US uMongameli Karter Dzhimmi: biography, iifoto

Wezopolitiko Dzhimmi Karter wenza umsebenzi ngaphandle apho ngephupha kuzo zonke American. Ushiywe ukusuka umfama elula kwiNdlu White, wahlala kwimbali US, kodwa akazange bafanelwe uthando olukhulu yabantu, akaba nako ukuyenza ngumongameli. Noko ke, Carter idlale indima kwimbali yehlabathi, kunye nendlela awayephila ngayo efanele umdla.

neminyaka yokubunjwa

Karter Dzhimmi wazalwa usapho umlimi esifumileyo kwiphondo Georgia, Oktobha 1, 1924. Akukho nto waxela umsebenzi akrelekrele yezopolitiko, nangona abazali umntwana imfundo yezidlele; waphuma waya zantsi State College kunye Georgia Tech. Kodwa akazange uceba ukuya kwezopolitiko, ibe ndandifuna ukuba ijoni. Ngenxa yoko engena Naval Academy kunye US, enethemba ukufezekisa amaphupha abo. Kangangeminyaka eli-10, uye wenza ngempumelelo umsebenzi kwi Navy, wakhonza ngwenya fleet enyukliya, waba igosa senior.

Kodwa ke ngo-1953, iimeko usapho wafuna ukusula kwakhe emkhosini. Uyise wafa, kunye nokhathalelo kulawulo sefama bawa phezu kwamagxa Jimmy. Yena ekuphela konyana udade akunakuze nenxaxheba nokulinywa yamandongomane, yaye ngoko uJimmy wayedla phezu ulawulo efama. intsapho yakhe imithetho engqongqo, uyise wavuma enathi nikuye, navuswa abantwana izithethe zonqulo. Jimmy ezithile conservatism njengelifa kuyise. Kodwa wamnikela kunina wakhe umsebenzi ophezulu entlalweni. Uye wenza imisebenzi yasekuhlaleni, kunye nokuba xa sele kwi lupheleyo, engazange azishiye imisebenzi zabo kunye nomsebenzi, ezifana iPeace Corps e-India.

UJimmy kwakhokelela ngempumelelo kwifama yakhe, nto leyo kungekudala waba ngusozigidi waza waqalisa ukwenza imisebenzi yasekuhlaleni.

nkqubo indlela

Ngowe-1961, amanyathelo Karter Dzhimmi endleleni kwezopolitiko, uba lilungu leBhodi District of Education, ke ngoko wadlulela iNdlu Yeengwevu of the State of eGeorgia. Ngowe-1966, angenele Carter ukuze isithuba irhuluneli likarhulumente, kodwa ulahlekelwa uhlanga, Noko ke, ngaba baphambuke ukusuka ekujoliswe, yaye kwiminyaka emine kuthatha phezulu. iqonga lakhe phulo yayakhiwe phezu Ukuphelisa zocalulo lobuhlanga, ingcamango umbizele inkwenkwezi yakhe lonke unyulo e Georgia, kwaba lweziphili na nomlinganiswa kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo izimvo. Carter waba Democratic Party yaye wayethembe ukufumana isitulo usekela-mongameli ngexesha ulawulo D. Ford, kodwa wahamba Nelson Rockefeller. Ke uJimmy ufifi lokuba abe ngumengameli.

uhlanga ukhetho

Imeko eUnited States negalelo isibakala sokuba abantu waphoxwa Republican kunye Democratic Party, kuquka Carter, ithuba elingcono ukulwela ngumongameli. Carter wenza emnqakathi, yinto eningenakukholwa yiyo, wakhawuleza wabalekiselwa elite nkqubo yaseMelika, kuba kwiinyanga zokuqala 9 kuqalwa njengoko ulikheswa kogqatso phambi kokuba inkokeli ecacileyo.

kwiphulo layo wokhetho kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza emva zokwamkelwa umthetho mali uluntu iziganeko ezinjalo, oko alinganayo amathuba abaviwa kunye kunceda Carter. Kwakhona wadlala kwihlazo Watergate ubabalo lwakhe, amaMelika emva shenanigans ka Nixon akasafuni ukukholwa abapolitiki professional abaye bamhlazisa ngokwabo. Wathabatha ithuba i-Democratic Party, ndiyakhele ukhetho phakathi kwabantu, nto leyo kuthathwa Carter. UJimmy bendixhasa iinkokeli intshukumo ukukhusela amalungelo abantu abamnyama, enikelweyo naye uninzi lweevoti. Ekuqaleni ugqatso ngaphambi Carter D. Ford kangange-30%, kodwa ukuphela kwayo Wayesoloko utyebile ekhulwini ezimbini. Wayesazimisele ukuyiphepha aksenti ngokukhawuleza Southern, xa usasazo lwe eendaba akazange khangela kuluncedo ukuze imbangi yakhe. Carter akazange abe ukuqonda kakuhle ama kwezopolitiko, yena sijongwe dilettante yezopolitiko, yaye uya kumphazamisa, kungekuphela nje ngexesha lonyulo kodwa ebudeni ngumongameli.

inombolo Man 1 eMelika

Novemba 2, 1976 arhente iindaba yehlabathi ingxelo: Dzhimmi Karter - ngumongameli US. iphulo khetho, kodwa ngamaxesha anzima phambili kuphela Carter. Uqoqosho US kweli xesha sele buphelile imfazwe eVietnam, kwakunye kakhulu lobunzima oyile, ebe inabo indawo kwelizwe entsha. Siye Kwakufuneka, amanyathelo amatsha olukhulu eza kunceda ukuba ukuvuselela uqoqosho. Umongameli kwafuneka lilwe kwamaxabiso ophezulu, ukuba afune iindlela ukubuyisela ukukhula koqoqosho, kuthatha isigqibo engathandwa kwaye uphakamisa irhafu, engaquki ukunika isiphumo zoqoqosho ezinqwenelekayo, kodwa umisela abantu awayesilwa norhulumente.

Eli lizwe uba ipetroli zibiza imali eninzi kunye nezinye zorhwebo, Karter Dzhimmi ukhangela iindlela ukoyisa iingxaki. Ukongeza, yena uzama nzima ukuba ube njengendoda Nixon - ngumongameli zodumo ngaphambi kwexesha umhlala-phantsi. Carter uyala iinzuzo ezininzi, sithembele umntu wokuqala karhulumente: yena akafuni Wamkhwelisa a yokuthuthwa ngomhla wokubekwa, yena uthwala komboko bakhe, uthengisa yacht kamongameli. Okokuqala, uluntu akuthandayo, kodwa emva koko kuza Kukuqonda ukuba ezi izenzo abanayo isiqulatho, kodwa umthetho.

Ukoyisa ikratshi le-Elite kwezopolitiko, Carter ngeniso abasebenzi bakarhulumente umfana owayesebenza naye e Georgia, umlamli kuphela phakathi umongameli nabaphetheyo karhulumente uSekela-Mongameli Uolter Mondeyl.

Dzhimmi Karter, basekhaya kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo angaphandle eyahluke ezingenasigxina, wafuna ukuqonda neenjongo ezintle, kodwa akusoloko kusenzeka. Yena ngokukhawuleza yaba sisigculelo kunye caricature. Umzekelo, ibali umvundla, lowo kuthiwa bahlasela okuloba Carter ibuye ibe kwiphetshana satirical obonisa ubuthathaka kunye nazigqibo ka mongameli.

UMongameli uxolo

I amazwe Politika Dzhimmi Carter lungakhuseleki ezahlukeneyo izinto US kunye nomnqweno ukunciphisa ngezikhondo zehlabathi. Kwintetho yakhe yokubekwa, uMongameli wathi wayeza kwenza yonke into ukuze kube lula ukuhlanganiswa uxolo emhlabeni. Kodwa akazange bonke baphumelele. Carter Ibhodi iqaphele ukuba US iye uneengxaki neentlobano zokwazana USSR. Yokufikelela inkqubela kwizivumelwano kwi umda iingalo qhinga, kodwa oko akukhange wama urhulumente waseSoviet ukususela kwintshayelelo-mkhosi e Afghanistan. Carter idibana iCity-Olimpiki Games eMoscow. Relations zimbi. Congress ayinayo ukuqinisa lesi sivumelwano kwi-SALT-II, kunye ukuthula Carter ufumana ibubunyani kwezopolitiko zeli lizwe. Kubonakala phantsi imfundiso Carter, othi eUnited States ilungelo ukukhusela iimfuno zabo nangayiphi na indlela, kubandakanywa emkhosini. Ekugqibeleni, kwanyanzeleka ukuba kwandisa ixabiso yokugcina yokhuselo eli lizwe, kwaye kuxhotyiwe imeko enzima yezimali eUnited States.

Umongameli akakwazi ukusombulula ingxaki kwembambano baseYiputa-Israel on the yeSinayi Peninsula, kodwa ingxaki namaPalestina wahlala engekasonjululwa. Kwakhona zafikelela kwisivumelwano intsimi nokumkani ngayo iPanama Canal.

Umba inkulu nkqubo angaphandle Carter yaba kwingxaki lobudlelwane ne Iran. I-US wathi mmandla yindawo umdla ukuba akulungele kulwela. Ngexesha Carter kukho revolution, Ayatollah Khomeini utsho US "Enkulu uSathana" kwaye ikhwelo ukulwa nalo lizwe. Impixano ifikelele incopho yayo xa e Tehran bathathwa bathinjwa abasebenzi 60 of the American Embassy. Oku wabeka isiphelo amathemba Carter ukuba abe ngumengameli okwesihlandlo sesibini. Olu ngquzulwano elibukhali Iran ayikagqitywa namhlanje.

US phantsi uJimmy Carter

Eli lizwe kulindeleke ukuba umongameli omtsha ukucombulula iingxaki zabo. nengxaki ezimandundu amandla, kukho intsilelo enkulu yoluntu, emali - ezi iingxaki ekufuneka iqwalaselwe ngokukhawuleza. Dzhimmi Karter, umongameli US, ngubani got ilizwe ibe yimeko emandundu, wazama ukoyisa amandla ukuphilisana eUnited States, kodwa Congress sinamafu inkqubo yokuvuselelwa. Wasilela ukunqanda ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kweli lizwe, yaye oku kuye kwabangela ukunganeliseki kakhulu yabemi.

Domestic Politika Dzhimmi Carter wayehluke ukungahambisalani yaye ubuthathaka, waba ezininzi neenjongo ezintle, wayecebe ukuba baguqule ukhuseleko lwezentlalo lweli lizwe, efuna ukunciphisa amaxabiso iinkonzo zonyango, kodwa ezi projekthi kananjalo akukho inkxaso Congress. Ingcamango malunga inguqu ebalulekileyo izixhobo kwamagosa ngakumbi musani ukufumana impendulo ezaneleyo washiya le projekthi. Campaign uthembisa ukunciphisa kwamandla emali kunye nokunciphisa ngqesho kweli lizwe ukuze ugcine Carter ayiphumelelanga ngenxa yemeko ezinzima zoqoqosho. Kunye nomgaqo yasekhaya Carter yaba malorezultativnoy kwaye kubaxa kuphela nokungahoywa lwabavoti zakhe. Media bathi UJimmy namandla kunye lithiwe pahaha, zanikela kuye ukubanga ukuba unako ukuphendula yonke imingeni ixesha lethu.

umzamo

UMongameli Dzhimmi Karter, ngathi abaninzi oogxa bakhe kwiNdlu White, iye basinde uhlaselo. Isiganeko ke yabhala eendaba, ngenxa yokuba inkonzo yokhuseleko kungavimbela kuqhume. Ngoko ke, ngo-1979 ngexesha uhambo umongameli ukuba eCalifornia intetho kuluntu Latin American kwacetywa ngokuhlaselwa abaxhobileyo bagqithele kamongameli. Kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha-nxaxheba ababini yelenqe bavalelwa Oswaldo Ortiz kunye Reymond Li Harvey, ngubani kwafuneka enze ingxolo ngoncedo ngompu ukudutyulwa okusilelayo kwezinye abathathi-nxaxheba Carter wadutyulwa kunye umpu. nangoko Amagama nabavukeli jonga igama umbulali Dzhona Kennedi zibangele oluninzi namathandabuzo. Ezinye iintatheli baye bade bathi umongameli zokusingatha ukuzama kokubulawa ngenjongo ukulukuhla abavoti ecaleni kwabo. Le nkqubo ayilufumani abantu, kunye nophuhliso nezigwebo, ababulali zithe wakhululwa ngebheyile. Kwaye konke oku enye idrophu endebeni umonde labavoti kunye nokuphikisa zezopolitiko Carter.

yokwehlulwa

Yonke indlela kamongameli Carter - indlela isiphoso, ubuthathaka kunye neengxaki engekasonjululwa. nkqubo uJimmy Carter kaThixo engenamandla, ngoko ke wavuthululwa uRonald Reagan bekufanele kulindeleke oko. kwikomkhulu Campaign lokugqibela ngobulumko kakhulu basebenzisa imeko nabafo e Iran, ngokunjalo zonke iintsilelo ngumongameli yangoku. Kukho kwinguqulo Dzhordzh Bush, ilungu leqela Reagan yayihamba iyelenqe kunye namabutho Iranian, bakholelwe ukuba ubambe nabafo kude kube lelo xesha de kubhengezwe iziphumo zonyulo. Enye indlela okanye omnye, kodwa kulindeleke uloyiso uRonald Reagan, yaye January 20, 1981 Dzhimmi Karter wayisonga amagunya kamongameli kwaye kwisithuba semizuzu emihlanu abagrogrisi e Iran wakhulula nabafo ochithe iintsuku 444 entolongweni.

Ubomi emva kokuba House White

lahluleka yoNyulo yaba ukuphoxeka omkhulu Carter, kodwa ke yena ukufumene amandla ukubuyela umsebenzi ekuhlaleni. Emva kokugqiba lo msebenzi kamongameli, Carter lifakwe ekufundiseni, waba unjingalwazi odla umhlala Emory University e Atlanta, Georgia, ubhale iqela leencwadi. Kamva, Uzityhila iziko igama lakhe, ojongene nemiba yesizwe neyamazwe ngamazwe kwezopolitiko yaseMelika.

Dzhimmi Karter, ogama biography emva kaMongameli emva kundoqo ubomi eziqhelekileyo, wazifumana imisebenzi wesisa ngokoluvo kunye nezentlalo. Oku abakule ngokuqukunjelwa yeemfazwe, ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo oluntu, ubulungisa kunye nedemokhrasi, ukunqanda ukusasazeka kwezifo ezibulalayo. Lo msebenzi wavumela Carter ukuqonda izimvo zabo malunga umyalelo yehlabathi elungileyo, nangona zonke iingxaki ukusombulula kuyo, kunjalo, akuphumelelanga. Kodwa phakathi zafezwa bakhe - igalelo ekusekweni uxolo eBosnia, eRwanda, Korea, esiti, waba umchasi esebenzayo lezimangalo lezomoya eSerbia. Kwama 39 ukuthula yayo US President Dzhimmi Karter ngo-2002 ndawongwa ngembasa iNobel Peace Prize, oku kuphela kwimeko apho ngumongameli oswelekileyo umhlala ufumene ibhaso obaluleke kangaka. Ukongeza, Carter inikezelwe UNESCO Prize World kunye kaMongameli Molteno Yenkululeko. Ukuqaphela ngamazwe wazuza iinzame zakhe zokulwa isifo esibulalayo eAfrika - Guinea worm. Ngowe-2002, Carter waba ligosa yokuqala aphezulu American waphula kuvalwe iindlela eCuba, yaye batyelela lizwe kunye namalinge yoxolo. Yena lilungu loluntu kweenkokeli ezizimeleyo "abadala", ahlelwe Nelson Mandela. Lo mbutho wenza ukulungisa iingxabano zosulele ngezizwe, ingakumbi, amalungu ayo eMoscow efuna izisombululo kwiingxaki okubangelwa nokudliwa eCrimea eRashiya. Ngo-2009, i moya encinane kwidolophu yakowabo Carter got igama lakhe.

Karter Dzhimmi waba intshatsheli phakathi US abongameli, umhlala-phantsi, iminyaka yobomi emva White House. Kwakhona enye abongameli ezintandathu yangaphambili ayevile, abaye ufikelele kwiminyaka yobudala engama-90.

wabucala

Carter - umyeni abanyanisekileyo kakhulu kwaye zithembekile, watshata Rosalie Smith, umhlobo kolutsha, ngo-1946, kwaye ke nangoku kunye. Dzhimmi Karter, ogama kaMongameli photo ukuhomba zonke phephandaba, zange ashiye umfazi wakhe xa wenyuka waya Olympus. Yena waba naye kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi. Esi sibini wayenabantwana abane, namhlanje kukho sele abazukulwana eziliqela. Emva Carter washiya White House, kwiintsapho zabo, xa iziqinisekiso zabo, singene entsha iholide. Namhlanje, yonke intsapho ohlala ngazwinye Amathafa - idolophu Carter, apho kokumngcwaba ngokwabo. Ngo-2015, eendaba baqalisa ukuba alarm ngenxa yempilo uJimmy ixilongo, kwafunyaniswa ukuba unomhlaza wesibindi. Yena watyandwa waza ichemotherapy ngempumelelo, yaye ngoDisemba 2015, buqu waxelela oonondaba ukuba sinyangeke ngokupheleleyo.