Ukuphefumla - le yinkqubo yobomi

Ukuphefumla - yinkqubo entsonkothileyo multistage komzimba ncakasana sikuko ukufunxeka oksijini evela bume inxaxheba yayo elandela ngayo redox.

Noko ke, ukuba ikhona nje kuphela izilwanyana ephezulu, kodwa zonke izinto aerobic, kuquka kwiseli enye yaye ke ngoko sinokuthi ukuba le yeyona ndlela ingundoqo ukuvelisa iikhompawundi esinika amandla. Eqalisiweyo amandla inkqubo yokuphefumla usetyenzisiwe iimfuno ezininzi ngakumbi eziphilayo. Malunga ne-20% ye-oksijini wabadla ingqondo, ngokuba ukwenza pulses-high speed wachitha ixesha elininzi substrates. Umntu yokuphefumla kwenzeka ngezigaba ezibini ezinkulu: ukuphefumla zangaphandle (kule nqubo yokuchaza gas phakathi iindonga alveoli kunye emithanjeni pulmonary) kunye zangaphakathi - zothutho ngakumbi oxygen zonke iiseli zomzimba.

Ukuphefumla kwinqanaba yeselula

Noko ke, okokuqala ngenxa Amalungu nezihlunu, kodwa internal yeselula - le nkqubo kumanqanaba eziphilayo atomic ukuba ioksijini iyafuneka ukuze chain zothutho electron kunye kubulawe intlawulo elibi O2 namanzi kwaye enze khompawundi esinika amandla. Kwakhona, ngokuba ukuhamba rhoqo kwezi khemikhali zifuna iiproteni ezizodwa kunye Proton kubalizi. Uphefumla izinto eziphezulu kunye neenkqubo nokuphefumla umzimba, ilinganiswa micrometer, zahluke kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo ngayo iifayile 3 ulwalamano mpilo. aerobes engqingqwa oxygen molekyuli ifunyenwe ngqo: ukusetyenziswa oxygen ezinxulumene (carbon dioxide, sulphur oxide kunye al.), eziphilayo efanayo kubo obulalayo. uhlobo olungumxube ukuphefumla iintsholongwane facultative kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwazo zombini ioksijini ebotshiwe ezinto kuxhomekeka kwiimeko.

Ezisebenza internal human

Ngenxa yoko, internal zangaphandle - inkqubo oluqhutywa yi isakhiwo yomoya kunye nemisipha Isifuba kunye uvalo, apho uxinzelelo emiphungeni ngamathontsi, irhasi azamazama ngaphakathi. Umoya - inqubo apho emoyeni (ikakhulu carbon dioxide) inabela ngaphandle. Ngokwesiqhelo le sokuqukuqela serhasi ngokuma na laminar, ngamanye enxuseneyo iindonga bronchi kwaye xa kuthe imiqobo (obturation into amazwe, Ukhuliso yencindi) kubangela eddies anzima. Blood oksijini Ukwanda kwenzeka emiphungeni, nalapho mpilo ogqithiselwe emithanjeni esiya ezityeni ezinkulu ekugqibeleni engena intliziyo. Ukusuka apho iya kwi aorta kwaye engena kwegazi.

zokugula

Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukwahlula phakathi zokuphefumla umoya. Okwesibini - le yinkqubo yokunciphisa izihlunu intercostal kunye nesifuba enzulu ukutshintsha ubungakanani bayo, ukuhamba umoya uqhoqhoqho kunye bronchi ukuya alveoli. Ngenxa yoko, umoya - le nkqubo ayikho ngaphantsi esebenzayo, kodwa ke kutshintshiselwano igesi kwinqanaba alveolar-capillary. Wenza umoya ihlwempu babe nezifo izilonda zemiphunga phecana, isifuba deformation, isithintelo okanye isithintelo (emphysema, isifuba, iphika), scleroderma lwenkqubo. umoya Kuku pulmonary inokuba ngenxa iimeko lwezidumbu: usuleleko, isenzo amayeza kwamachiza, imeko overexcitation, amandla aphezulu omzimba.