Umzila Cochlear: oko kukuthi, uMncedi

Kwi-Russian Federation, Ngokwezibalo, aphile malunga ne-12 lezigidi abantu abangeva kakuhle ezahlukeneyo. Ezingamaphepha yokuva nabantu kakhulu amava ubuthulu inani kobunzima kubomi yesiqhelo yemihla ngemihla. Oku sinqande ubuchule babo kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwizinto ezenzeka kubomi boluntu. Ingakumbi nefuthe elibi ubuntu esizibonakalisa abo bantu bazalwa ukuva yesiqhelo, yaye kamva ngenxa yokuba kwezinye iimeko ongevayo ngokupheleleyo, okanye ukuva yawa kabukhali.

kuzwa ziyilelwe kubantu abangevayo. izigulane ezininzi zisebenzisa kubo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha basebenzisa unika isiphumo encinane kakhulu. Kwimeko sensorineural izigulane ilahleko Hearing kunceda uyofaka cochlear. Ukuze uqonde ukuba isebenza njani, jonga yokuqala endlebeni isebenza njani yaye kutheni sisiva, kwakunye ngokufutshane iindidi kuzwa.

Kutheni na ke ukuba sibeve nje?

Isandi kwenziwe ngokusebenzisa engaphandle kunye nendlebe eliphakathi. Sound wave lokungcangcazela esikhokelela kule indlebe. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba adlulisele kuye lo lokungcangcazela kwitsheyini of ossicles bezandi - isando, nensimbi nestibili.

Ukususela lingaphakathi, nto leyo imi ekupheleni chain le ossicles zendlebe, lihlaleni intlokoma ukuya em- kwindlebe engaphakathi. It has ukuma njengenkumba kwaye ezaliswe ulwelo. Kule kwisisu kukho iiseli iinwele oluvo ukuba ukuguqula intlokoma mechanical ube amaza luvo. La mandla kuziswa ebuchotsheni yi-luvo ezikhalayo, kukho ukusekwa nendlela abayibona ngayo kumfanekiso isandi, siva.

Kutheni ubuthulu?

zenzeka iingxaki Ukuva, ukuba ngaxa lithile ekubunjweni nokuphazamiseka yesandi yenzekile. Ngoko ke, xa lisenza ezonakeleyo iiseli iinwele oluvo sendlebe engaphakathi ngenxa nayiphi na ukwenzakala okanye isigulo ukuvela zizithulu ngokupheleleyo. Kunokuba postlingvalnoy xa umntwana sele efunde ukuthi ixesha yokungeva ngeendlebe okanye prelingvalnoy - ukuba intetho uye ebezingekabetheleleki.

Types of ubuthulu

Ingakumbi ubuthulu abe zokuhlela zabo, nto leyo ke sagqitywa kuxhomekeke kubungakanani, indawo, kunye nokuqalisa yokungeva ngeendlebe.

Ngokutsho iqondo ubuthulu azizahlulo iyonke ukungeva nokuva ilahleko, xa kukho imbono isandi, kodwa kunzima. Ukuva ukulahlekelwa:

• sensorineural;
• conductive;
• mixed.

Sensorineural kungenxa ukuva iingxaki ezibangelwa ukunyhashwa endlebeni yangaphakathi okanye ekuva nemithambo Uhanjiso. Ubungakanani lomonakalo yahluka ukusuka ngobulali ukugqiba yokungeva ngeendlebe.

Conductive ubuthulu kwenzeka ngenxa yeengxaki nazo endlebeni lwangaphandle okanye ephakathi, ngenxa apho intlokoma conductivity isandi kwaye ezaphukileyo okanye zonakaliswa ufumene ntoni na kuqhutywa ukuya endlebeni. walimala Oku nokuba yonakele, nesivalo sulphuric, njl

Ukutyhubela iminyaka yobudala abantu abaqala ezi ngxaki zinokuba:

• yayinkwenkwe, noyibulala;
• prelingvalnye;
• postlingvalnye.

Kwasendaweni ukungeva ukuze kuthunyelwa endlebeni elinye okanye zombini, ngoko, ibizwa ngokuba ubuthulu binaural.

Ubungqina obubonakalayo buxela ukuba umzila cochlear

umzila Cochlear kuboniswa kwezi meko zilandelayo:

1. Nge ukungeva olunzulu-kabini sensorineural.
2. Xa bezibona embundwini ephantsi kwimeko izixhobo ezimanyelwayo yokuncedisa ukuva binaural.
3. Xa engekho kwimbono yokuthetha kwimeko zokuncedisa ngokupheleleyo ezikhethiweyo ukuva iinyanga ezintathu, kunye amabini kakhulu sensorineural ilahleko ukuva.
4. Xa engekho iingxaki cognitive (ukuphazamiseka yomsebenzi yengqondo umlinganiswa ezahlukeneyo).
5. Xa engekho iingxaki zengqondo.
6. Xa kungekho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kwezifo somatic.

Izimo nokulinganiselwa

Olu hlobo koko iye ukuba angabi kwimeko ukuva ilahleko lwenzeke ngenxa neuritis le-luvo eziviwayo okanye ukopha zuzwana okanye ukunqanda nomhlehlo ebuchotsheni. umzila Cochlear kwezi meko aziyi kuzisa iziphumo ezinqwenelekayo.

Kwenza akukho mqondo ukuba aqhube ukusebenza xa calcification cochlear (imvula of iityuwa calcium) okanye kwamathambo (ukuntshula ithambo) yayo.

umzila Cochlear akwenzi ngqiqo ukuba izigulane ubuthulu ixesha elide (iminyaka) bahlala cwaka. Kulo mzekelo, umsebenzi engazisi yifuna ngenxa yokuba ukungabikho elide ukukhuthazwa amasetyana-luvo yoma eziviwayo kwaye ayikwazi wachacha.

Ukongeza, Izimo ziquka:

• Ukudumba nendlebe.
• Ubukho kukho perforation le indlebe.
• Ukhuseleko kunye nobume zokusebenza iiseli iinwele, nto leyo kumiselwa indlela ezikhutshwayo otoacoustic.
• Xa prelingvalnoy ukungeva - ubudala umntwana ngaphezu kweminyaka 6.
• Xa postlingvalnoy ukungeva - ixesha isithulu elide ngaphezulu ixesha ezindlebeni eqhelekileyo.

Yintoni kweyodwa cochlear?

Le nkqubo iquka iinxalenye ezimbini apho amaqhina oqhagamshelwano phakathi na iindlela neeplanethi inthanethi. Enye inxalenye iqhotyoshelwe apha endlebeni engaphandle kwaye iquka microphone kumqhubekekisi (in imifuziselo mihla zidibene), kwakunye samaza, iqhotyoshelwe eluswini, ngathi umazibuthe wakhe. inxalenye yesibini - embilwini kwaye imele receiver. Oku ezisisigxina ithambo zexeshana. Enyanisweni, lo yomfumani imisiwe kunye nokusebenza - umzila we cochlear.

Sisebenza njani le nkqubo?

Umbhobho ekhwele ngasemva indlebe engaphandle, uchola izandi ayithumele kumqhubekekisi intetho, ibekwe kwindawo enye. Iprosesa wafumana izandi ikhodi iguqulwe sibe ngamaza ombane. Baqhubeka ngokusebenzisa samaza iqhotyoshelweyo isikhumba ezinikwa akwamkele ibekwe amathambo zexeshana. Ukusuka apho phezu electrode kwi njengecochlea benza ntoni baze baluphumeze isantya ganglion ye-luvo eziviwayo. Ngoko ke isigulane uyakwazi ukubona izandi.

iindleko

Indleko iyonke nje koko iye cochlear, kuphando oluqhutywe yi kutyando nokulungisa postoperative uzimisele ngokukhethekileyo ukuba isigulane ngasinye. Inani ukuhlolwa ixhomekeke imbali yezonyango kunye nemeko ngokubanzi yesigulana. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, izigulana kunye imbali abaye baba meningitis, ngokuyimfuneko wabelwa livakale magnetic umfanekiso, nto leyo eza kuqinisekisa ubume amathambo nezenyama. Ezinye izigulane ezinjalo uviwo kunokutshintshwa. Kwakhona, maxa wambi (hayi bonke) ifuna uthethwano sezakhi okanye luvo. Oku konke kuchaphazela indlela lubekelwe ukuxilongwa cochlear. indleko yalo malunga zomyalelo engange-1 million 300. Kodwa abemi Russian Federation, lo msebenzi kufuneka wenziwe simahla phantsi quota.

Iindleko esibhedlele kunye isibhedlele nokuhlala ihlawulwa ngokwahlukeneyo kwaye kuxhomekeke amaxabiso ngamaziko ekhethiweyo.

Uhlolo Laveka kunye nokusebenza

1. Ukuhlolwa ENT.
2. yokubonisana otonevrologa.
3. surdopedagogs thethwano.
4. Audiometry.
5. Impedancemetry.
6. test Promontorialny.
7. ezikhutshwayo Otoacoustic.
8. Ekuva zabizwa nekhono.
9. Itomography ngekhompyutha ye amathambo nezenyama.
10. laboratory Standard njengoko nayiphi utyando (uhlalutyo jikelele igazi nomchamo iimvavanyo, iswekile yegazi, igazi iimviwo ezinto).

Olu tyando kuthatha malunga 1.5 iiyure. Le uyofaka Iqinisekile kule ndawo ithambo zexeshana emva indlebe, kwaye i electrode ebiqaliswe kwi njengecochlea. Ibambe zokubopha kunye sutures iyasuswa ngeentsuku 7-10.

Vula kwisistim ziiveki 3-5. I uhlengahlengiso yokuqala ingenziwa ngaphambi ngaphezu kwenyanga enye emva kotyando. Kubaluleke kakhulu naye kakuhle, kwaye musa ukuba sizive sikhathazekile yomguli kwi abuyele ukuba kwihlabathi izandi.

Ifumaneka-isigaba ukuxilongwa cochlear kuzo zombini iindlebe kwangoko. Kulo mzekelo, kwicala ngalinye abeke inkqubo cochlear ozimeleyo eyahlukileyo. Survey kunye nexesha kwimo ziyafana kwi umzila ngomoya omnye.

kwimeko yesiqhelo

Emva kotyando, "ukuxilongwa cochlear" novuselelo Inyathelo elibalulekileyo. Emva kokuba iprosesa intetho elidityaniswe, kufuneka ngokufanelekileyo amise kwaye ufundisa isigulane ukuqonda izandi ukuqaphela ezi iimvakalelo ukuze asebenzise olo lwazi lufunelwa uphuhliso zentetho. Rehabilitation uthatha nqanaba ibalulekileyo, ezinzima elide.

Bangenele ixesha kwimo isigulane kunceda lonke iqela leengcali, ebandakanya otohirurgi, surdopedagogs, audiologists, kwengqondo. Iiklasi kwi ubuchule ezikhethekileyo nakwisiqendu sexesha elide kulungelelana, kunye nokudibana zonke ezi iingcali. Kwixa elizayo, baya kufuneka esweni kulo lonke ubomi umguli. Ukongeza, kumqhubekekisi ntetho iza kuhlola ngokwezi hlandlo kufuneka reprogrammed.

Nabantu abangevayo. amaxabiso

Kuba abantu kwinqanaba elisezantsi okuqonda isandi liqulunqe izixhobo ezininzi - izixhobo ukuva anokukunceda ukuqhelana ongqongileyo kwezentlalo. zokuncedisa ukuva BTE na, ezithi zixhonywe emva indlebe, yaye-i - bebekwe kwi yomguli indlebe emisele kwaye zenziwe ukuba odola. Okwangoku on sale kunye neemodeli digital.

Ukongeza, kukho CIC ngeendlebe aids. Bona ibekwe endlebeni emseleni kakhulu ubungakanani ezincinane phantse ezingabonakaliyo kwabanye. Kodwa izixhobo ezinjalo contraindicated abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-12.

Indleko kuzwa buyahluka, kodwa incinane kakhulu. Oku kwenza inani elikhulu lezigulane ukusebenzisa izixhobo ukuva. Amaxabiso abasakwazi ezifikelelekayo. Ngoko ke, imifuziselo BTE zingathengwa kwa-4,5 ukuya amawaka 17. Engange. In-iingcinga ayabiza kakhulu.

Unyango lwe ubuthulu

Ukuba unayo ubuthulu, unyango iya kuxhomekeka izizathu isizathu sokuba avele. Phakathi iinketho okunokwenzeka:

1. Ukususwa cerumen - oku kwenziwa ngendlela ngokuhlamba, ngamanye amaxesha basebenzisa isixhobo okhethekileyo.
2. Ukusetyenziswa nabantu abangevayo. Ngaphezu koko BTE, umAmoni kunye glubokokanal'nykh, izixhobo zokuva lungasetyenziswa, shelwe isakhelo sezibuko okanye pocket, kwakunye iqhiya, nkqu ngohlobo namacici. Yeyiphi enye lulungele isigulana othile, dibana i ingcali yokuva ngeendlebe.
3. ukuxilongwa Cochlear - ukuba abakhankanywe kweli nqaku.

Prevention of ubuthulu

Ukuva ukulahlekelwa ezinokubangelwa yesifo, iyasebenza kwiindawo ezinengxolo okanye elapho kwindawo enengxolo. Ukuva kunganciphisa, yaye ngenxa yeenguqu ubudala.

Ukuba umsebenzi edibene yemveliso ezinengxolo, kucetyiswa emsebenzini usebenzisa headphones okanye ezinye izixhobo udonga lokuzikhusela iingxolo elikhulu, ezifana iindlebe ezizodwa.

Rhoqo kufuneka zihlolwe ukuva bonke abantu ezinxulumene ukuhlala ixesha elide kwindawo enengxolo. Oku kuya kunceda ukuchonga ubuthulu kwangethuba yaye ixesha lokuthatha amanyathelo, nto leyo esithintelayo okunye ukulahleka yokuva ukuva ilahleko okanye ukuba zizithulu.

Kuphephe umsindo elikhulu kakhulu ngethuba leeholide baze bangaliphulaphuli umculo phezulu kakhulu, okanye ubuncinane amaxesha ngamaxesha ukuba bathathe ikhefu.