Uyazibuza: I Lighthouse waseAlexandria

Enye yezinto ezisixhenxe ezimangalisayo ehlabathini na Lighthouse waseAlexandria - isakhiwo, eyakhelwe kwisiqithi Pharos ngenkulungwane yesithathu BC. Isakhiwo ibekwe kufuphi edume kwisixeko saseYiputa Alexandria, kule meko, waza wamnika igama. Enye indlela isenokuba ibinzana elithi "Farossky wefama" - igama siqithi apho emi kuyo.

nomgomo

Wonder First of the World - Kuku Sebsebie of Alexandria - ekuqaleni yenzelwe ukunceda oomatiloshe babhadula ofuna ukufikelela elunxwemeni, beqhekeza izixhobo ngokukhuselekileyo. Ebusuku, indlela kuvutha amadangatye kunye nemiqadi umqondiso ukukhanya komlilo omkhulu zisathe, yaye emva kwemini - lungena umsi emlilweni, ingabekwa phezulu lwenqaba marine nya. Lighthouse waseAlexandria wakhonza ngokuthembeka phantse iminyaka eliwaka, kodwa kakubi eyonakaliswe kwabakho inyikima 796 BC. Emva kwale nyikima wakha abhalwe umothuko wamva ezintlanu inamandla kwaye ixesha elide ukuba ekugqibeleni wisa lo msebenzi zobungangamela wezandla zabantu. Kakade ke, akazange nje uzama okhe ngokutsha, kodwa yonke imizamo ziye zakhokelela kuphela okuseleyo kuwo inqaba encinane, eyakhiwa Sultan Qaitbay ngenkulungwane ye-15. Yiyo le amandla kwaye niwabonileyo namhlanje. Oku - konke okuseleyo kulo indalo engabantu yinzwakazi.

indaba

Makhe sijonge imbali kwaye ufumanise ukuba yakhiwe kakuhle le nto ihlabathi, ngenxa yokuba imincili ngokwenene umdla. izinto ezininzi ziye zenzeka njani, ezinye iimpawu yokwakha nenjongo yawo - konke oku siya kukuxelela ngezantsi, musa wonqena nje ukufunda.

Uphi na ke Lighthouse of Alexandria

Le iinqanawa yakhiwa kwi kwesiqithana esithile, ekuthiwa Pharos, nto leyo ibekwe kunxweme Alexandria kule kwiMeditera. Imbali yonke le iinqanawa kwakuhambisana ekuqaleni kunye igama kusoyisa enkulu Aleksandra Makedonskogo. Waba umdali nezimanga yokuqala zehlabathi - izinto obakhe lonke uluntu. Kweli siqithi, uAleksandr Veliky wagqiba ukuseka izibuko enkulu, nto leyo eneneni wakwenzayo 332 BC, ngexesha lotyelelo lwakhe eYiputa. Ukwakhiwa ifumene amagama ezimbini: kuqala - imbeko kulowo sagqiba ukwakha kuyo, kwaye eyesibini - imbeko igama siqithi likaThixo, apho emi kuyo. Ukongezelela lighthouse enjalo ezaziwayo-kakuhle koloyiso wagqiba ukwakha umzi efanayo - omnye mazibuko ezinkulu kwiMeditera. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ebomini bakhe bonke, Alexander Omkhulu wakha malunga elinesibhozo nkqubo kuthiwa "Alexandria", kodwa oku kuye kwaba imbali kwaye yaziwa unanamhla. Kwindawo yokuqala kokuba Wawakha loo mzi, yaye kuphela emva kokuba umtsalane yakhe ephambili. Ekuqaleni, ulwakhiwo iinqanawa kufuneka abaye engama-20, kodwa ikhona. yonke inkqubo kwathatha iminyaka emi-5 kuphela ubudala, kodwa nangona kunjalo, esi sakhiwo umbonile ihlabathi kuphela 283 BC, emva kokufa Aleksandra Makedonskogo - ngexesha kwePtolemy II, urhulumente - ukumkani waseYiputa.

Iimpawu zokwakha

Aleksandr Makedonsky sagqiba ukusondela ngenyameko umba wokwakha. Njengoko kuchaziwe kweminye imithombo, ngaphezu kweminyaka emibini wakhetha indawo ukwakhiwa uyezibuko. Umnqobi akazange afune ukwenza isixeko kwi ogudle loMlambo umNayile, wayifumana indawo elungileyo kakhulu. Isiza zokwakha bamisa neekhilomitha amabini ukuya ezantsi, kufutshane watsha echibini Mareotis. Ngaphambili, kwakukho iqonga Rakotis kwisixeko saseYiputa, nto leyo lula le nkqubo yokwakha yonke. Zonke iinzuzo indawo ukuthi kwizibuko yakwazi ukuthatha umkhumbi zombini uLwandle lweMeditera ukusuka uMlambo umNayile, nto leyo ezihlawula kwaye ngokwezozakuzo. Oku kwanda kuphela inzuzo umnqobi, kodwa wamnceda kunye nabalandeli bakhe ukwakha umanyano kunye nabarhwebi kunye ubumiwe ngabeelwandle ngelo xesha. City wakwazi ukwakha ngexesha ubomi Macedon, kodwa Lighthouse Alexandria uphuhliso lokuqala kwePtolemy Soter. Yaba nguye lowo waphucula uyilo wasibeka practice.

Lighthouse of Alexandria. photo

Ukujonga umfanekiso, siyabona ukuba kwibhakana siquka "maleko" eziliqela. neenqaba emarmore emhlophe ezintathu ezinkulu kuma phezu ngokusekelwe avulwe omkhulu, zalishumi amakhulu amawaka iitoni. Nenqaba wokuqala njengesilinda uxande enkulu. Ngaphakathi kuyo kukho amagumbi senzelwe amajoni zezindlu kunye kwizibuko ukusebenza. Top waba inqaba ngaphantsi libe. kummango Ukonakala i lenguqu ukuya inqaba zezindlu eliphezulu, ngaphakathi apho ligcinwe umlilo enkulu, nto leyo wakhonza njengomthombo ukukhanya. Ukuma yonke anobunzima kwesigidi ambalwa, ngaphandle imihombiso kunye zombane ngaphakathi kuyo. Ngenxa yoku, umhlaba Bazile ke abo basemkhombeni, ibangela iingxaki ezinzulu kwaye kufuneka iinqaba ezongezelelweyo kunye nolwakhiwo.

Qala umlilo

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba iinqanawa Pharos yayakhelwe 285 - 283 iminyaka BC, waqalisa ukusebenza kuphela ekuqaleni BC ngenkulungwane yokuqala. Kwaba ngoko ukuba inkqubo yonke kwezibane uphawu yaphuhliswa ngokusebenza ngokusebenzisa disc enkulu yobhedu, kukhokela ukukhanya elwandle. Ngaxeshanye kunye nale zithako kokusungulwa kwazo, nto leyo ukhupha imali yomsi - indlela khankanya umendo emva kwemini.

Ubude nomgama ukukhanya ephumayo

Ngokubanzi ukuphakama Alexandria Kuku Sebsebie - ukusuka kwiimitha 120 ukuya 140 (umahluko somhlaba umahluko ukuphakama). Ngenxa eli lungiselelo ukukhanya umlilo wabonwa kumgama ozikilometa eziyi-60 ngemini eqaqambileyo (kukho ubungqina bokuba ekukhanyeni ukuthula obubonakalayo kweekhilomitha ezili-100 okanye ngaphezulu) kwaye ukuya leekhilomitha 45-50 xa kukho isiphango. Isalathiso semitha kwenzeka ngenxa isakhiwo ekhethekileyo imiqolo eziliqela. Le series yokuqala kwimilo-emine shape-, okuphakama ufikelela iimitha 60-65, kunye kwisiseko ka-900 square metres. Apha, uluhlu ivenkile, yaye yonke into kufuneka ibangele nokugcina umlilo "engunaphakade". Isiseko inxalenye eliphakathi wakhonza esicikweni enkulu caba apho iikona zazihonjiswe eqingqiweyo emikhulu Triton. Eli gumbi yaba inqaba libe of emarmore emhlophe, ukuphakama kuyimitha 40. Isahlulo sesithathu iinqanawa yakhiwe lwemihlathi ezisibhozo, phezu kwabo kukho amajukujuku enkulu, apho ezihonjiswe enkulu oqingqiweyo imitha ezisibhozo Poseidon ngobhedu. Elinye igama le oqingqiweyo - Zeus Msindisi.

"Flame Obungunaphakade"

umlilo Ukugcina wawunzima umsebenzi. efunekayo Daily ngaphezu kweetoni of kukudla komlilo zinokutshisa kunye ngamandla kuyimfuneko. Wood, yona impahla ephambili, eyibeka ngendlela neenqwelo ngokukhethekileyo yaxhobisa ecaleni ithambeka zikhula. Iinqwelo ezisa nakoondlebende, owazeka ngaphezu kwekhulu omnye unyuko. Ukuze ningawuphembi umlilo kwaqhenqetha kangangoko oku kunokwenzeka, ngenxa yoko ilangatye emazantsi kwikholam nganye, ngeposi amaphepha ezinkulu ezenziwe ngobhedu, ngazo, nokuyalela ukukhanya.

kwiindawo ezongezelelweyo

Ngokutsho kwezinye yesandla ugcine uxwebhu, Lighthouse waseAlexandria wakhonza nje kuphela njengomthombo kukukhanya oomatiloshe zakhi. Kuba amajoni waba isithuba phononongo lweNyanga izazinzulu - an Observatory ngeenkwenkwezi. Akhawunti bathi kwakukho eninzi izixhobo umdla kakhulu zobugcisa - Iiyure zonke iimilo kunye nobukhulu, vane, kwakunye nezixhobo ezininzi kwendawo ngeenkwenkwezi. Eminye imithombo lubonisa ubukho iilayibrari enkulu kunye nezikolo, ezinenani labafundi ababhalisileyo elingaphantsi lwamacandelo zaseprayimari, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba ubungqina enkulu.

ukufa

Beacon ukufa kwenzeka kuphela ngenxa inani iinyikima enamandla, kodwa ngenxa yokuba encamini phantse ayeka ukuyisebenzisa, kuba udaka kakhulu phezulu. Xa nezibuko sele ayikufanelanga ukuba ukusetyenziswa, iipleyiti zobhedu, apho ukukhanya ngqo elwandle ngxa iinkozo zemali kunye nezacholo. Kodwa hayi isiphelo. Zalisa ukufa wefama kwenzeka ngenkulungwane ye-15, ngexesha elinye komhlaba enamandla yenzeka kuLwandle lweMeditera. Emva koko, iintsalela babuyiselwa izihlandlo eziliqela yaye wawusebenza njengenqaba, ngokunjalo nezindlu ukuze abemi embalwa siqithi.

Kweli hlabathi lanamhlanje

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, Pharos Lighthouse, ogama iifoto kuba lula ukufumana kakhulu, yenye ezikhumbuzo ezimbalwa izakhiwo, imbali kunye walahleka kwexesha. Le yinto nangoku umdla zombini izazinzulu kunye nabantu abaqhelekileyo, abathanda izinto ubudala ubudala, ngenxa yokuba ibandakanya ezininzi iziganeko, imisebenzi loncwadi kunye ezifunyaniswe zizazinzulu ukuba kubalulekile kuphuhliso ehlabathini. Ngelishwa, akukho kakhulu oseleyo ezimangalisayo-7 ehlabathini. Lighthouse waseAlexandria, okanye inxalenye kunokuba kuphela wayo, yenye ezo zakhiwo, leyo sibe nebhongo lwabantu. Noko ke, yonke into eseleyo kuwo - loo nto nje enamanqanaba ephantsi, nto leyo wakhonza yokugcina kunye nendawo zokuhlala abasebenzi zomkhosi kunye nabasebenzi. Ngenxa obeluza ezininzi isakhiwo zange zitshatyalaliswe ngokupheleleyo. remade kwakhe into efana woxande olude-inqaba encinane, apho wayehlala abemi eseleyo siqithi. Le nto ungabona ngokundwendwela isiqithi Pharos, nto leyo ethandwa kakhulu phakathi abakhenkethi. Emva kokuba epheleleyo zokwakha kunye uhombiso esiphezu abe ujongo mihla, eyenza isakhiwo mihla kunye nembali elide.

izicwangciso olunye

Lighthouse waseAlexandria yenye sites phantsi kokhuselo UNESCO. Ngenxa umsebenzi wokulungisa ezahlukeneyo ukuze asindise enqabeni ekutshatyalalisweni ngonyaka. Kwakukho ixesha xa uthetha malunga nendlela ukuqalisa ngokupheleleyo ifomu yalo yangaphambili, kodwa akenzanga ukususela ngoko iinqanawa uphulukene nesidima sawo njengomnye wemimangaliso yehlabathi. Kodwa ukuze ubone ukuba Kumele ukuba ngokwenene na onomdla kwimbali.