Leeholide zikazwelonke Bashkir: imbali, inkcazelo kunye namasiko

Abantu bamandulo zamaTurkic, Bashkirs, bakwazi ukuba imbali yayo elide, hlalani izithethe ezininzi, ulwimi, izithethe. Bashkirskie iiholide i umxube entsonkothileyo Yobuhedeni kunye nemvelaphi Muslim. Ngomhla nenkcubeko yabantu abachaphazelekayo, kwaye iminyaka yoBukhosi baseRashiya kunye elidlulileyo Soviet. Thina ukuchaza izithethe eziphambili lokucheba i Bashkirs kunye neempawu zazo.

Imbali yabantu Bashkir

imithombo emininzi yamandulo ukhankanye abantu abahlala Urals esemazantsi, iye ukuzala iinkomo ngocoselelo kuzilinda emdeni wabo. Ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba lo nguye Bashkirs. imithombo ezibhaliweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba sele kwinkulungwane 9 kumathambeka ye phambene Mountains kufuphi iVolga, Kama, Tobol wahlala abantu abazimeleyo. Bashkirs bathetha ulwimi lwabo, baqubuda amandla endalo kunye oothixo abaninzi abazange abahlaseli ndlongondlongo, kodwa vika ngengcwangu ilizwe labo. Kwinkulungwane-9 kwaqalisa Islamization chu ebantwini, kodwa izithethe omdala lobuhedeni kakuhle zayinxalenye unqulo olutsha.

unyango ohlangeneyo abantu Islam Kwathi, yaba indawo ethambileyo iinkolelo nezithethe imithetho emitsha ekhoyo. Kwinkulungwane 9 le Bashkirs bafudukela eHungary, yaye ekugqibeleni yaba yinxalenye yohlanga isiHungary. Bashkirs phambene ngenkulungwane ye-13, isenzo sokumelana i Mongol ukuhlaselwa waza wafumana ilungelo lokuzimela. Emva kokuba ngokuwa Golden mkhosi mkhulu kunene, le Bashkirs aba yinxalenye khanates eziliqela, yaye ukususela phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-16 baqalisa zokubandakanywa ngcembe kwi yoBukhosi baseRashiya.

Bashkirs Okokuqala ngasentshonalanga nomntla-ntshona baba ngabalawulwa le tsar Russian, yaye kamva lonke uhlanga wafumana ngabemi Russian, kodwa walondoloza ilungelo indlela yabo yokuphila, ulwimi, ukholo. Kodwa ke ubomi ngakumbi ebantwini engonwabanga ngokupheleleyo. abathengisi abaninzi Russian bazama bazihluthe ibango lazo Bashkirs amalungelo abo, yabangela ukumelana unobungcwangu. Nxi elandelayo olu hlanga iye yanxulunyaniswa Russia.

Amasiko nezithethe

Imbali elide kwaye inzima na oyile inkcubeko eyodwa Bashkir. Aba bantu ekuqaleni wakhokela ubomi semi-ephila, yaye oko kwabuchaphazela imikhwa bakhe bemihla ngemihla. Islam ubukhulu becala ezimilise imigaqo esisiseko yokuziphatha. Bashkirs zisoloko ulwalamano engundoqo usapho, ukuba siphahlwe inani elikhulu lwemithetho kunye nezithethe. Isizukulwana ngaphezulu lingqongwe lilungelo elikhulu, kwaye lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi zonke iintlobo. Umfanekiso yobomi babantu abachatshazelwa yi ukuyilwa inkcubeko.

Bashkirs, ngubani likhona elide njengokuba inkcubeko ongabhalwanga, walondoloza amaqhawe esisityebi kunene kunye nezintsonkothileyo, nto leyo ithetha inkangeleko kwabantu kunye njengamaqhawe abo. amasiko Bashkir neeholide wendele kubume bayo abaci kuphela amasiko Muslim, kodwa ke lamaqaba lakudala, totem umelo. Bashkirs - kakhulu, abathanda uxolo abantu, kwaba kwesiphumo kwavumela elide abantu kunye nabamelwane ezahlukeneyo, i AmaTatar, Russian, Bulgars, Mongols, Kazakhs, nabo bonke kwafuneka ukuba ilungise neentlobano. Ngoko ke Bashkirs basakholelwa ukuba simele sibe nako ukugcina uxolo nabo bonke abantu ukuba bakwazi ukuthethana nabo. Kulo mzekelo, abantu baye bagcina ubuqu kunye ngokuziqhenya, ukuthobela nayiphi na ingcinezelo evela ngaphandle.

LeeHolide amasiko ngemihla

Bashkirs kukho umahluko ocacileyo phakathi iiholide kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla. Ukuba yonke imihla ukuba baphile ubomi obulula kakhulu, ukuba umxholo kunye nokutya elula nezinto, iiholide ezibhiyozelwa ngokubanzi, kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo izithethe. Bashkirs ezigcinwe Ubhala eneenkcukacha ibali zonke ngezihlandlo ezibalulekileyo: awabazalwayo, nemitshato, imingcwabo, isiqalo nesiphelo konyaka lezolimo.

Kukho imeko yinqobo iiholide e Bashkir, egciniweyo inkcazelo ecacileyo ukulandelelana izenzo zonke izihlandlo. Icebo ngokuqhelekileyo nemidaniso kunye iingoma, imibhiyozo iqhotyoshelweyo. Nkqu izinxibo Bashkir bayizalisa okuzekeliswayo enzulu semantics. ixesha elide Soviet kukhokelele kwinto yokuba isithethe waqalisa ukuya uphume ukusetyenziswa. Kodwa namhlanje kukho ukuvuseleleka nezithethe zomthonyama, kwaye kwiRiphabliki enengxolo kwaye ngokufanelekileyo kwaqatshelwa zonke mibhiyozo lokomfuziselo, kwaye zininzi.

Eid al-Fitr

Njengoninzi i Bashkir imithendeleko iintsomi, Eid al-Fitr weza Islam. Le yenye kwimisitho ibalulekileyo kulo nyaka, ngalo mini kukho kwathi qhiphu ukuzila elide. E Bashkortostan, lo msitho ibhiyozelwa ngokubanzi. Kusasa bonke abantu hamba uye mosque, ngoko ke izindlu zizele ngee tafile abatyebileyo ukutya ngokuqinisekileyo sinikwa abasweleyo, amahlwempu kwakhona kufuneka anike imali kubo into ekudumiseni Allah. Le holide edibene uncedo kubadala nabasweleyo, kunye nemisebenzi elungileyo. Bashkirs ngaloo mini ngokuqinisekileyo ukhonza inyama yenkomo namahashe, benxibe iimpahla festive, amaqashiso zomdaniso. Ngale mini, akukho indawo lithemba.

Eid al-Adha

Lo mbhiyozo Muslim kunye Bashkir ibhiyozelwa ngoSeptemba, yaye elidityaniswe ngambingelelo kunye oluya eMecca. Nguye indawo eliphezulu kwendlela eya kweyona ndawo ingcwele. Kusasa kuzo zonke zamaSilamsi ka Bashkortostan unqulo festive nedini okhethekileyo lokuhlambulula. Ke ekhaya yonke ubeke phezu kwetafile, qiniseka ukuba zinikelwe phezu umntu odinga mini. Ngokufuthi intloko-ntsapho uthenga isidumbu isilwanyana loshishino: impahla emfutshane, inkomo, ihashe, kunye razdelyvaya inxalenye, ndisinikela kumahlwempu. Emva koko, lo Bashkirs zithunyelwa kumakhaya zomnye, apho itafile festive badumise uYehova.

Kargat

Phantse zonke iinkcubeko kukho iholide, ephawula Ekupheleni kobusika. Kargath - Bashkir umkhosi ukuya ukufika ehlasela. kwaye kuthiwa iguqulelwe kwi Bashkir namhla - ". Grachinoye lomtshato" Ngale mini yinto emnandi. Abantu banxibe izinxibo, yiya ukuba wonke kunye ukucula kunye umdaniso. Bashkirs ngokwemveli Zazihonjiswe emithini ngemini amaribhili, isilivere, amaso, okanye ngezikafu. Kwakhona qiniseka ukuba kube nokulungiswa yaye kwandiswa lonke kukutya kweentaka. Bashkirs ngemini wayebuza uhlobo wesisa, isivuno esihle. Umcimbi kule mini ibandakanya kungekuphela zemidaniso kunye iingoma, kodwa ibandakanya amakhuphiswano ezahlukeneyo zabantu ngamandla ngokukhawuleza. iholide Ukugqitywa isidlo oluchumileyo yokutya zendawo.

Sabantuy

iiholide abaninzi Bashkir ngenxa kuxhotyiwe ngamaxesha zolimo okanye iholide Sabantuy zokulima - omnye wabo. Yena ibhekisa kugqitywe imisebenzi yasentwasahlobo entsimini. Abantu sithandazela isivuno esihle kwaye uzame ukungxengxeza oothixo. Imikhosi agcinwe kwiindawo ezinkulu apho abuthe bonke abantu kuloo dolophana. It isigqibo ukuza kule ntsapho holide. Fun iquka iingoma zemveli, bengqungqa kunye nemibhiyozo. Kwakhona kule mini, oko wagqiba ekubeni afune ekulweni ohlekisayo, ukubaleka ezingxoweni kunye nezinye iintlobo iziganeko. Umvuzo ngokwayo clever kwaye womelele - izimvu ubomi. Ngale mini, qiniseka ukuba ndincume kwaye Baqhula kakhulu, le Bashkirs, kukho iingoma ezizodwa abuyisele inceba woothixo.

Yyyyn

Ukuba iiholide ezininzi abantu Bashkir wavela phantsi kwempembelelo kwezinye iinkcubeko, i Yyyyn - yinto yokuqala, iholide wamandulo kakhulu aba bantu. Uthi umhla we ngenjikalanga zasehlotyeni. Iholide nesuka kwiNdibano the People, nto leyo wathetha yonke imiba ebalulekileyo ekuhlaleni. Inxaxheba kuphela amadoda, kamva, eli siko liye buthathaka. Kuba mbhiyozo bujikelezwe zebala kwisangqa, apho bakwazi ukuhlala phantsi onke amadoda elihlonelwayo lali. Namhlanje, le holide uyekile ukuba uhlobo yebhunga wesizwe, kodwa nokuphalazeka kwelifu, apho ekhiwe ngabafana angqina ukubaluleka kwawo nje amalungu inokusityeda, abanobuchule kunye namandla oluntu. Kubo, baba ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo. Amaninzi ngexesha izigqibo Yyyyna malunga nemitshato elizayo.

leeholide zikawonke

Ngaphandle ukuba lizwe bagxumeka leeholide zikazwelonke Bashkir, ngexesha ubukho ngaphakathi kwinkcubeko Russian wabonakala esikweni ukuba babhiyozele kunye neeholide yesizwe. Benze ngendlela eqhelekileyo udlula yokubhiyozela New Year (January 1), uSuku Wayekhusela iLizwe loobawo, Matshi 8, uSuku Victory, Imini Unity National. Umahluko ephambili ilele kwi menu holide. Bashkirs babekuthanda kakhulu kwase lwabo wesizwe kwaye oko kwimibhiyozo enjalo wempangelo, yoluntu ubeke phezu kwetafile esityeni zabo abazithandayo kazwelonke: Kazi (sausage), Gubad, baursak, inyama belish.

iiholide zezenkolo

Bashkirs - amaSilamsi, ngoko ke kuphawula iziganeko ezibalulekileyo kule nkolo. Umzekelo, e Bashkortostan senditshilo Eid kunye Eid al-Adha, kwakunye Mawlid, Safari, imini Arafat kunye nabanye. iiholide Bashkir ziyafana kakhulu kwezehlo ezifanayo e Tatarstan, baye iinkcubeko efana kakhulu ziye izithethe zonqulo. Umahluko ingaphezulu nje iingoma, izinxibo, imidaniso, ukuba Bashkirs walondoloza uphawu lwesizwe.

iiholide zokuphuma nosapho

Ekubeni intsapho - esihle kwaye okubaluleke kakhulu, oko kukuthi, lo Bashkirs, kukho ezininzi i izithethe ezimbaxa kunye unique yokubhiyoza siganeko lokuzalwa. Bashkir Family iiholide zinembali ende kunye namasiko ezimiselwe ngenyameko. Nkqu abahlala isixeko mihla ngemini yomtshato okanye ngokuzalwa ukubuya komntwana ukuya iingcambu zawo nezithethe yayiphindwa eminyaka imbali. Imitshato, imihla yokuzalwa, imingcwabo zisoloko ziphawulwe bonke bavela, oko kukuthi, ngokuya izizukulwana 3-4 entsapho. iholide nganye ezinxulumene nazo izipho, ephatha, bongani oothixo. Kuba nganye kwezi ziganeko, kukho izinxibo ezikhethekileyo, iingoma ezininzi ezizodwa kunye nolandelelwano engqongqo yezenzo.