Ukuphakama "looMawokhulu" (imikrolo). History of the lesikhumbuzo

I Patriotic IMfazwe Enkulu, kuyabonakala ukuba, alisoze lilibaleke. Kakhulu nzima ukuba usinike uloyiso. Kwimizi ngemizi apho, okanye isikwere, okanye neepaki apho amaqhawe ayo efakiweyo ezikhumbuzo.

Umfazi ngekrele

Ngomhla odumileyo Mamayev Hill (Volgograd), yonke a lomculo. Sinikezelwa abo iphumelele kwemfazwe Stalingrad. iziko yeengcinga compositional yale izakhiwo ezinkulu - imikrolo, nto leyo eyaziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi. ibizwa ngokuba "Le looMawokhulu Ukubizwa!" Noko ke, asinguye wonke umntu uyazi ukuba akukho ngokwaso i ozimeleyo inxalenye triptych, kodwa engundoqo.

Isigaba sesibini complex - ekwakhiweni "ngasemva - buthelezi". Oku kwenziwa kwaye bumi Magnitogorsk. Oku kuboniswa ukusebenza ngezandla njengegorha ikrele. A yakha nje kule Urals. Kwaye igqibezela yonke lomculo naye ezaziwayo-kakuhle lesikhumbuzo - ". Gorha-umkhululi" Indawo - Berlin.

eliphezulu

Abaninzi abanomdla ukuphakama oqingqiweyo "Le looMawokhulu" kwi Volgograd. Impendulo: iimitha 85, kunye nokukhula ngabafazi - 52 m Structures Weight - 8000 tonnes .. ubude ikrele - 3300 cm kwaye inobunzima kungekho ngaphantsi kwe-14 000 kg.! Ezi "yokundwendwela 'parameters le mveliso eyodwa.

Ngomnyaka nokuzaliswa sculpture yaba ehlabathini inkulu. Wada bazisa Guinness Book of Records. Thelekisa: i Statue of Liberty yi-46 eemitha imi phezu koseko, kwaye ukukhula kaKristu (uMkhululi) - 38. kuphela Namhlanje, sicinga ubude i "looMawokhulu", iingcali wathatha indawo yakhe we-11 kuluhlu lwe ezinqabileyo aphezulu ehlabathini.

Yaba kudala

Ulwakhiwo sisikhumbuzo wanika kubaluleke kakhulu. sesikuthathela ingqalelo yonke. Kananjalo ukuba yintoni "looMawokhulu," ukuphakama mfanekiso. Akuphelelanga nayiphi na imali, okanye izinto zokwakha kakhulu mihla. Sasicela magcisa aphambili. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo apha evgeniy Vuchetich - Artist Abantu waseUSSR, ijoni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Uye sele wenza lesikhumbuzo ebalulekileyo amasoldati Soviet Army (kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo), apho ezihonjiswe Berlin kaThixo Treptow Park. Kwakhona, umsebenzi wakhe - "amakrele zibe Amakhuba". Sculpture Uyabahombisa naphambi kwesakhiwo UN eNew York.

Iqela engineering Chief ezichongwe UNikolai Nikitin - UProfesa umyili kunye nogqirha of Sciences zobugcisa. Kule 50 walungiselela ukwakhiwa Moscow State University. Kwixesha elizayo, kuya ibize ukusebenza kwi Ostankino Tower umabonwakude. Ngoku ke izibalo ezifunekayo zintsonkothe ekhethekileyo. Kuba ngeli ukuphakama yesikhumbuzo superlarge. "LooMawokhulu" Volgograd kufuneka nasiphako.

Kuba ingcebiso kwindawo yomkhosi lwembono wathabatha Vasily Chuikov - Marshal. On nomphambili wayo, uWele "Umyaleli-isiphango". Yaba nguye owayalela 62 th Army, Nezingathanga mabanikezele utshaba Mamaev Kurgan. Ngexesha ukukhusela Stalingrad, Chuikov weza amaqela ezikhethekileyo ukuhlasela. Ke ngequbuliso iyangena endlwini, edlula nge i komhlaba. AmaJamani ayikwazanga sithethe apho yawa igalelo.

Emva kwemfazwe, Marshal Ikhutshelwa umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala lesikhumbuzo: bavunyelwe (ngokwesicelo sakhe) ukuba kungcwatywa Mamayev Hill, ecaleni amajoni 34505 owasifelayo sokulwela Stalingrad. Ngowe-1982, waza wangcwatywa uninzi umphathi wabo kufutshane "looMawokhulu".

iqela yezakhiwo nobunjineli wadala ngemfano umfazi (ukuphakama oqingqiweyo "Le looMawokhulu", njengoko natshoyo, - 85 meters), nto leyo eyenza ukuba, inyathelo eNamandla sisingxami phambili. Usesandleni sakhe - ikrele ephakanyiswa nxamnye bahlaseli. Kuyinto nje lo: lizwe ubiza abantu ukuba kulwa notshaba.

prototype eqingqiweyo

Kwaye ngubani, ndikhe ndizibuze, ngoko lathatha nomkroli? Angenele - Valentin Izotov - afumaneka ngengozi. Ngoku umhlala-phantsi, umhlali Volgograd. Yaye xa wayeneminyaka engama-26 ubudala. Wayesebenza wobuweyitara kwindawo yokutyela. Apho wabona nomncedisi Vucetic kwakhona nomkroli L. Maystrenko. Wasithanda ubuso engqongqo kakhulu, inani kwezemidlalo Izotova, bembonakalo yayo unenjongo. Candidacy evunyiweyo.

Emsebenzini kwi Valentina kwathatha iminyaka emibini. Yiba ukuba kunjalo, inkqubo yokuyila - into enzima. yintoni ubude elingu le sculpture ingakumbi ingqalelo. "LooMawokhulu" kwi Volgograd yaye eneneni ndizuze udumo. Ukusuka yonke eze kubona yena, ukuba ahlawule irhafu ukuya abavikeli eli lizwe. Ebusuku lesikhumbuzo (ukuphakama "looMawokhulu" Iyamangalisa) uwa ukukhanya zokukhanyisa enamandla, kwaye uluvo uya usomelela.

okunika umdla. Xa ukhulelwe ukuba bayile indwe kunye ingubo iingalo (Volgograd Region), siye sagqiba ukuze basekele ngal. Ezinye izimvo mna na. Kwaye phezu waseJamani Democratic Republic zokuposa nestampu ezikhutshiweyo ngo-1983, lo mfanekiso.

umsebenzi onzima

Xa sisiya kule ndawo, uqonde intsingiselo epheleleyo amadabi. kweenyanga ngaphezu ezine (okanye ngaphezulu kanye, iintsuku 140) baba liliphalaza igazi elimsulwa, iimfazwe ezininzi eziqatha kwingongoma enye kuphela - ukuphakama kwenani 102. Kwaye yonke into eli lizwe isekhona yingozi. Nangona sele kudlule iminyaka engaphezu kwama-70 ukususela kukho kuqhume ngakumbi volleys, kunye nabantu phezu kwentaba namhlanje kwaye ufumane oonokrwece ezingazange zisenokuqhushumba. Kungenxa yoko le nto kummandla bakhetha ziyaqhubeka ubuqhawe zabantu.

Ukwakha lesikhumbuzo okungaqhelekanga (ubude "looMawokhulu" likhulu kakhulu) yaqala ngo-1959, entwasahlobo. Ukugqitywa ekwindla ka-1967. Oko kukuthi elingaphezu kweminyaka esibhozo umsebenzi kwenzekayo. Okokuqala - kungekabekwa isiseko eziphathekayo. Misela isiseko top-ibhokisi. Abakhi kulindeleke ukuba ukunyanzelisa useko ngamatye. Kodwa ke ebonisa unobhala jikelele Khrushchev, wathulula phezu 150 kweetoni eziliwaka emhlabeni ngenjongo yokuba nkqu kuqinisekise phambili isiseko. Ngoko ke, phezulu ndulana engenisiwe namhlanje.

Phantsi Umfanekiso (ukuphakama "looMawokhulu" iyamangalisa) eshinyene (a sisiqingatha semitha) ipleyiti kwaye isiseko kweemitha ezili-16.

layout kwanciphisa

Xa inani Bathi yomfazi, wena azilahlele kanye apha phezu kwentaba. Kodwa ngenye indlela, ukuba ubude oqingqiweyo "Le looMawokhulu" kwi Volgograd inkulu kakhulu! Kodwa ezincinane (kanye ezilishumi amaxesha) ubeko wayemi kufutshane. Ngokucotha, akukhangela istensile, wathulula ezintlu ukuze, wenze. Kwaye zaqokelelwa "umfazi." Imishini umthwalo kufika apha imini nobusuku. Yonke into kwenziwa ngendlela elungileyo kakhulu. Eziphathekayo, umzekelo, wathabatha ncam njengoko sele yabelwe iVolga kagesi. Kwaye fillers kuwo, kakhulu, wakhethwa ngenyameko kakhulu.

Kodwa apha yonke nani ukulungele. Emva koko wathabatha intloko yakhe. Noko ke, nalo ekutyhidweni ngokwahlukileyo. Kwaye iphakanyiswe yi ntaka. Kungenjalo, kwaba nzima ukuyenza. Ukuphakama "looMawokhulu" akuvumelekanga.

Abaninzi kwafuneka asebenze ngekrele. Okokuqala wazenza insimbi, alekwe iziqwenga eyomeleleyo (ezenziwe titanium). Noko ke, umoya kuyo yanyikima lwaqhaqhazela kakhulu. Yiyo loo nto ngowe-1972 isuswe imbeke Wababekela omnye isakhiwo sentsimbi.

nokubuyiselwa

imisebenzi ukulungiswa okwenziwa ngo-1972 yaye ngo-1986. Kwiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo, sasi- ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwayo. Ngapha koko, ukuphakama litye lesikhumbuzo "Le looMawokhulu" Volgograd bancinane bathi enesidima. Yinto enkulu! Kodwa izinto ziyatshintsha xesha, ukwaluphala buthathaka. Kwaye oku nangona Ebubanzini ngeendonga zekonkrithi kweli litye lesikhumbuzo -. 25-30 cm Ngaphakathi, ukuba kwenziwe ngeeseli ezinkulu ngamnye. Isakhelo ikuyo nzima, kodwa agcine 119 kweentambo zombane metal ixesha elide. Kwaye bafumana rhoqo ukungaqondani enamandla.

ikrele ezikhulu naye nje ubukhulu emangalisayo omkhulu le bekwazi komoya. Kwaye apho, apho saqhotyoshelwa ngesandla lo mama, kwavela pereizbytochnoe ombane. Uyilo ikrele eli gqitha ngenxa kwexesha. Ngoko ke yintoni na esebenzileyo nokuba le ngxaki.

slide phantsi

Ukususela ukuphakama "looMawokhulu" mkhulu, yaye kufuneka bana kumhlaba udongwe, leyo ukutyibilika chu ngcembe phantsi iVolga, iingcaphephe ndamgocagoca alarm. Ngapha koko, lo mfanekiso ukuba lungasebenzi. Waba sele basuswa 214 mm. Yaye phantse 80 epesenti izibalo avumelekile lokuqala. Kodwa iingcali zithi amandla ezicwangcisiweyo alikhange siphelisiwe.

Wamitha ke le projekthi ukuba ukwala 272 mm. Nomzantsi walo zikhubazekile kancinci. Nje into norms wathabatha mm 90 kuphela. Emva kwenye ekubuyiselweni ilitye ukuze ihlale ixesha elide.