Uluhlu iinkqubo zokusebenza: iimpawu, iimpawu kunye nohlolo

Namhlanje, inxalenye enkulu yabemi behlabathi rhoqo esinxibelelana iikhompyutha, umntu owenza umsebenzi, umntu ufuna ulwazi intanethi, kunye umntu nje ukuchitha ixesha kule midlalo. Wonke umntu iimfuno zabo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ikhompyutha kufuneka badibane nabo. Kwaye xa sithetha i "zekhompyutha" (inxalenye zobugcisa ye computer), ngoko yonke into ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ecacileyo: i entsha ngcono. Kodwa apha "Softovaya" (software) inxalenye, kufuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo.

ikhompyutha nganye isebenza inkqubo ethile yokusebenza, apho abaninzi, nganye kuzo ilungele kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, izixhobo zokusebenza, njalo-njalo. Ngoko ke, into ebalulekileyo ezikhethiweyo kwinkqubo yokusebenza.

Kukho kakhulu uluhlu enkulu iinkqubo zokusebenza, kodwa kweli nqaku siza kuqwalasela iintsika ezintathu, abaphenjelelwa kakhulu kwishishini eyayikuyo share enkulu zonke ii operating systems: Windows, MacOS kunye Linux.

systems lobunikazi yokusebenza

Okokuqala, makhe ukucacisa ukuba kukho inkqubo yokusebenza obuphuma, abo abaneka mvume lomenzi. Ezi ziquka iindlela zokusebenza i-Windows, uluhlu kuzo zidweliswe apha ngezantsi, kunye MacOS. Ngaphandle kokuba zombini inkqubo can be downloaded kwiwebhu (ebe) ilungelo ukuba uthenge ilayisenisi evela kwinkampani-umsasazi uze wenze oko.

Inzuzo ale mixokomelwano uphuhliso lwabo, isixa esikhulu-software esemgangathweni nenkxaso elinobuchule zobugcisa, nto leyo eya kukunceda xa likaxakeka.

I 'free "Indlela yokusebenza

Ezi ndawo ziquka phantse yonke intsapho Linux, ngaphandle mhlawumbi uphuhliso ethile elinoxanduva okanye isoftwe zobungcali. Le nkqubo isebenza can be downloaded ngokuphelele free kwaye ukuyifaka kwi nayiphi na ikhompyutha, ngaphandle ulahlwa yesazela.

iinkqubo ezinjalo zidalwe ngababhekisi ezizimeleyo, kunye noluntu, ngoko, kwiimeko ezininzi umgangatho weenkqubo amagqabi kangako, kodwa iinkqubo ezinjalo enqabisekile kunye nokubaleka ezinzileyo okhuphisana zabo wezindlu.

Windows

Ngokuqinisekileyo wonke umntu owakha waba sele ukujongana ngekhompyutha kwazi ngale mveliso ku-Microsoft. Ingakumbi kumayelana ukukhululwa sverhuspeshnyh of Windows 7. Microsoft uluhlu iinkqubo zokusebenza kufuneka izizukulwana elinesibini. Ithandwa kakhulu kulo lonke ihlabathi, wagubungela phantse 90% yemarike. Oko athi malunga ubunkokheli ibonwe.

Uluhlu operating systems Windows:

• XP Windows;
• Vista Windows;
• Windows 7;
• Windows 8;
• Windows 10;

Uluhlu iqala ngenjongo ne Windows XP, ekubeni luguqulelo endala, yaqhubeka isetyenziswa de namhlanje.

System Requirements Windows 10 (ukukhululwa yakutshanje):

• Ukuze umsebenzi odingekayo nge frequency hayi ngaphantsi kwe 1000 MHz.
• 1 GB RAM (bit-32) RAM okanye 2 gigabyte (64 bit).
• ROM 16 gigabyte (32 bit) okanye 20 gigabytes ROM (-64 bit).
• Kwakhona, kuba i-nkqubo efunekayo okanye ikhadi yemizobo GPU exhasa iDirectX 9 technology.

Izinto eziluncedo ze-nkqubo:

1. Ukuba khona. Le nkqubo ingaqalisa ku nayiphi na ikhompyutha, kungakhathaliseki umenzi.
2. Inani leenkqubo. Ukutyhubela imbali elide iqonga yaba iinkqubo omkhulu database kunye kwezicelo zisasebenzela (nokuba ezo eziye zaqulunqwa kwiminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo).
3. inkxaso Quality imidlalo. Microsoft onawo yabo yonke impumelelo yokudlala eziphuhlileyo, ukusivumela ukuba sisebenze kwindlela yabo, loo imidlalo eziphambili.
4. Inkxaso software ethile. Windows sele umgangatho lwehlabathi, kwaye ngoko iinkqubo kunye izicelo ezininzi ukusebenza kuphela kuyo. Kwabo ziquka izicelo yebhanki okanye accounting umthengi lowo. Kwakhona kuye kubonakale ukubaluleka-Microsoft Office, nto leyo ebifanele nje isebenza kwi Windows.

Ezingeloncedo le nkqubo:

1. Ngobuninzi iintsholongwane. Ukuthandwa yalo kwiqonga akulambathanga. Musa phantsi kwayo nayiphi na inkqubo yokusebenza akazange adalwe njengoko intsholongwane kakhulu njengoko ebaleka ngaphantsi Windows. Lo msebenzisi ukuba ukuthatha unonophelo yokhuseleko lwabo, athenge unqulo kunye software nokhuseleko.
2. operation ezingazinzanga. Ngelishwa, i-Windows, esiya ukusuka kwisizukulwana ukuya kwisizukulwana, kodwa uzuza izakhono ezitsha, ngaphandle kokuba balahle inkunkuma. Kulo kuba nzima, kukho iimpazamo ezininzi kwi khowudi. Ngamanye amaxesha le nkqubo uziphethe ezingesosigxina yaye angenza ntoni 'ukufa. "
3. updates njalo. Ngokufaka le Windows, kufuneka siphaphele kungenzeka ukuba iza kuhlaziywa qho, kwaye akusoloko ukuba ngcono. Ewe, lonke uhlaziyo ijoliswe ekuphuculeni amava lomsebenzisi kunye nokhuseleko kodwa ngokwenyani uhlaziyo kungonakalisa ikhompyutha yakho okanye kakhulu ukunciphisa ukusebenza. Ukongeza, le nkqubo ihlaziywa, ngaphandle kokubuza umsebenzisi ukuba ufuna okanye hayi, ngoko uzakulungela ngokwasengqondweni ukuba umsebenzi yakho iphele ngenxa isiziba elandelayo.
4. Imfuneko yokuba abaqhubi - nasiphi na isixhobo ofuna ukuqhagamshela ikhompyutha, kuba oko ikhamera okanye umqhubi womshicileli liya kucela, ngaphandle apho, mhlawumbi, akusayi kusebenza.

Uluvo malunga Windows ebesoloko ezimbini. Umntu ikhalazela iintsholongwane zokunyanzelisa bugs, umntu akaneliseki nophuculo. Umntu ngokuchasene wancoma imveliso Microsoft ngenxa ukukwazi layo ukusebenza ne-Ofisi.

Ngokubanzi, imveliso kukuba uninzi efanelekileyo epheleleyo. Windows ufuna nabo basebenza software ethile, Microsoft Office, kwaye udlala imidlalo yekhompyutha mihla.

MacOS

imveliso high-high azixhaphakanga, kodwa ngaphezulu esenziwe Apple. MacOS inama isabelo wayengaphakamanga-9%. Le meko nzima-embetha kuba MacOS isebenza kuphela phantsi kolawulo i-Mac.

Uluhlu iinkqubo zokusebenza, MacOS:

• OS X Mavericks;
• OS X Yosemite;
• OS X El Capitan;
• MacOS Sierra.

Iimfuno System MacOS Sierra OS (ukukhululwa yakutshanje):

• iMac (wakhululwa ngasekupheleni 2009 okanye ezintsha);
• Mac Book (-12 intshi, wakhululwa ekuqaleni 2015 okanye umhla);
• Mac Book Pro (wakhululwa ngasekupheleni 2010 okanye ezintsha);
• Mac Book Air (wakhululwa ngasekupheleni 2009 okanye ezintsha);
• Mac Mini (wakhululwa ekuqaleni kuka-2010 okanye emva);
• Mac Pro (wakhululwa ngasekupheleni 2010 okanye entsha).

Ukuze le nkqubo ifuna omnye iikhompyutha ngasentla.

Izinto eziluncedo ze-nkqubo:

1. Uzinzo nokhuseleko. iimveliso Apple ibisoloko zaziwa ukhuseleko kunye nozinzo. Iikhompyutha akukho ngaphandle kwaye ukudlula nayiphi na inkqubo ezikhuphisanayo. Phantsi MacOS wadala Unezixhobo ezininzi ukukhusela kunye nezithintelo ukukhusela umsebenzisi ekupheleni. Kwakhona, ngaphantsi kwenkqubo idale iintsholongwane ezimbalwa.
2. I imikhumbi zinto software esemgangathweni. Xa MacOS engagqibekanga ezidibeneyo iphakheji "software" ezifunekayo umsebenzi onemveliso kunye nobuchule. Uluhlu lwezicelo iinkqubo inkqubo ukurekhodwa yokusebenza wangena amanqaku, web yokubrawuza, ngokwenza imifanekiso eshukumayo, ukuxuba umkhondo, ukuzoba njalo njalo. Kodwa ke ngabaqulunqe ezi AppStore, ngokwahlukileyo kwabo Windows, ukuba ukubheja kubulunga kunye iminkqangiyelo kunokuba cheapness.
3. inkqubo intsebenziswano "yentsimbi '. MacOS Indlela yokusebenza "tsolo" ukusebenza uluhlu emxinwa izixhobo, ke ngoko, ukuba siqhuba kakuhle nangobuchule. Ingaba inkxaso iguqule phambili. Phantse zonke izixhobo osebenza ngaphandle abaqhubi.
4. iCloud. iikhompyutha Apple kaThixo, kwakunye nezinye iimveliso nkampani, wayesoloko ingqanyaniswe ilifu iCloud. Oku ukukhusela nayiphi na idatha egcinwe kwi computer, yaye aqhubeka usexesheni kwizixhobo zakho zonke.

Ezingeloncedo le nkqubo:

1. Expensiveness. Le yokusebenza nkqubo ngokwayo simahla, kodwa isebenza kuphela kwi Mac, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, ezi obscenely imali eninzi.
2. imidlalo ezimbalwa. Nabadlala ngokubanzi akuyomfuneko ukuba zijonge ekuphuhlisweni MacOS, njengoko inani imidlalo, makayixhome ngokuzolileyo, kukho ukubandezeleka. Awunaku kwazi ukusebenzisa nayiphi na imveliso gaming mihla, njengokuba nje musa ukuzivumelanisa kwi Mac, ngenxa ukufihla yayo kunye nokusasazwa buthathaka.
3. ingxenye zoshishino buthathaka. Mac akuxhaphakanga kakhulu kwindawo yequmrhu, ingakumbi eRashiya, ngoko ke kuba nzima ukufumana i-software efanelekileyo. Imibutho kakhulu ukudala iimveliso for Windows.

Abanini abaninzi abathanda OS wabo Mac, badumisa kuba iseti elikhulu iinkqubo umsebenzi ohlawulayo. Akafani MacOS becala amarhamente of Windows ukulinganiselwa kwalo wentelekelelo kunye neendleko eziphezulu iikhompyutha Apple.

Le nkqubo ifanele bonke abo umsebenzi ezinxulumene ne ingqondo yemveli. iimvumi It, abalawuli kunye neentatheli.

Linux

Xa free Linux yokusebenza sisabelo zincinane imarike lekhompyutha. Yena ivale uluhlu igama lwe PC iinkqubo zokusebenza kunye nesabelo-1%. Ngaphandle koku, le nkqubo eliyinkokheli emarikeni iifowuni kwaye imfuno phezu abancedisi.

Uluhlu Linux operating systems:

• fedora;
• Ubuntu;
• Mint;
• OpenSUSE;
• gentoo;
• Arch;
• Slackware.

Iimfuno System Linux yokusebenza iindlela antsonkothileyo. izixhobo zobugcisa ezifunekayo ukuze usebenzise inkqubo yahluka kunene, kuba eqongeni ubhetyebhetye kwaye okubhankisha naziphi "umatshini".

Izinto eziluncedo ze-nkqubo:

1. Ukukwazi nokufikeleleka nangokwemali. Le nkqubo isebenza kuzo zonke, ngokoqobo. Lidla ngokusetyenziswa emantla, kumaziko emfundo. Ewe, kwaye kwiikhompyutha ekhaya Ziyanda, ngenxa ukufumaneka kwayo. Le nkqubo simahla, kwakunye uninzi izicelo kuyo.
2. inkxaso Community. Iindlela zokusebenza ngokusekelwe Linux na umthombo evulekileyo ababhekisi abasebenza kuzo ubunzima, leyo kunciphisa kwinqanaba ngezisongelo yintsholongwane, ukukhawulezisa ulungiso zonke iintlobo iimpazamo, kwaye nempembelelo entle ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo ngokubanzi.
3. Speed. Linux, mhlawumbi, inkqubo kakhulu ukungafuni. Kuxhomekeka "okusingqongileyo" (inkqubo interface) kunye nokusasazwa (inkqubo ngokwalo), kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuphumeza ukusebenza eliphezulu kakhulu kwi ababuthathaka "koomatshini."

Ezingeloncedo le nkqubo:

1. Ukungavumelani ne Windows. Phantse zonke izixhobo yi isifaniso kuphela Windows, ngaloo ophantsi kakhulu umgangatho. Kukwanjalo uya for imidlalo.
2. Imfuneko ukuphuhlisa terminal. kungenziwa lolawulo nenkqubo yomsebenzisi imbonakalo-mfanekiso, kodwa kungekudala kuza kubakho imfuneko yokusebenza kunye terminal (kuba sisixhobo solawulo inkqubo kwimo text), uze bafunde imigaqo nkqubo, iqela, neziseko iinkqubo.
3. Ukungavumelani kwezixhobo. Phambi kwendlu umshicileli omdala, kunokwenzeka ngu-100% ngokuqiniseka bathi Linux uya kuye ayiyixhasi.

Makabongwe inkqubo, kuphela ngabo wayeyoliswa kakhulu iikhompyutha kunye nobuchwepheshe bolwazi, abo bangathanda ukuba zivule kule nkqubo. Abasebenzisi rhoqo badla ukukhalaza kuba akukho nto kwinkqubo ukusebenza, ukuzonwabisa.

umphunga OS

Enye inkqubo freeware, nto leyo nto kodwa iqokobhe kunye Linux kwi Valve. Le mveliso ujoliswe nabadlala kunye neqonga gaming Steam.

Chrome OS

imveliso ngokwaneleyo evela Google, elinganiselwe kwizicelo Web kunye browser igama elifanayo kuphela. Le nkqubo ayikho konkuretosposobnoy kuthelekiswa ne Windows kunye Mac, kodwa wenziwa ngeliso ukuya kwixesha elizayo, xa lojongano web luzakubuyisela software "yokwenene". Isicwangciso sokungagqibeki kuzo zonke iikhompyutha Chromebook.

Ukufakelwa iinkqubo ezininzi kunye ukusetyenziswa koomatshini virtual

Ekubeni platform nganye ubuhle nobubi bayo, abantu basoloko imfuneko ukusebenza eziliqela. Developers ze computer ekwazi oko, ke ngoko, ukunika abasebenzisi ukukwazi ukufaka i drive iinkqubo nje ezimbini okanye ezintathu.

Kuyinto elula. Kufuneka benze isixokelelwano sabasasazi kuphela (idiskhi okanye USB flash drive ethwele izinto zabo nokunyuka) kunye isithuba simahla kwi-hard disk. Zonke iinkqubo zokusebenza mihla zifundisa ngexesha lofakelo ukwabela isithuba kwaye udale indlela yokuqala yokuba ibonisa uluhlu lwe kwindlela yokusebenza xa kweziqalo computer. Bonke eyenziwa kwimo semi-automatic, kunye namandla umntu.

On Apple iicomputers icebo eliluncedo ezikhethekileyo - BootCamp, leyo yenzelwe ukufakwa lula kwaye olungenazimfanta Windows ecaleni kwe MacOS.

Kukho enye indlela - ukuseta inkqubo virtual ngaphakathi yokwenene. Ukulungiselela le njongo le nkqubo: VMware kunye VirtualBox, nako kubadlali olupheleleyo ikhompyutha kwaye usebenzise indlela yokusebenza.

endaweni yesiphelo

Uluhlu kweenkqubo zokusebenza ayiphelelanga kwi computer ngasentla. Kukho inala iimveliso kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo, kodwa kakhulu ezithile kwaye akufanelanga ukuba aphathwe ingqalelo umsebenzisi avareji. Lo kukhetha ndikwenzileyo phakathi Windows, MacOS kunye Linux; ngoko ke zinokuyithintela inkoliso iimfuno kunye elula ngokwaneleyo ukuze bafunde.