Ukuxilongwa kombono. Izindlela zokuxilongwa kombono. Ukuxilongwa kwekhompyutheni yombono waseMoscow: iiklinikhi ezingcono

Umbono uthathwa njengenye yezona zinto zixabisekileyo kwizinto zobomi bomntu, kwaye bambalwa abantu abacinga ngayo, bephila kakuhle. Kodwa xa ujamelana nayo nayiphi na isifo seso, njengokuba unako ukubona ngokucacileyo, sele ufuna ukunika bonke ubuncwane. Kubalulekile ukuxilongwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo - unyango lombono luya kusebenza kuphela xa ukuxilongwa kuchanekile.

Kweli hlabathi lanamhlanje, kukho inamba enkulu yamasu ahlukeneyo avumela ukuchonga nayiphi na ingxaki ngamehlo kwimiqondiso yokuqala yesifo. Bonke babonelela ithuba lokuchonga uhlobo lobungozi, kunye neendlela zokunyango olongezelelweyo. Ezi zifundo ziqhutyelwa ngoncedo lwezixhobo ezizodwa kwiiklinikhi ze-ophthalmological.

Nangona inyaniso yokuba inkqubo yoviwo olupheleleyo i-ophthalmologist ithatha iyure kuphela, kungcono ukunika ixesha elingakumbi lokufumana uvavanyo olongezelelweyo. Ingxaki yonke ibangelwa kukuba ngexesha lophononongo amehlo afakwe kwisisombululo esikhethekileyo esenza ukuba umfundi aphucule. Oku kunceda ukubona ubuninzi be-lens ukuze kuqhutywe uviwo olungcono lwe- fundus. Imiphumo yale matonsi inokuhlala iiyure eziliqela, ngoko ngexesha elichaziweyo kubalulekile ukushiya nayiphi na imisebenzi.

Kutheni udibana ne-ophthalmologist?

Ebomini kwanoma yimuphi umntu, kunokufika ixesha apho kufuneka ufune uncedo kumgqirha weziliso. Isigqibo esinjalo sinqunywe ngamanani amaninzi ayenzeka ngexesha lokutyelela kwi-ophthalmologist.

1. Ukuxilongwa ngokucacileyo kombono.
2. Izixhobo zobungcali kunye neemveliso eziphezulu.
3. Ixabiso elivumelekileyo leenkonzo ezibonelelwe.
4. Ukuxilongwa nokukhetha unyango.
5. Ubukho beenkcukacha ezizodwa, ezigcina zonke iinkcukacha malunga naziphi na izigulane.
6. Indlela eyahlukeneyo kunye nokutyunjwa kweengxelo ezifunekayo.
7. Ukusebenza kunye nokuvuselelwa okulandelayo.
8. Ukubonisana neengcali ezinxulumene nazo.

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba umbono womntu ungadlulela ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ukuzifumana kunye nokuphelisa ziya kunceda kuphela uviwo lwangoku.

Ulwazi jikelele

Ukuxilongwa kombono kuyimfuneko ukuseka ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo okanye ukufumanisa iimbangela eziphazamisa umbono, kwaye ukhethe ikhosi efanelekileyo yonyango ngamnye kumntu ngamnye. Indlela edibeneyo kule ngxaki iza kunceda ekufumaneni imbangela yangempela yemboniselo embi, kuba izifo ezininzi zamehlo zinempawu ezifanayo.

Ukwenza oku, ukuxilongwa ngokubanzi kombono, ufunde uluhlu lwezalathisi ezahlukeneyo:

• Ukujonga ubuninzi obubonakalayo;
• Ukufumana ukuchithwa kweso;
• Ukuseka indawo yokujonga ;
• Isimo se-nertic optic;
• Isilinganiselo sobunzulu be-cornea yeso njalo njalo.

Kwakhona, uluhlu lweemviwo eziyinkimbinkimbi lubandakanya i-ultrasound yezakhiwo zangaphakathi zamehlo ukwenzela ukuba unobungozi.

Ukulungiselela ucwaningo

Ukugqitywa kwemiboniso yembono okanye ukuhlolwa kwecandelo kungenziwa kuphela emva kokulungiswa okufanelekileyo. Ukwenza oku, okokuqala kuyimfuneko ukuba udibane nodokotela oya kubona ukuba ingxaki ngombono uyisiganeko esivumelanayo nesinye isifo. Oku kusebenza kwi-diabetes mellitus okanye ubukho bentsholongwane engapheliyo emzimbeni. Xa kuhlanganiswa i-anamnesis, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela i-heredity yezigulane, ezinokuchaphazela imeko yakhe yempilo ngexesha elithile lobomi bakhe. Ngaphambi kohambo lokuya kwi-ophthalmologist, akukho mfuneko ekhethekileyo yokulungiselela, ngaphandle kokuba kulungele ukulala kakuhle, ukuze uguqule ngokwaneleyo iziphumo ezifunyenweyo kwiphononongo.

Izindlela zokuxilongwa kombono

Okwangoku, i-ophthalmology iye yafudukela phambili ekuqondeni kweso njengento ehlukile yendalo yonke. Siyabulela oku, kunokwenzeka ukuphilisa ezininzi iingxaki zeeyame ezahlukeneyo ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ngokukhawuleza, iindlela ezitsha ezisetyenziswayo. Bonke abakwaziyo ukubala, kodwa kungcono ukuba baqhelane nezona ziwayo zithandwa kakhulu.

Visometry

Ukuxilongwa kombono kuqala ngeendlela zemveli - ukuzimisela ubunzima kunye nokugxeka. Kule njongo iitheyibhile ezikhethekileyo ngeencwadi, imifanekiso okanye ezinye iimpawu zisetyenzisiweyo. Owona oqhelekileyo kulo mzekelo itafile yeGolovin-Sivtsev, nangona kwiminyaka yamuva, i-halogen projekthi yeempawu zize kuqala. Kwimeko yokugqibela, oogqirha banokujonga ubungqongqo bombono kunye nombala wombala. Ekuqaleni, uvavanyo luyenziwa ngaphandle kokulungiswa, kwaye kunye kunye ne-lens kunye nesakhelo esikhethekileyo. Esi sisisombululo sivumela ugqirha ukuba ahlolisise ingxaki ngokuchanekileyo ngokunokwenzeka kwaye ukhethe unyango olufanelekileyo lokupheliswa kwalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo emva kwalokhu, izigulane ziyakwazi ukubuya umbono we-100%.

Tonometry

Inkqubo eqhelekileyo ye-ophthalmologists, equka ukulinganisa ukunyanzeliswa kwe-intraocular. Ukuxilongwa kwembono kubaluleke kakhulu xa kukho i-glaucoma. Ngokwenza oko, isifundo esinjalo sinikezelwa ngoqhagamshelwano okanye imizila engathintana nayo. Kwimeko yokuqala, i- Maklakov okanye i-Goldman tonometer isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa iqondo lokuchithwa kwe-cornea yeso phantsi koxinzelelo. Ngendlela yokungahambelani nayo, i-pneumotonometer inquma ukunyanzeliswa kwe-intraocular nge-flow stream. Zombini iindlela zinegunya lokuba zikho kwaye zivumelekile ukuba zigwebe malunga nokubonakala kwenani lezifo zeso. Le nqubo ithathwa njengesiqinisekiso kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala, kuba kudala loo mngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-glaucoma ukwanda.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound kweso kunye nokuhamba

I-ultrasound yeso ithathwa njengeyona ndlela engacwangciswanga kunye neyona nkcazelo yocwaningo elinikezela ithuba lokujonga isithuba esingasemva kwesiso, i-vitreous kunye ne-orbit. Iindlela ezinjalo zenziwa kuphela kwisinconywa soogqirha kwaye uya kuthathwa njengesigunyaziso ngaphambi kokuba enze imisebenzi ethile okanye ukususa i-cataracts.

Ngeli xesha, i-ultrasound eqhelekileyo ithathelwe indawo yi-ultrasound biomicroscopy, eqhuba isigaba sangaphambili sehlo kwinqanaba elincinci. Ngokuncediswa kwenkqubo yokuxilongwa, umntu unokufumana ulwazi olunzulu malunga nesakhiwo senxalenye yangaphambili yelihlo.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokwenza le nkqubo, kuxhomekeke kwiyiphi ijwabu leso elivaliweyo okanye elivulekileyo. Kwimeko yokuqala, inzwa iyadlula kwi-eyeball, kwaye ukwenzela ukuba ugweme ukuvakalelwa okungahambi kakuhle, i-anesthetic engaphezulu. Xa ijwabu leso livaliwe, kufuneka usebenzise ilwelo elithile elikhethekileyo kulo, ekupheleni kwenkqubo kukhishwa nge-napkin rhoqo.

Ngexesha, le ndlela yokuhlola imeko yelihlo ayithathi ngaphezu kwekota yeyure. I-ultrasound yelihlo ayinakuphikisana nokutyunjwa, ngoko iyakwazi ukuqhutyelwa kubantwana, abafazi abakhulelweyo kunye nabantu abanezifo ezinzulu.

I-Computer Diagnostics yoMbono

Indlela eyaziwayo yokufunda izifo zamehlo zibhekwa njengenye yezona zichanekileyo. Ndiyabulela ngoncedo lwakhe, unokufumana nasiphi na isifo seso. Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezithile zonyango kwenza kube lula ukuvavanya imeko yazo zonke izakhiwo zeso sakhiwo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba le nqubo yenziwa ngaphandle kokuqhagamshelana ngqo nesigulane, ngoko ayibuhlungu ngokupheleleyo.

Ukuxilongwa kwekhomputha, kuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yesigulane, kunokuhlala kwiimitha ezingama-30 ukuya kwiyure. Kule nto, umntu ofake isicelo sophando olufundwayo kufuneka athathe isikhundla kufuphi nesixhobo esikhethekileyo esiya kulungisa umfanekiso obonakalayo. Ngokukhawuleza emva koko, i-autorefractometer izakukwazi ukulinganisa uluhlu olupheleleyo lwezalathisi, iziphumo ezingasetyenziselwa ukugweba imeko yamehlo.

Ukubonwa kwemiboniso yekhompyutheni kunokunyulwa ngu-ophthalmologist ukuvavanya isimo sengqondo somguli kwizifo okanye iinkqubo ze-pathogenic, ukuchonga isicwangciso sonyango esona siphumo esona siphumo, okanye siqinisekise isidingo sokuhlinzwa ngokulandelelana.

Ophthalmoscopy

Enye indlela yokuhlola iliso lomntu, apho imeko ebalulekileyo ifakwe kwisibilini se-vascular ye-organ ephawulwe, kunye ne-optic nererve kunye ne-retina. Ngethuba le nkqubo, i-ophthalmoscope ekhethekileyo isetyenziswe, eqondisa iliso ibhanti yokukhanya ngqo. Imeko ephambili yale ndlela yinto ebonakalayo yeso sifundo, esenza ukuba kube lula ukuhlolisisa iindawo ze-retina ezinzima ukufikelela kuzo. Ngombulelo oogqirha be-ophthalmoscopic, kunokwenzeka ukufumanisa i-retinal bundle kunye ne-pystrophy yayo ye-périphher, kunye ne-pathology ye-fundus, engabonakali ekliniki. Ukwandisa umfundi, kufuneka usebenzise umgama omfutshane oqhelekileyo.

Kakade ke, olu luhlu lweendlela ezikhoyo zokuxilonga iingxaki zamalungu ombono aluphelelanga. Kukho iinkqubo ezithile ezinokuthi ufumane kuphela izifo zeso. Kodwa apha ukuba akhethe nabani na kubo banokudlulela kuphela oogqirha, ngoko ke ekuqaleni kuyimfuneko yokwenza i-aphoyintimenti kunye ne-oculist.

Ukuxilongwa kweengxaki zamehlo kubantwana

Ngelishwa, izifo zamehlo zingenakwenzeka kuphela kubantu abadala - abantwana nabo bahlala bexhamla kwiingxaki ezifanayo. Oko kuqhuba uviwo olufanelekileyo loloyiko lobungqina bogqirha, udinga uncedisi. Ukuxilongwa kombono kubantwana kufana nokudala, kodwa kuphela intloko, iingalo nemilenze yomntwana kufuneka zizinze kwindawo enye ukufumana iziphumo ezichanekileyo.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iindlela zokuxilonga kule meko ziya kufana nale nentla ngasentla, ungadinga ukuphakama. I-Pyrometry abantwana abaneminyaka engama-3 ubudala bayadlula njengomdlalo omhle kunye nemifanekiso enemibala. Ukuba inxulumene nophando lwama-instrumental, kuyafaneleka ukuba usebenzise amaconsi anesthetic kwamehlo.

Ukuze uviwo olungcono lomntwana, kufuneka udibane ne-ophthalmologist yezilwanyana onokuqeqeshwa okhethekileyo.

Ndiya kuphi na ukuxilongwa?

Ukuba umbuzo wokwenza enye yeendlela zokuxilonga izifo zamehlo waba yinto ephambili, lixesha lokubuyela kwi-ophthalmologist. Kodwa yintoni na ukuba kwenziwe ukuxilongwa kombono, ngoko kukuchanekileyo, ukuchaneka kunye nokwenene, kwanika ithuba lokuqonda iingcinezelo zeengxaki zembono?

Kakade ke, iingcali ezinamava ngokuphathelele kulo mbandela zinkulu, apho kukho ezininzi iziko lonyango lwe-ophthalmolo ezinezixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezizixhobo. Kungenxa yoko i-oculists yesithili inikezelwe ukuxilongwa kombono eMoscow. Iiklinikhi ezingcono kakhulu zaseRashiya ezikuloo sixeko ziya kunceda ukusetyenziselwa ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye zichonge amaqhinga okunyango olulandelayo ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo ngokunokwenzeka. Ukuqwalasela ukuhlonishwa kwamaziko enzululwazi yonyango lwenkunzi kunye nenani labathengi abathandekayo kubo, kubalulekile ukugqamisa ezi zilandelayo.

1. I-Clinic Eye Clinic.
2. Isikhungo se-Ophthalmological Konovalov.
3. I-MNTK "I-Eye Microsurgery".
4. Iziko lezonyango "I-Excimer".
5. Iziko lezoNyango "lithe".

Konke okuseleyo kumntu onenkathazo yokubona, qha ga mshelana namanye amaziko achaziweyo uze ufumane uncedo oluyimfuneko.