Umbhali Kobylianska Olga Yulianovna: engobomi, ubuchule kunye umdla facts

Olga Yulianovna Kobylianska (1863-1942) - Umbhali Ukrainian, ezaziwayo-kakuhle nani, ayezinikele ubomi bakhe kumzabalazo ukulingana phakathi kwabasetyhini kunye namadoda; ilungu le-Union of Writers Soviet.

Ubuntwana e Gura Humorului e Suceava

Olga Kobylianska (1863-1942 gg.) Ngaba wazalwa ngoNovemba 27 kwidolophu Gura Humorului kummandla we kwiiNtaba zeCarpath (ngoku ephethwe yi kwisixeko Romania) yaye waphila iminyaka 80 iminyaka ubomi obude engenakulibaleka. Kuba ngakumbi Olga wachitha ebuntwaneni bakhe nabazalwana noodade wabathanda (yena wazalwa umntwana yesine kusapho). Lwaqala ukuphila kwalo e Gura Humorului, kwaye kwangoko lwezikhalazo engxamisekileyo kayise, intsapho yakowabo yafudukela kwisixeko Suceava, apho ecaleni usapho Kobylyansky wahlala Imbongi Ukrainian UNikolai Ustiyanovich. ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, umbhali elizayo ifumana kwisixeko entsha nentombi entsha - nobizo wakhe ummelwane efanayo wakhe Ustiyanovicha intombi Olga. Kwisixeko efanayo Julian Kobylyansky, ukuthimba kubaluleke kakhulu kwimfundo yabantwana babo, wanika a oonyana encinane esikolweni. Kunye nabazalwana abadala kunye Olga baqalisa ngcembe baqhele inkqubo yokufunda.

Childhood ku Kimpolunge

Emva Suceava Kobylyansky wafudukela umyezo-sixeko, kodwa abazange bahlale apho - intsapho kayise kwakukho uhlaselo, emva koko ugqirha wengingqi yagqiba ekubeni ukuba aphilise isigulane kufuneka nje fresh ezinye umoya ezintabeni. Ecaleni uyise ne-Olga waba rhoqo Kobylianska. ke umbhali elizayo Biography uyaqhubeka e Kimpolung apho yonke le ntsapho kwanyanzeleka ukuba ngo-1869, yaye apho baya kuphila emva kweminyaka elishumi elinamine. Ukuba kukho intombazana eselula kangangeminyaka emine, waphumelela kwisikolo esincinane waseJamani. Ekuqaleni, uqeqesho wanikwa kunzima kuba German yaba ulwimi omtsha Olga oselula, ukanti akukho nto inokwenziwa - eMzantsi Bukovina ngaloo minyaka German yaba ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni, ngokuba bekharityhulam kwizikolo ezininzi lwenziwa kuyo.

usapho

Nawuphi na umbhali na onokumxelela kakhulu ngokuthi kusetyenziswa iintlobo zemithombo, kwaye kweli umbhali sisiganeko umdla ukusuka biography. Olga Kobylianska wayengomnye wabantwana abasixhenxe kwintsapho yakhe. Namhlanje Kunzima ukuba nomfanekiso - njani umgudu kwafuneka tirhisa ukuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntwana ikhule uliqhawe kwixesha elizayo. Abazali umbhali elizayo, yaye okunene ukusuka kanye ekuqaleni kwakungelula, ngokukodwa, kubalulekile ukukhumbula bayahlelwa enzima Yuliana Kobylyanskogo leyo ngokwenza kwabantwana abancinane washiya wayeyinkedama. uyise kaOlga, nangona imeko enzima, izama nzima ukuze ufumane imfundo ngokwabo, abarhola naye kwezifundo wabanika amatakane ebumelwaneni kubize. Ngenxa yemizamo yabo kungekudala efumene ndawo Kobylyansky izivumelwano phoyisa, yaye emva koku kwalandela zonyuselo - wamiselwa mandatorom. Noko ke, umnqweno ubulungisa lamadoda wadlala amaqhinga kuye: ekuchaseni mhlaba entle yaye nkalo, yena lasayina isigwebo. Kwaye nangoku ke engazange anikezele yaye emva kweminyaka embalwa wenze umsebenzi kuwonkewonke enkundleni.

Malunga unina Olga Kobylyanskaya ukwazana ngaphantsi uYise. Ebonakalayo Inyaniso ukuba intombi izibonda asekuthinjweni. Kangangethuba elide unina umbhali elizayo wayesebenza umphathi entsatsheni wombingeleli esisityebi.

Njengokuba utata nomama Kobylyanskaya abantu abanyanisekileyo kwaye eluncedo, bonke ukuba baphathwe ngentlonelo, bafuna icebiso uze umamele kubo. Utata wam engqongqo maxa wambi, kodwa usoloko enobulungisa, unina ibithambile and sensitive nomfazi othe sikwazile ukuzisa ezisixhenxe yabantu ephucukileyo kwaye avule indlela yabo yokuphila.

Ingqwalasela yokuqala ka ngokwayo

Nangona isifundo olunzulu ngolwimi Austria-Hungarian uBukhosi, waqalisa ukufunda Kobylianska kunye nolwimi Ukrainian, esababalwa nzima ngakumbi German. Yena izifundo kumfundisi wendawo intsapho Protsyukevich, owafundisa kwi sikolo sinye, apho Olga wayefunda.

Ukuba intombazana entle ayikwazanga inkululeko-bothando nangokweemvakalelo entliziyweni, musa va uncwadi, ndandisoloko ndifuna ithuba ndiwulahle iingcinga kunye neemvakalelo zabo. Kwaye kwintsapho yakhe evela kubazali ezalwa ukuyibethelela ebantwaneni intlonipho nothando ukuze igama kunye nomsebenzi yabantu. Ngenxa yoko, ebudeni beminyaka yoqeqesho kwi Kimpolunge Olga bafunde iincwadi ezininzi: uluhlu babequka Goethe kunye Schiller, nkqu Byron.

Biography Kobylyanskoy Olgi Yulianovny unika umfundi ingcamango ngokucacileyo oko kulandelwe njengokufuna ntombazana ukuphuculwa ngobugcisa yokuluka zoncwadi. Sele eneminyaka engama-elinesine izama amandla akhe kwimibongo nezicengcelezo umgca wokuqala.

Imisebenzi yokuqala

Young Kobylianska Olga wabhala imibongo yakhe yokuqala ngaphantsi umdla kwaye ebonisa undoqo engenamava abantwana ngokuba "Hortensius, okanye umzobo kobomi intombazana." Lo msebenzi ebhalwe ngolwimi German yaye engavunywanga nayiphi na abahlobo okanye abazana Kobylyanskaya. Ukususela ubukrakra yokuqala ukusilela Olga ebomini bam ndingabi sazikhumbula iinzame zabo yokuqala ekubhaleni.

Kodwa oku thiki eyoku- - weza alumeke imibongo embalwa: "A mzobo wobomi kazwelonke Bukovina," "Man of the People", njl Kodwa yonke le misebenzi ke akukacaci, egxininisa kwimiba ethile yaye engafuni ukuba iqokelelwe .. ibe umfanekiso opheleleyo iingcinga kunye nemeko ngokweemvakalelo lombhali.

Ukwenziwa njenge umbhali Olga Kobylyanskaya

Enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo apha bayahlelwa Olgi Kobylyanskoy ndaqhelana Nataley Kobrinskoy, eyaziwa ngelo umbhali xesha Ukrainian. I Kobylyanskaya kakhulu kunzima elinesibhozo, kodwa oku akuzange kumthintele ukuba kweenyawo zakhe kwaye iqinelwa siqinisekile ukuba ukulandela indlela apho wathumela abazali kuqala, kwaye ngoku ngcebiso kwi umntu umbhali enkulu. Ukususela ngelo xesha, ubomi bakhe bonke utshintsho kakhulu Olga. Phambi kokuba ivula ihlabathi eyahlukileyo - ihlabathi apho unako ekugqibeleni ukuvakalisa iingcinga zabo ngaphandle kokoyika ukuhlekwa.

Kobrin Kobylyansky sazi nge ngobuhlakani Ukrainian - kule khosi iincwadi Ukrainian namabali. Ngenxa yokunyoluka ukuginya onke amazwi Kobylianska uyaqonda ukuba uye wafumana indawo yakhe ebomini. abahlobo kunye abazana abaninzi baya kukuvuyela kunceda Olga kuphononongo inkcubeko Ukrainian. Kungekudala kakhulu Kobylianska Olga uqalisa ukwenza inkqubela ngokukhawuleza kwintsimi boncwadi. Emva ukubhala ibali isiJamani "Yena satshata," nto leyo kamva waba isiseko kwinoveli "Indoda", kubonakala ukuba edumileyo umbhali Ukrainian Kobylyanskaya Olga ukukhanya.

Ubomi Czernowitz

Ngowe-1891, ngenxa yezizathu usapho Kobylyansky usapho lonke safudukela Chernivtsi. Eli xesha zastaot Olga e ababhali ityatyambile imikhosi ngokupheleleyo - uthanda ngeenxa zonke, ufuna ukudala azise inxalenye ngokwabo kweli hlabathi. Kwesi sixeko, ngoku kukugubungela ngokupheleleyo inkcubeko Ukrainian, ngaphezu yaye, kwangaxeshanye, iphucula eminye imisebenzi yabo.

Ngowe-1894, xa magazini "Dawn" apapasha Ukrainian Kobylyanskaya ibali lokuqala "The Man." Illumined reyi eqaqambileyo umbhali lempumelelo kunzima yokusebenza, ukwenza iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo, uthabatha indima ebonakalayo zonke iziganeko boncwadi.

ibali ngokuba "Nkosazana" yaqukunjelwa ngo-1895. Emva kokuba lo msebenzi Kobylianska Olga Yulianovna iphumelele bamhloniphe umbhali esidumileyo Ivana Franko.

Ngowe-1898, umbhali uza kuwo umzi. Apha biography Kobylyanskaya Olga Yulianovna zivuselela isiganeko esitsha ezibalulekileyo - wadibana nabantu Ivan Franko, ibotshelelwe phakathi kwabo ubuhlobo ngamandla. Emva kwesi siganeko, Ivan Franko, njenge kunokuba anegunya bahlonipha ngexesha umbhali kuye bavakalisa esidlangalaleni italente Olga Kobylyanskaya.

Nolwazi Lesya Ukrainka (vuyerisa Kosach)

Bambalwa abantu engaziwa omnye ngaphezulu, kodwa umbhali nozise ngakumbi phantsi elabo Lesya Ukrainka. abaninzi kakhulu amarhe zangoku kunye iimfihlelo ngeenxa igama la mabhinqa mabini, abavikeli ezimbini wangumququzeleli amalungelo abasetyhini, amantombazana amabini, efana kakhulu emoyeni. Ngowe-1899, ngenxa umngane M. Pavlik yaba omaziyo ikamva le abahlobo ezimbini engenakususwa. Ngowe-1899 Les kusonjululwa kuqala ukubhala ileta eya Olga, kuleyo kwileta yokuqala kwaye iqala imbalelwano yabafazi ababini, baya kukhokelela ekupheleni kwemihla yakhe. ubudlelwano Amazing phakathi kwabo: bobabini ulonwabo olukhulu imbalelwano iincwadi, umculo, iincwadi, ukuxoxa nokwabelana iingcingane zabo, iingxaki zabo. Lesya Ukrainka emthanda ababekolo ingcamango ngqindilili imisebenzi Kobylyanskaya kunye nezinye ukuphendula kunqulwa kwisihobe intombi yakhe. Kuyo ubuhlobo ngokunyaniseka yaye eluncedo kwabanye, ngokufuthi watyelela omnye ngamnye kwenye kunye kwimizuzu nje abazange ngaphandle ingcamango yokuba intombi yakhe. Olga batyelela Green Grove Lesia, kwaye yokugqibela inyanga bahlala nabazali Kobylyanskaya ekhaya kwiiNtaba zeCarpath.

Kuyinto ngenxa Lesia Ukrainka kwi Kobylyansky ma enkulu avelise imisebenzi ezakudala Russian kwexesha - Tolstoy, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Dostoevsky, Turgenev, etc ...

A lweli ngenkululeko yabasetyhini

Ukuziva uxinzelelo engaqhelekanga kunye ukuvalwa ngamalengalenga kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, Kobylianska Olga wagqiba ngazo zonke iindlela ukuze ukulwa ulwaphulo-mthetho amalungelo abasetyhini ebomini yentlalo nenkcubeko. Umbhali ngumlilo kangaka waphula ukulwela silwe ukuba emva kwexesha elithile yaba ngomnye lwabasunguli "Women Russian e Bukovina".

Emininzi imisebenzi yakhe, umzekelo, kwi "Nkosazana" okanye inoveli yakhe yokuqala "Indoda" Olga Kobylianska ibonakalisa ngokucacileyo ngumba namaqhawekazi uphendlo - ukufumana uthando, intsingiselo yobomi yaye, ke, ulonwabo yabafazi. Wonke uphawu female kombhali umlinganiswa womelele unothanda yaye womelele, apho ngalinye kula "ncwadi" Women ezinamandla ekugqibeleni uthola wakhe. Yaba uMdali wabo.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Emva 1912 ubomi iba umvumbo elimnyama Olga Kobylyanskaya. Enye yi omnye umntwana uyafa abahlobo bakhe abasondeleyo: Ivan Franko, kwaye nkqu Kotsjubinsky Lesya Ukrainka. Ilizwe iqala imfazwe, yaye ngaloo umhlaba kwaye umhlaba intlungu enzima Olga waqalisa ukubhala amabali anti-imfazwe, ukuba ubuncinane uzame ukubuyela kulo ihlabathi ezimnyama ug ukukhanya. Ekubeni kukho "Dream of", "uYuda", kunye nabanye.

Ngexesha Second World War enedumbe ebudaleni Isicwangciso Olga Kobylyansky ukuba kuziswe kuphunywe evela Chernivtsi, wayehlala apho ubomi bakhe, kodwa ayikasebenzi, yaye umbhali unelishwa kwenziwa ibanjwa yi yiJamani. Waye wayemiselwe ukuba kuwa phantsi sokugweba uze ube wabulawa okuziintloni, kodwa kwakhona ukuba umlinganiswa eyomeleleyo-nkani sele kubonakele ukuba uyakwazi ukutshintsha siwenze, ukuba ufuna, yonke le meko lweziganeko. Matshi 21, 1942 afe. In memory of walencwadi lolondolozo lwembali yakhe kowabo yakhiwa, leyo unanamhla izele ngabantu, ukuba ukukhumbula bonke umfazi omuhle Olga Kobylianska. Biography of umbhali eligqiba kulo mzi - wangcwatyelwa wayo Chernivtsi - indawo apho awayemiselwe ukuqalisa indlela yakho ngumbhali kakhulu kwaye uyigcwalise ngokwaneleyo.