Ulwazi: inkcazelo, ukubaluleka, ububanzi

Endle woqhakamshelwano eendaba, ubugcisa phezulu, isosioloji, ngezengqondo kunye nezinye izifundo zesayensi, enye yeendlela ezibalulekileyo phando ulwazi. Ingcaciso-gama elithi zimiswe Abaphengululi abaninzi eyoluntu specializations zobugcisa. Utshintsho owatshabalalisa uluntu lisiya kwixesha lolwazi boom, ezinkulu-abasakhasayo ngendlela.

Ithuba entsha yophuhliso yoluntu, abaphandi, kwezentlalo kunye ntle bachaza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:

- "uluntu post-mveliso" (Daniyeli Bell);

- "uluntu postmodern" (S. kunye S. egobile Lesh);

- "ulwazi uluntu" (F. Machlup kunye T. Umesao);

- "jikelele" (M. Makluen).

Bonke ingqalelo iqondo eliphezulu uthsintsho, isantya kakhulu kunye nokubaluleka ngokutshintshiselana ngokukhawuleza zonke iintlobo imiyalezo phakathi kwabantu, amaqela ezinkulu nezincinane kwezentlalo, amaziko yonke. Ukuya phambili kuza lo mkhuba "inkcazelo" ingqiqo. Le nkcazelo iye etymology wayo, nto leyo ethatha zawo elithi "informatio" Latin yaye libhekisela kwiinkqubo ...

• ukubuyekeza;
• ukuzithoba;
• nokuqonda (kulo mzekelo, iya libhekisela imbono, ukuqonda into engaziwa, uthelekiso wolwazi olutsha kunye nabadala).

Unxibelelwano kunye nolwazi: inkcazelo entsimini lonxibelelwano eendaba

Ingqiqo "unxibelelwano" yaye "ulwazi" akusoloko kusenzeka ukuba iimeko. Echanekileyo ngokucacileyo kwahlula ukuqonda kwabo. Izithuba inkqubo yonxibelelwano kufuneka iqondwe njengoko umlinganiselo ulwazi ezosulela ukusuka umthumeli kumamkeli. Kusenokuba kuba amazwi kunye nezandi, umbhalo, kunye neempawu ezibonwayo, umoya ngokweemvakalelo, nembonakalo yobuso nemvakalozwi, izimbo zomzimba. Kwakhona ukunika uluvo lwe-nzulu esidumileyo EP Prokhorov ukuba ayizizo zonke imiyalezo kufuneka ingqalelo ulwazi, kodwa kuphela abo beza wadibana kumsebenzisi, ezo kuphela zibonwa okanye ezisetyenziswa yi abaphulaphuli. Ngoko ke, yintoni kwabonakala ukuba undigested kwaye zingqondweni, uhlala kwinqanaba womyalezo, akaweli phantsi kudidi "ulwazi".

Ingcaciso eziluhlobo ngokubanzi

Ulwazi (lat Informatio - ingcaciso, ukutyhilwa kwalo.) - iindaba malunga nantoni na, imisebenzi umntu; umyalezo inkqubo ngeendaba yangoku kubomi zasekhaya ngamazwe ukuba hlengisa abaphulaphuli kwinkqubo yokufumana entsha ulwazi, ubunyani, izenzakalo ezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, inkcubeko kunye nenzululwazi (D. Grigorash).

Le nkcazelo zohlulwa ngokwendidi:

• Injongo and non-injongo - lobukhulu epistemological;
• attributive kwaye zisebenza - i nangobunto bezinto;
• owodwa kwaye eyona - nesebenzayo.

Ulwazi zenzululwazi sobugcisa bendiqonda umyalezo ethunyelwayo ngokohlobo imiqondiso okanye izilumkiso. Le nkqubo ifuna umthombo weengcombolo yomamkeli (ngumamkeli) kunye ijelo lonxibelelwano.

Ngoko, kwi inguqu lwamaxabiso kunye ingcaphephe kwezengqondo kwenkcazelo society "ulwazi" iingqiqo iya isiba arsenal ngokubanzi amaxabiso. Oku kuquka nje kuphela unxibelelwano yabantu, kodwa zonke iinkqubo zonxibelelwano kubunjineli, eyoluntu kunye nenzululwazi yezobugqi.

Inkcazelo Eyimfihlo: Inkcazo

Ulwazi Private nawuphi na umntu ekuthiwa ziyimfihlo yaye iquka ubuzwe bakhe, ulwazi, imfundo, ubume bomtshato, iinkolelo zonqulo, isimo impilo, kwakunye idilesi, umhla kunye nendawo wokuzalwa. Olu lwazi aluluchaphazeli ndibange ukuba iimfihlelo karhulumente, kodwa ekhuselweyo ngokungqinelana nemigaqo esemthethweni yomGaqo-Russian Federation kwaye azisayi esidlangalaleni ngaphandle kwemvume yaloo msebenzi ebhalwe phantsi.

ulwazi oluyimfihlo lilawulwa nguMthetho Federal "Xa okhuselayo ezizodwa, antidumping kwaye countervailing amanyathelo malunga nezinto zorhwebo", banikwa iinguqu kunye nezongezelelo (Article 32); "Kwi Personal Protection Data", "Xa ulwazi, ubugcisa bolwazi kunye nokukhuselwa ulwazi".