali ibonisa ukuba okubuyiselwa Ukraine emva kokusayina isivumelwano kunye EU lilawulwa kumgangatho karhulumente kulo. IPalamente unelungelo self ingamisela umgaqo-nkqubo wayo, ixesha filing, kwisangqa abantu ukuba kuya kusebenza lowo la malungiselelo. Kunjalo eye yenziwa e Ukraine.

umthetho Ukrainian

Verkhovna Symbol ngo-1991 yamkela umthetho phezu nokuvuselelwa amaxhoba zocindezelo kwezopolitiko, ngokutsho ngayo, kwimo iquka ixesha ukususela 1917 ukuya ekuqaleni amanyathelo yomthetho, ukuba abantu abaye zisuswa Ukraine. ngenkani Bona kwenye indawo ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye, ndayihluthwa amalungelo nenkululeko eklasini, yezizathu kwezentlalo, kuzwelonke, zezopolitiko nezonqulo.

Kodwa lo mthetho ayisebenzi bamanye amazwe. Resolution kaRhulumente lokubuya yanikezelwa izakhiwo walunyulwa kunye nezinye impahla okanye imbuyekezo ixabiso layo; kodwa kuphela kubemi Ukraine. umthetho Ukulungisa amazwe ayinikezi.

ukubuyiselwa unilateral okanye amabini?

E Ukraine, baye yimizamo yokusombulula lo mba kwinqanaba umthetho khona; ngo-2005 kule projekthi isicelo sokubuyiselwa ekunene zokuthengisa impahla, apho kucetywa ukuba ukuvumela imbuyekezo kwipropati, kungekuphela nje Ukraine kodwa basemzini. Umthetho phezu okubuyiselwa Ukraine yamkelwa ngoko wayengekho - on kokugqitywa urhulumente ekugqibeni indlela lokubuya kwempahla kubanini zangaphambili (ukubuyiselwa ngomoya omnye) ukubuya kwempahla kwelinye iqela (ukubuyiselwa mazwe) ayizange enikiweyo. Oku kuchasene amagatya Code Civil.

Ngamafutshane, singatsho ukuba ngeli xesha okubuyiselwa kwempahla Ukraine akanayo ngenxa yomthetho. Izigqibo yokugcina kunokwenzeka kuphela emva ucazululo olunzulu ibango ngamnye ngamnye, ubungqina kunye izibakala.

A amagunya angaphandle kufuneka bazazi yomgaqo ngamazwe ngokufanayo, ekuthe ngenxa yawo kwahlaziywa okubuyiselwa Ukraine kwi-EU kunokuba siganeko ntetho amabango anjalo nxamnye Poland.