UMkroli Nikkolo Pizano: engobomi, ubuchule kunye umdla facts

Eli nqaku liza kugxila ngobomi nomsebenzi nomkroli Italian kunye umyili Nikkolo Pizano. Le zinakanwa ngunozala yesikolo Italian zakhiwo eziphembelele uphuhliso bezobugcisa lonke Italy.

imvelaphi

Nikkolo Pizano ithathwa ngunozala yesikolo sculpture Italian kwaye uyise nomkroli odumileyo aneziphiwo Dzhovanni Pizano. Kwakhona kokuba ivunyiwe ngumseki Protorenessansa inkcubeko. Umhla ochanileyo wokuzalwa na unyana wenkosi ayaziwa. Abaphandi umsebenzi lakhe libonisa ukuba umhla mhlawumbi unako kuqwalaselwa ngo-1219.

Le nomkroli wazalelwa Puglia, emazantsi eItali. Xa sibhenela kwiindawo ezigcinayo Siena, uya kufumanisa ukuba ubizwa ngokuba unyana ka Pietro. "Pisano" - alikho igama lenene, kodwa kuphela lesiqhulo ukuba wezakhiwo leyo, ixesha elide wasebenza Pisa.

ekufundeni

Nikkolo Pizano, umsebenzi wakhe ubonisa ngokucacileyo umgangatho ophezulu zezakhono, wafunda iinkosi eziqhelekileyo kowabo. Kukho kwakhona intelekelelo ukuba uqeqesho kwi-workshop, owayesebenza kuMlawuli Brasco igxalaba Frederick II kwaye ugqaliselo yesiko yamandulo. Kufuneka ke ukuba afika e Pisa sele kakhulu bakha nomkroli. Njengoko ixesha eliboniswe, wenza isigqibo esifanelekileyo, ukuyeka isithethe yaseByzantium ngenxa yokubuyela yeplastiki yehlabathi lamandulo. Kukholelwa ukuba malunga 1245 m-Nikkolo Pizano ueahal Tuscany apho ozixhamle Castello Del Prato uKhesare.
Emva kwexesha elithile, loo nomkroli kwakhona ngokutsha: yenzeka Lucca, apho waqhubeka imikrolo yakhe. Kamva, ebuya e Pisa (phakathi kweminyaka 1.245 no 1,250). Kungenxa kulo mzi Nikkolo Pizano wadibana umfazi wakhe, waza waba nguyise. lover lakhe uyazi lutho. Pisano nyana wayemthanda waza wafundisa ezilolonga besebancinane. Ekubeni ukufudukela Pisa, uqala ukuba abonakale onke amaxwebhu phantsi igama Nikkolo Pizano.

indalo

Abaphandi abakwazi ukuthetha ngenxa ukuba luhlobo luni lomsebenzi behlelo esandleni nomkroli pisano. Kukholelwa ukuba umhombiso nqaba Castello del uMlawuli yayiganelwe nguye. Kusenokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba umbhali eengonyama kubonisiwe kwi-portal nqaba, naye, yena. Ngokuba umsebenzi wakhe ngexesha Tuscan ziquka "intloko intombazana", apho siboniswa eRoma (Palazzo Venezia). E Lucca ujongene umhombiso emva kodonga Cathedral St. Martin kaThixo.

wobugcisa wokuqala

Nikkolo Pizano, ogama ekroliweyo baye bahlangana kuyo yonke Italy, ngo-1255 bafumana umyalelo ethile e Pisa, njengako leyo ukudala ngusihlalo we lokubhaptiza. Kule projekthi nomkroli yasebenza kunye nabahlobo bakhe Lapo Di Richevuto kunye Arnolfo di Cambio. Yaba umsebenzi wokuqala ukuba pisano utyikitye. Kucingwa wobugcisa yakhe yokuqala, njengoko inkosi yakwazi ukuba ahlanganise bamandulo kwexesha style yamaRoma.

Kukholelwa ukuba phambi pisano ngokukhutheleyo bafunda umcimbi oqingqiweyo ixesha soMhlekazi, ngoko into eninzi kuwo lwabonakala kwiSebe lokubhaptiza. Yaba isakhiwo carbon-6 ezenziwe emarmore emhlophe, opinki nemnyama eluhlaza, leyo iqamele neengqameko. Le yokugqibela kwenziwa isimbo Gothic eluhlobo trefoil. Arch ixhasa iikholam eziphakamileyo. Xa nakwiimbombo arch ngamnye wabekwa ngemfano nayiphi na iincam ezine (ngoyena ethandwa - umfanekiso uMkhosi ngokohlobo uMofokeng). Kukholelwa ukuba indalo nje iinkosi lokubhaptiza onjalo waphefumlela Iingqameko loloyiso waseRoma, lowo bemnandi, xa waya laseOstia.

Masikhumbule ukuba le INqaba kaConstantine kwakhona ezihonjiswe kwimiqolo kunye imikrolo. Xa wokugqibela athatha ezichazwe ezahlukeneyo nobomi bukaYesu Kristu: "Umgwebo Wokugqibela", "nobusuku ye abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi," "Ukuzisa etempileni," "The Emnqamlezweni", njl Kwakhona, umsebenzi lokubhaptiza ngoyaba iimpembelelo ezicacileyo Classic ukuba pisano aqeqeshwa e .. wenkundla noMlawuli Frederick II. Kukholelwa ukuba imisebenzi emihle noNiccolò - kukho isiqabu "Le Annunciation", "nobusuku kwabalusi" yaye "Kudala". Kulo msebenzi nomkroli zidityanisiwe ngempumelelo ubuchwepheshe iinkosi yamandulo neyanamhlanje intsingiselo engcwele amasiko zamaKristu. Kulo mfanekiso oyingcwele kwakhona embhoxo umsebenzi iinkosi bamandulo; baba zodidi oluphezulu, sublime neliyingqondi.

Cima nonyana wakhe

Around 1264 pisano wagqiba umsebenzi kufuneka lwale lokubhaptiza. Ekuqaleni kwalo eganiweyo ngokomakhi Diotisalvi, kodwa ke umsebenzi wanikwa noNiccolò. Le nomkroli iye yagqiba ukwenza i lokubhaptiza ngasentla kwaye bayihombise uphahla ezimbini. Around 1278 ukunceda noNiccolò weza unyana wakhe Giovanni, owanceda zigqibezele lokubhaptiza, ubuciko izithombe kobuhle. Kamva, noNiccolò waqalisa ukusebenza kwi projekthi ityesi izinto ezingcwele St. Dominic. Development pisano yaxhasa, kodwa walelwa umsebenzi ngakumbi. Kamva, lisekhona isandla ekudalweni engcwabeni ngenxa Saint. Dominic e Bologna kunye fra uGuglielmo.

ISebe for the Siena Cathedral

Around 1265 waqalisa ukusebenza ngomhla kwisebe lemfundo ukuze Siena Cathedral. Xa iyonke aye wachitha kuyo iminyaka emithathu. Usihlalo sifana kakhulu wobugcisa yakhe yokuqala - lokubhaptiza. Noko ke, nanku ke iye yakujika scope kunye nesakhiwo wenza ezinkulu ubukhulu. Kananjalo nothi na uhombiso, ngenxa yokuba kakhulu obutofotofo ngaphezu kuphando lokuqala. On iprojekthi yena esebenza kunye nabahlobo bakhe abanyanisekileyo - unyana ka Giovanni, yi Arnolfo di Cambio kunye Lapo Di Richevuto. Xa sihlalutya le imikrolo-ntathu ezimise, singatsho ukuba kakhulu impembelelo French Gothic.
Umsebenzi yokugqibela Nicola kunye Dzhovanni Pizano - lithende, lowo besilungiselelwe ukuhombisa isikwere mkhulu e Perugia. Afidavithi bathi noNiccolò wakha ibandla Santa Trinita e Florence, ukuze uzikhumbuze Cistercian Gothic, eqhubekileyo uphuhliso yayo Italy.

UPawulos sinokuthi noNiccolò yaba ukhokho yesikolo Italian of imikrolo, olwaqhubeka kwaze ngenkulungwane XIV, yaye impembelelo yawo kwalutyhutyha lonke Italy. Kakhulu imisebenzi pisano bobabo bamandulo iisimboli lixesha kunye nemifanekiso, isithuba yazaliswa ngokupheleleyo, ngaphandle vaakelani va of ingako. Kodwa ke umsebenzi Nikkolo Pizano (imizobo yakhe) ukulungiselela uluntu utshintsho olukhulu kwicandelo sculpture kunye bokwakha. Baye baba uhlobo sokufezekisa ngokutsiba eliphezulu. iminyaka 1260-1270 bexakekile kakhulu kumninindlu, ngokuba ube nokufumana imiyalelo kulo lonke Italy.