Ukuphanga, inqaku le Code Criminal

Ephanga (nqaku liza kusetyenziselwa kwesi sifundo) yimfuno ye umntu okanye umbutho owenza izenzo ezithile ziphantsi kwesoyikiso koxinzelelo ebonakalayo phezu kwabo, ukungcwatywa asethi okanye ukusasazeka ulwazi bobuxoki, esinokubangela umonakalo, ngubani ukuba kuqhutywa nale mfuno. In abaninzi ithi lulwaphulo-mthetho, enxibe uhlobo lolwaphulo-mthetho, kodwa kwilizwe ngalinye onomlinganiselo yalo isenzo solwaphulo-mthetho kunye nokusungulwa kwayo isenzo yokuziphatha anti-zentlalo.

Ukuqwalasela lo mthetho Russian mthetho, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuphanga (kwiSiqendu 163 of Code Criminal) baya kohlwaywa xa elinganisela ukuba inkululeko yomntu ubuninzi iminyaka emine (kulo mzekelo angadliwa kwi isixa somvuzo ibanjwa) okanye umsebenzi qho enyanzelekileyo kwaye kwithuba leminyaka kane (ngexesha elifanayo inkululeko angavalwa iminyaka emibini), okanye ukubanjwa ukuya kwiinyanga ezintandathu.

Kwakhona, inqaku ukuphanga ibandakanya inkululeko iminyaka ukuya esixhenxe, ngexesha elifanayo xesha iya kuhlawuliswa iqondo umvuzo umntu uhlawula kule minyaka mithathu idlulileyo, ukuba isenzo solwaphulo senziwa liqela labantu iyelenqe phambi phakathi kwabo, ukuba oku ukusebenzisa ubundlobongela okanye senzeka ephanga ngomlinganiselo omkhulu.

Isohlwayo solwaphulo-mthetho entolongweni iminyaka ukuya ku elinesihlanu kunye isohlwayo ngeqondo somvuzo ibanjwa kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo usebenza kwimeko ukuphanga ukuze bafumane izixhobo eziphathekayo ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, okanye xa kwabona umonakalo engcwabeni kumntu, ilungelo kwimpilo akhubazeke .

Kwakhona kufuneka ucacise ukuba ukuphanga (kwiSiqendu 156 Code Criminal) Apho, umvuzo ngokungekho umntu ngabom kwiimeko kwigumbi phantsi, amabango ekwakufuneka kudlule umrhumo mthethweni ukwenzela ukuthintela emibi.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngenxa individualization ezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nasekuphangeni kufuneka anikele ingqalelo iinxalenye ezimbini: kwimfuno, nto leyo lukhatshwa izisongelo, kwakunye yokudluliselwa kweempahla nezinto ezibambekayo kunye nokunyanzeliswa amabango abantu abaphangi. Umzekelo, kwimeko nokufunyanwa kwempahla kwixesha elizayo, singatsho ukuba apha kukho ukuphanga (inqaku elibonelela ukuvalelwa ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka emine), kwaye ukuba ngokweemfuno zokusebenza kufuneka wenziwe ngokukhawuleza, kuyimfuneko ukuthetha malunga ngokuphanga okanye ukuphanga.

Ngoko akha indlela echanekileyo isigqibo nokuphamba. Kulapha ukuba kufuneka kukho imfuneko nokwenziwa kwayo ngoko nangoko xa kuthe kukho isoyikiso kwixesha elizayo, kunye umoni ixhoba athobele nayiphi na imiyalelo, okanye imfuneko phantsi isoyikiso, kwaye umyalelo zomsebenzi ebelizibekele zona kwixesha elizayo.

Ukushwankathela, kufuneka athi ukuba kukho inqaku (bayacudisa, isohlwayo kuyo) kwi-Criminal Code, ebonakalisa ngokupheleleyo umbuzo malunga ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nezohlwayo zinikwa yona. Kufuneka sihlale sikhumbula ukuba naluphi na ulwaphulo-mthetho asihlali Untouchable.