Umdlali chess Korchnoy UViktor Lvovich: engobomi, uloyiso kunye namanqaku anika umdla

NgoJuni 2016 kwi kunyaka asibhozo anesithandathu ubomi washiya uViktor Lvovich Korchnoy. Uloyiso ibhodi chess - hayi kuphela into yena uyaziwa kweli lizwe. Man nxi nzima, waba ngomnye "defectors" ngubani umngeni kwinkqubo yonke eSoviet, waba idabi yezopolitiko ukulwela isithsaba chess. Yintoni ngoku eyaziwayo ngale ndoda?

ebuntwaneni nzima

Wazalwa Victor Korchnoi - March 23, 1931. Indawo yokuzalwa - isixeko eLeningrad. Abazali bakhe umtshato nje emva kokuzalwa kwakhe, ibe ngalo lonke ixesha lobomi amaxesha 6 wamangalelwa phezu kwendawo yokuhlala umntwana. ngoko ke unina wazama ukuba unyana wakhe, uyise wabuya, becaphula yokunqongophala kwemali. Ngenxa yoko, lo mfana wachitha ebuntwaneni bakhe kwintsapho kayise, ngubani wafa ngaphambili kunyaka wokuqala waloo mfazwe. Ngomhla elandulela Leo Merkurevich wazama ukuthumela unyana wakhe kokukhutshwa ngobungxamo, kodwa unina wamthabatha umntwana abuyiselwe eLeningrad. Yena wakhulela kwintsapho Umama wakhe Rosa Abramovna, ezazi zonke zoyikekayo zokungqinga. oneminyaka elishumi elinanye inkwenkwe waya Neva uMlambo ukuba amanzi, soyise zokuqhushumbisa phantse sekhilomitha.

UViktor Lvovich Korchnoy, engobomi leyo ichazwe ngokwenkcukacha kwiincwadi, ukuba uzalwa Polish-yamaYuda. izihlobo Polish uyise ayikwazanga ukusinda ukuqapha ngqwabalala. Wanceda ukuba Abramovna Rosa wayesebenza kuloo mveliso ilekese. Ngaphandle koku, ngo-1942 ukuba aye esibhedlele unesifo "yamehlo."

lwaya ne chess

UViktor Korchnoi kusekho yesikolo, ogama engobomi uxoxwa eli nqaku baba nomdla wechess. Yaye ngowe-1947 waba intshatsheli USSR kwelo qela loontanga bakhe. Impumelelo usenza, kwaye ngo-1956 umntu oselula wonyuselwa GM. Ngaxeshanye, waphumelela kwimbali sokuzikhethela iLeningrad State University, kodwa hayi usuku ayayisebenzisa le elithile. Chess wagcwala ubomi bakhe bonke.

Ngowe-1957, e-Gagra wadibana Isabella Margaryan, umfundi kwi IISS. Yena waba ishwangusha efanayo: Abazali bakhe umtshato, yeziswa emva koko kunye noyise. Okokuqala, intombazana encinane neentloni ukuthandana Korchnoi, ngenxa yokuba ngelo xesha hayi fashionably kakhulu enxibe, kodwa kungekudala waqonda kuye ngumntu okrelekrele umdla waza wavuma ukuba batshate. Kungekudala esi sibini wazala unyana, Igor.

Ngowe-1960, Korchnoy UViktor Lvovich uba yintshatsheli USSR. Loo ibalulekileyo emva kwisihloko intshatsheli behlabathi, ngokuba yiSoviet Itshesi School sasongamile kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele. Oku kwanika phantse ngokuzenzekelayo isihloko iNkosi abazukileyo Imidlalo USSR. Inkokeli zehlabathi ngelo xesha uMikhail Botvinnik, kodwa khuphiswano ngamandla kakhulu kweli lizwe. Korchnoi emithathu uya kuba oyiphumeleleyo USSR - ngo-1962, 1964 no-1970, ngokulandelelana kwazo.

Ubomi abadlali chess eSoviet

Ekuqaleni, Victor Korchnoi onke amalungiselelo: kule minyaka-29 sele waba indawo igumbi-2, imoto. Noko ke, xa ndandineminyaka eli-33 ndafumana ingozi kunye imoto yamapolisa yendlela emva ivili ayisekho ukuhlala. Material kwanikwa, kuba ukususela 1954, yena lafumana umvuzo osisigxina. Ehlabathini lonke, ngasendleleni, kukho ubungqina bokuba umdlalo professional kweli lizwe akwenze, ngoko GMs kubalelwa uhlobo oluthile kulo msebenzi. Ngokomzekelo, Petrosyan njengento sobulumko, kunye Anatoly Karpov - yezoqoqosho.

Korchnoy UViktor Lvovich kunye Efimom Petrovichem Gellerom kanye emva ukhuphiswano iqela le e West Jamani (1965) waya kwenye yeedolophu ezincinane ukusebenza. Ngoko ke wabiza intsebenzo yabo kunye simul. Ebudeni bohambo abadlali Russian abathetha wadibana nendoda ilidini IsiNgesi Korchnoi ukuba ahlale eJamani. Kodwa ke ngelo xesha GM akazange acinge ukuba kungenzeka ukuba ashiye ilizwe, esenjenjalo ngononophelo walile.

Izinto ezibangela izwe

Kukho uguqulelo, avakalisa yi Korchnoi, ukuba indima ebalulekileyo ukugxothwa kwakhe evela lizwe waba yintshatsheli owayesakuba yehlabathi Tigran Petrosian. Ngexesha abaviwa komdlalo e Odessa (1974) kukho isiganeko enkulu phakathi kwabo bobabini, ngenxa apho Petrosian wala ukuqhubeka olu khuphiswano.

Yena waba umkhwa wonyawo othukile akasafuni nto, leyo Korchnoy uViktor Lvovich wakhalaza ijaji. Petrosian, ke, wagxeka umhlobo yangaphambili ukuthi walenza yakhaba kuye phantsi kwetafile, yaye akazange ukuqhubeka nomzabalazo kunye preponderance le akhawunti wakhetha Korchnoi. Impixano kwaqiniswa emva ukusilela Victor L. aye komdlalo nxamnye Fischer e Buenos Aires kwiqela Petrosyan. Okumangalisayo kukuba, bayahlelwa oonyana ngaphezu kanye uya kubangenisa ndawonye kwiitumente, yaye zonke ezi imidlalo ziya kuba olunzima kakhulu kwaye lilishwa for Tigran Vartanovich ukuba okunene waziva ityala.

Enoba oko, isigqibo sokuba ashiye ilizwe uViktor Lvovich Korchnoy; ngokuba lowo yokushiywa kwi 60s kwakusekho ayinakwenzeka, yamkelwa ngo-1974, emva komdlalo nxamnye Anatoliem Karpovym. Ophumelele kwafuneka ukuba anilwele isithsaba chess kunye Bobbi Fisherom. ESoviet Union wenza ubhejo kwi Karpov oselula ethembisayo, naye neentsapho Russian kunye nokusebenza. Kusebenza lonke ichess ezinkulu namandla ingenalo novelwano. Yaye abo wavuma ukunceda Korchnoi, kamva kwakukho iingxaki ngokwenene. Umzekelo, D. Bronstein, ihlawulwe kunye nesikhundla sakhe.

VL Korchnoi ilahleke, kodwa ndlebe abazange baqaphele ukongama Karpov, kuba awababeka sanyanzeleka ukuba ekugwetyweni adibeneyo grandmasters Soviet. Le ncwadi evulekileyo lwaqaliswa Petrosyan kwaye khange isayinwe abadlali chess abane kuphela, nto leyo ebonisa kakhulu Korchnoi.

iingxaki ekhaya Korchnoi

Kungenzeka ukuba ashiye ilizwe wabonakala ngo-1976. Korchnoy UViktor Lvovich wahlala e Holland emva tumente e Amsterdam. Akuthandeki ukuba elithekelelwayo yintoni ingxaki wadala intsapho yakhe. Emva kokuba sifudukele Switzerland (uMnu Volen), loo mntu kwaSirayeli walungelelanisa ikhwelo umfazi kunye nonyana wakhe. Kodwa nje zange ashiye ilizwe, kodwa Igor wabanjwa ngenxa yokwala ukuba bakhonze umkhosi emva esimka kwelo ziko. Lo mfo kwafuneka ukuba ukukhonza iminyaka 2.5. Baiting kumaphephandaba lwaba nentsapho yakhe iintshaba zabantu. Isabella Egishevna abadinga kwemali, wathengisa injana ukusuka poodle ekhaya. Emva kosuku emva ngamazwi andazi ukuba bathenge iintshaba zabantu.

V. L. Korchnoy ngexesha wabhala incwadi yakhe engahambi yokuqala "Antishahmaty". Kwileta eya A. Karpov, ikopi yayo iya kuthunyelwa K. U.Chernenko, kuya ingxelo ukuba uyavuma ukuba ukupapasha izinto sisananelo ngokuvumela usapho lwakhe ukuya kwamanye amazwe. Kamva, uyavuma ukuba wabhenela abameli mafia eSoviet emva-1982 wafumanisa ukuba bafune imali ukuhamba usapho, nangona kungacaci ukuba baye kulo mzamo.

impilo Personal

Yintoni wagxeka kakhulu Korchnoy uViktor Lvovich, ubomi lakhe siqu baba kawonke domain? Emva kokufumana imvume ukuba baphume kwelo lizwe, e-Switzerland Isabella Egishevnu I kulindeleke indoda kakhulu, igqwetha amaphepha mtshato. Into yokuba umtshato asisekho, wayengazi kangangeminyaka eliqela.

Emva e Holland, kwenye yeeseshoni imidlalo ngaxeshanye, umyeni wakhe wadibana oyinzalelwane Austria Petra Leeverik. Ukubona basemzini kwincwadi etafileni Leo Tolstoy "Uvuko" in Russian, washiya amagama ambalwa kunye naye. Kamva, likuthethayo ukuba umhlobo wakhe Russian olungileyo unyanzelekile ukuba ukuqinisekisa ukuba kwiminyaka 10 ndayichitha kwiinkampu eSoviet Union. Dlala kakuhle itshesi, oko kuya kuzo zonke iiseshoni zayo, de ngenye imini akazange ameme uPetros endlwini yakhe. Kwaye contenders ukufanisa e Baguio City (1978), iye sele Unyuke yintloko yegqiza lalo.

Korchnoy UViktor Lvovich, ogama ngumfazi, kunye nonyana wakhe, weza Lausanne, ukuba ngemihla yokugqibela kuya kunika inkxaso yakhe yemali. Isabella Egishevna happy moonlighted njengesikhokelo abakhenkethi ukuze amaqela Russian abathetha waza wafa ngo-1995 ukususela multiple. Igor unina ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe ukuba ungquzulwano kunye noyise, ukuqala unxibelelwano kuphela emva kokufa kwakhe. Oku ukwenza iikhompyutha, ukutshata s'thandwa izikolo eziphakamileyo yakhe eRashiya.

umzobo Creative: ophumeleleyo uncrowned

UViktor Korchnoi asibhalele iincwadi ezininzi, apho uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha yonke inkonzo yakhe njengomntu oqeqeshiweyo. Ukongeza "Antishahmat", uye wapapasha imisebenzi ngaphezulu ezintandathu, eyona umdla kuzo: ". 55 winile wam black" "55 winile yam emhlophe" yaye

Kwenzeka ukuba ngeli xesha ezintlanu-intshatsheli yaseYurophu kunye owazuza malunga nekhulu lemidlalo ngamazwe, kabini wayesilwa ukuba ilungelo lokuba abe chess umdlali ngcono ehlabathini, kodwa zange ndizuze isandla ephezulu (ngo-1978 yaye ngo-1981). Kuzo zombini ezi meko yaba utshaba wamthiya Karpov, lowo otkazyvael kwindlela ebalaseleyo. Xa ndlebe emininzi buchopho chess uzibiza kuphela Kasparov kunye R. Fischer, yokunika imbeko kunye abafa ekuqaleni T. Petrosian.

umdlalo wakhe ekholelwa-nd 21 ukudlala umdlalo wokuqala (1978), xa Karpov wayeka kwi intshukumo 19, kodwa ke isiphumo kwayo kwaba adalwe sele kwi-13. Loo ngxabano yaphela abanamanqaku 5: 6 yaye kubaluleke kakhulu eSoviet Union okunxamnye V. L. Korchnogo yaqaliswa kuphela yobungcali ezinkulu, kodwa umatshini yezopolitiko. Defector ayikwazanga kuba yintshatsheli ihlabathi, ngoko ke incwadi ithi malunga izisongelo ngqo kwintshabalalo yayo emzimbeni, kwimeko yelahleko A. Karpov.

Umdlalo ngo-1981 akazange nenkani yaye yaphela abanamanqaku 2: 6, leyo kunokucaciswa kukuba V. L. Korchnomu kwaba nzima ukufumana kwimilo, ngenxa yokuba phantse iminyaka esixhenxe, akazange wafumana izimemo kwiitumente ezinkulu, isiqulatho minor.

Ekhaya uloyiso Victor L. ukuba impilo yakhe yonke yaba ukuzinikela lokwenyaniso wechess. Wadlala ngaphezulu kwe 4500 imidlalo, limi mkhulu, yaye iminyaka engama-80 yokuba nguGrandmaster indala ehlabathini. Yena wayengoyiki umngeni inkqubo, kuhluthwa ubuhlanga kunye nelizwe lakhe. Kwiminyaka 90 sele ibuyiselwe, kodwa wakhetha ukufumana ubumi Swiss.

wamagama

Korchnoy UViktor Lvovich, aza abuya iifeni ncwadi kwi leSoviet kwaye ukubonisa oliqhophololo kwezopolitiko eSoviet Union, ide izaliseke imihla yokugqibela igcinwe ingqondo ecacileyo. Ke sacengceleza loo vesi abawukhumbula nkqu facts-kangako yembali chess. NguGrandmaster uvumile ukuba ngowokuqala ehlabathini ke ndathintelwa evela yezono zethu kunokuba maqhinga iintshaba. Akazange sverhodaron, kodwa wayesoloko umsebenzi kunye nokulwa nomoya nzima. A defector akazange ngenxa isibindi, kodwa kunoko, ngenxa zizicheku. Emva kodliwano-ndlebe kumabona kude nguDmitry Gordon uthe chess amagama macrobiotic mihle: "Ukuthetha kuwe, ndiye kuba ngcono."

Ihlabathi kunye lizwe Juni 6, 2016 wafumanisa ukuba wafa Korchnoy uViktor Lvovich. Unobangela sokufa ingakhankanywanga, kodwa siyazi sonke ukuba kwiminyaka edlulileyo embalwa GM ndandihlala nesincedisi-ntliziyo, ahamba udondolo kwaye engeva, usebenzisa yokuncedisa ukuva. Umzimba ifikelele esiphelweni. Kuba uhlala kude ukusuka kwilizwe, nto leyo iminyaka emininzi kangaka kwakungekho nokuqondana, uvavanyo akuyondlwan 'iyanetha.