Ukugxila kunye nocwangciso-mali. iindlela zocwangciso Finance. Ukucwangcisa Finance ukuba lweshishini

yocwangciso zemali - buyinto umdla. Kukholelwa ukuba inxaxheba yayo nangokusesikweni onxulumene ngesisombululo iingxaki zoshishino, ukusuka kwindawo yorhwebo. Kodwa oku akusoloko kunjalo. ucwangciso Financial linokusebenzisa kakuhle abemi abaqhelekileyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Yintoni bokuqonda yocwangciso-mali sifanele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo? Yintoni imingeni kwisakhelo imisebenzi efanelekileyo ukuze nazo ngoku?

Yintoni isicwangciso-mali?

yocwangciso zemali - yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yolawulo na ishishini yorhwebo. Business kangcono iqulunqwe ngokuhambelana algorithm echazwe kakuhle ngokusekelwe imodeli, kukusebenza elandelwayo exhomekeke zinto ukuba enokuxelwa neziselubala kulawulo yenkampani. Planning Finance ikuvumela ukuba angqamane ithuba yokulungiselela ezo imisebenzi baye bazitshisa abanini lweshishini. Le nkqubo kwakhona ivumela inkampani yolawulo kukufumanisa owona mthombo kwezibonelelo zemali eziyimfuneko kunye nemiboniso eyiyo ukuzibandakanya kwabo.

ucwangciso ngezimali lizimisele ukwenza lula ulawulo lweshishini ekumiselweni olinganise ezifanelekileyo phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo kwezibonelelo ukuba unalo uqinile. Oku kuba, enyanisweni, imali, nee-asethi esisiseko imveliso. Enterprises abazibandakanya kucwangciso-mali, ubalisa nezalathi zentsebenzo eziphambili ezahlukeneyo (ezifana, ngokomzekelo, umgangatho iindleko, imithamo kwempahla, utyalo-capital) kunye neenjongo zoshishino yangoku. Oku kukuvumela ukuba kwakhiwe esizinzileyo ishishini, ngokusekelwe kwindlela ethile enengqondo.

Ixabiso yocwangciso kunye nolwemozulu

Xa ezoqoqosho, eli binzana lichazwa kufutshane kakhulu phambi kwethu, ezizezi - "okubonisa". Yintoni Okukodwa wayo? Njani le ukugxila nokucwangcisa zemali? Malunga yeekota ezimbini ezibalwe sinako ukubona inani lemisebenzi esemqoka efanayo, ezizezi isidima into nokusingqongileyo kwazo kwezoqoqosho, ukubandakanyeka iindlela ezifanayo okanye twatse ukuxazulula iingxaki, iinjongo ukufumaneka, ngamazinga nezinto eziphambili ngokubaluleka kuphuhliso loshishino.

Noko ke, ukugxila kunye ucwangciso lwemali lineqela umahluko omkhulu. Njengoko ukuya kwikota yokuqala, oko akuthethi ukubambelela ngokungqongqo imithetho kutyhilwa. Zisoloko probabilistic ngokwendalo ngaphantsi eneenkcukacha kunaleyo eboniswe nesicwangciso sezimali. Ipredikshini - oku amathuba sifundo kuba lweshishini, izicwangciso - nophuhliso algorithms, ukuphunyezwa kwe apho kukho imfuneko yoko ngenxa nemingeni ekhoyo ejongene nolawulo yinkampani.

Unako kwakhona uqaphele ukuba inxaxheba kwizicwangciso kunokuquka izibophelelo ezithile nkampani ukuba abadlali yangaphandle - abatyali okanye nabalawuli. Ngaloo ndlela, ucwangciso lwemali uluntu kakhulu unxulunyaniswa kunye neenkqubo engqongqo ingxelo amaqumrhu ukuba bayafikelela abo okanye ezinye izibonelelo zemali (amaninzi, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali) ukuze imizimba abanobuchule. Ipredikshini ke, asikwazi kuba sisiseko ukulawula engqinelana ekubeni isebenzisa, njengoko sibonile ngentla apha, imiqathango probabilistic, nto practice zinokwahluka kakhulu kwezo ezichazwe phantsi ehambelanayo uhlalutyo lokuqala.

Kwicandelo nolwemozulu yorhwebo kusoloko kubonakala kungekho ibaluleke kangako yesicwangciso-qhinga soshishino. Umzekelo, ucwangciso lwemali nezentengiselwano - njengentlangano, kakhulu ixhomekeke imiqulu lungeniselo - ubukhulu becala ibotshelelwe nje nezibonisi phambili-walikhangela imfuno evela abathengi yempahla. Yintoni na le ingavezwa? Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuba ulawulo siqinise xa unokufuna ukuba izakhiwo ayamileyo kakuhle ilingane amanani yokusebenza kulindeleke ukuba ichazwe ngokusekelwe kuqikelelo.

imisebenzi ephambili yocwangciso-mali

Planning Finance ibandakanya ukuyilwa imisebenzi ethile yolawulo yenkampani. Phakathi kwabo:

- Detection loovimba ezinokuthi ukuba iinkampani ukunyusa ingeniso;

- ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa ngokuyimpumelelo kwazo eyinkunzi;

yokuqingqwa unxulumano ngokupheleleyo neefomula iindleko kunye nesicwangciso nemveliso;

- ukuqinisekisa intsebenziswano eyakhayo phakathi kwamaziko iqabane amashishini kunye - iibhanki, abaniki nkonzo, abaxhasi kwi inkalo lonxibelelwano zemali.

Xa inkqubo yokusombulula ingxaki ekuthethwa, ubunkokeli yombutho uphumeza umsebenzi kule nkalo iphambili ilandelayo: intshukumo of capital, ezomthetho mali, kunye nomsebenzi accounting (accounting, ingxelo - lwangaphakathi okanye ngaphambi nabalawuli zikarhulumente).

Ezi njongo ziphambili yocwangciso-mali. Ngoku makhe sihlolisise imigaqo engundoqo nga oko kuba sisiseko imisebenzi ezifanelekileyo lweshishini.

kwemimiselo yocwangciso Key

Funda siseko engundoqo apho uNondyebo inakho isicwangciso kwi kwishishini. Abaphandi ukwahlula olu luhlu lulandelayo:

- inkcazo ephambili;

- ukubandakanyeka iindlela ukugxila;

- Uhlalutyo lomngcipheko ;

- nolungelelaniso kunye nolawulo.

Cinga indalo yazo ngaphezulu.

Ngokuphathelele lo mgaqo, njengoko ulwabiwo eziphambili, iinkampani kwiimeko ezininzi senze into yokuba imveliso kunye neminye imisebenzi enxulumene nophuhliso loshishino, zuza ezintsonkothileyo. Ukuze uzisombulule bonke, kuyimfuneko rhoqo ukutyala imithombo emikhulu, kuquka ngesisombululo yemisebenzi indawo yophuhliso ishishini lwembono, ngokucacileyo aphakamileyo. ulawulo nkampani kufuneka ke ngoko abe nako ukwabela imiyalelo engundoqo lwemisebenzi (kwaye bagxile emasimini abo izibonelelo eziyimfuneko).

Omnye umgaqo obalulekileyo, nto leyo enokuthi ngokusekelwe kucwangciso lwezimali lwamashishini - uqikelelo. Kokuba iphunyezwe ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Oku kunokuba kwingqikelelo lweenkqubo zemveliso lwangaphakathi, nemiphumela yeemeko zangaphandle - zombini lwemarike kunye nezolawulo. Indlela ephambili apha - uhlalutyo iinkqubo ezinxulumene kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo.

Uhlalutyo lomngcipheko - omnye umzekelo ngokubaluleka umgaqo inkqubo yokusombulula iingxaki, ukwakha isicwangciso semali. Into yokuba phantse yonke ishishini iphunyezwa kwindawo ebonakala izisongelo ezithile ezinokwenzeka. Kusenokuba, umzekelo, nokunyuka kwemali okanye umgaqo engazinzanga nabalawuli karhulumente. iingozi nkqubo amazwe nazo - ingakumbi lubonakala ukwayo Western nxamnye amashishini Russian.

Unxibelelaniso nolawulo - imizekelo neminye imigaqo ebalulekileyo yocwangciso-mali. Yintoni wena ngabo? Unxibelelaniso - igama kakhulu entsonkothileyo. It kungaba kuqondwe, kwelinye icala njengoko kunxulumano kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kwishishini ibe ingqiqo olunye, kwelinye - ukusetyenziswa eziqhelekileyo kuzo zonke iinkalo yolawulo lwemveliso, ukuqaliswa kwe-siseko jikelele ukugcina inkcubeko yequmrhu, ukwanda kolwazi phakathi kwabasebenzi, igalelo ukuqondwa eziphambili ezingundoqo yenkampani. Control - iinkqubo ukuqinisekisa ukuba kuhanjwa abasebenzi ubuchule lweshishini, leyo ibandakanywa kwizicwangciso ezichaphazelekayo.

iindlela zocwangciso

Sifunda ntoni zeziphi na iindlela yocwangciso-mali. Kukho iindlela ezininzi ukuhlelwa kwazo. Xa imo ye noosomashishini Russian wayengomnye kakhulu ngokubanzi ukuba isekelwe ukwahlulwa kwemisebenzi ngokwemiqathango ulwalathiso lwabo; ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu (ukusuka iiyunithi ilawulwe manual), ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi, kwakunye ngokusebenzisa counter-amalinge, abasebenzi yenkampani kunye nolawulo. Siza kufunda ezi iindlela ucwangciso lwemali ngakumbi.

Ngokuphathelele kucwangciso lwemeko-bume "bottom-up" scheme, izicwangciso ezifanelekileyo zenza iingcali abanobuchule kwezakhiwo ayamileyo, ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zohlalutyo oluneenkcukacha neenkqubo zemveliso.

Abaxhamla kule ndlela kukuba isakhiwo ubuchule uphuhliso lwamashishini echaphazelekayo iya kuba eneenkcukacha kakhulu, kuquka bokuqonda incinane, uninzi lwazo ukuze emva koko ibe ingundoqo ekugqibeni zokusombulula iingxaki zemveliso.

Indlela yesibini ifuna ukuba ulawulo inkampani eyenza imisebenzi ngokubanzi, ingqiqo, yaye adlulisele kuye ukuba kukho izakhiwo phantsi iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe kunye structuring ngokwemigaqo uhlobo olufanelekileyo lophuhliso-mali. Abaxhamla kule ndlela kukuba isicwangciso uya ekuqaleni kuqwalasela imiba qhinga ezingundoqo, ezifana isikhundla leemeko yenkampani (kule meko yokuqala iingcali ze iyantlukwano zendawo kunokuba kakhulu eqhelekileyo okanye ingcamango ephosakeleyo kuyo), ingakumbi intsebenziswano kunye nabo abatyalayo kunye nabatyali (ngokufanayo, abasebenzi izakhiwo ophantsi ukuba bazazi bokuqonda echaphazelekayo).

Iskim wesithathu luphawulwa ukubandakanyeka ngaxeshanye imigaqo ephambili ezimbini zokuqala. Ngoko ke, libonisa ukuba izinto eziphambili zombini - isicwangciso-qhinga, ezemali, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimeko akhawunti eyaziwa kuphela kulawulo, ngokunjalo iinkcukacha neenkqubo zoshishino.

Oko kusengaphazamisana inkampani ukusebenza kuhlala phantsi scheme wesithathu, ekubeni wanempumelelo engaka? Oku kubangelwa, umzekelo, ukungqinelana ubungqongqo amahlebo orhwebo kwi kwishishini. Ngoko ke, ulawulo yenkampani ayisoloko banethuba ukuba imfutshane bonke abaqeshwa data phantsi enxulumene umthwalo ngetyala wenkampani, okanye ingcaciso ebonisa intsebenziswano kweenkampani ukutyala. Kulo mzekelo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ubizwe elishicilelwe "ezantsi ukuya phezulu" ngohlobo yayo enyulu.

Izixhobo zocwangciso

Ngoko ke, siye wajonga iindlela ezingundoqo ngalo kunokuba ucwangciso ezemali. Uqoqosho Market - simanga ecebisa ulwalamano ukhuphiswano phakathi abadlali icandelo loshishino ethile. Pole isikhundla, ungathanda kakhulu kuba kwezo iinkampani eziza kukwazi ukusebenzisa izixhobo sisebenzayo kwinkalo izisombululo kwiingxaki ezinxulumene wocwangciso lwezemali. Ngokufunda oko zixhobo ukusebenzisa ishishini phantsi kwemiqathango yaloo kwicala phantsi imisebenzi ingqalelo.

analysis of

Phakathi ziqhelekileyo kwaye okubaluleke - Uhlalutyo lwezoqoqosho. Esi sixhobo eyenza ukuba inkampani ukuchonga iipateni okuluphawu iinkqubo zokuvelisa, kwakunye neendawo yentsebenziswano inkampani kunye abadlali yangaphandle - abakhi, amatyala, abathengi. Uhlalutyo lwezoqoqosho sityhila ukuba yintoni le nkampani koovimba ukuze wonke umntu abe ngokwaneleyo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba isixhobo efanelekileyo kuthathwa yi abaphandi abaninzi nje indlela yocwangciso zezimali elizimeleyo ngenxa yokuntsonkotha yayo, ubukho kukho inani elikhulu inamacandelo ezongezelelweyo.

Ukwabiwa

Esinye isixhobo eqhelekileyo, ngayo lungayilwa kwinkqubo lezemali lweshishini - Ukwabiwa. Okukodwa lwayo kukuba iingcali abanobuchule abasebenza kule nkampani, ukubala ezinye ezicwangcisiweyo, ukusebenza kulindeleke, esisusela kwimilinganiselo yomgangatho data ekhoyo (malunga, umzekelo, ukukhutshwa iimpahla okanye ubonelelo ngeenkonzo). Imithombo imithetho echaphazelekayo isenokuba kumaziko (oko kukuthi, ukuze zinokubandakanya enye okanye omnye umthombo komthetho - ezifana umthetho federal) kunye naphakathi.

noun

Elandelayo ebaluleke Isixhobo socwangciso - isebenze. Inyaniso kukuba ngenxa yokuba uhlalutyo loqoqosho kunye ummiselo zingaphuhliswa iingqiqo ezininzi ebandakanya distribution ezemali izilinganiso kwishishini. Kwezi, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukhethe lowo ibonisa imeko kwi nkampani ngakumbi nangengqwalasela enkulu, ngoko kuqwalaselwa kangangoko. Isibaluli apha - ngoku ekuphumezeni ngexabiso ubuncinane kunye yenzuzo kunye nokubandakanyeka iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Loo sicwangciso, nto leyo eya kusengaphambili kakhulu ebanzi line-up ezi eziphambili ziya kukhethwa engcono.

Ezi zizixhobo eziphambili ngalo apho ucwangciso mali ekuLunyukisiweyo ngazo zinakho ukuqhutywa. Finance - uvimba ukuba Ingabizwa correlative lombutho iintlobo ngeentlobo zemisebenzi. Ngaloo ndlela, ithemba ukusetyenziswa eyinkunzi kunokuxhomekeka phezu izicwangciso iintlobo ezithile of the inxaxheba kwishishini.

iintlobo ucwangciso

Funda ziziphi iintlobo yocwangciso-mali. Kukho iindlela ezininzi ukuhlelwa kwazo. Xa abaphandi Russian medium wasasaza icebo apho ucwangciso kunye nolawulo lwemali ikhutshwa phandle, ngokusekelwe ulwahlulohlulo ehambelana nemisebenzi bakuthathe, kunye yangoku. Cinga iinkcukacha zabo ezithile.

izicwangciso zexesha elide ibandakanya eziphambili zenkampani yemveliso oluphambili ngobuchule, nekufuneka luphunyezwe kwixesha ebalulekileyo ixesha, umzekelo, iminyaka 3-5. Kule nkalo izicwangciso zophuhliso, njengokuba umthetho, kuliwa phezu i "top-phantsi", oko kukuthi, ubuchule esihambelanayo ziquka iinkcukacha ezibonakalisa hayi kuphela nkcukacha lwangaphakathi uphuhliso yenkampani, kodwa impembelelo imiba asakhulayo kwi-bume lwangaphandle.

izicwangciso zangoku kubandakanya uphuhliso kweekhrayitheriya ngayo le nkampani kufuneka ube kwithuba elifutshane ixesha kunokuba ekulungiseleleni izicwangciso zexesha elide - malunga 1 ngonyaka. Le ndlela uquka ukusebenza iziphaluka elingumxube kukuvelisa ehambelanayo yingqokelela ubuchule. Oko kukuthi, ulawulo le nkampani leyo, kwelinye icala, ubonelela izakhiwo owayamileyo ezinye iintlobo ulwazi ngobuchule ebalulekileyo enxulumene nophuhliso yenkampani, kwelinye - ukhwela inxalenye yabo iinkcukacha izigaba ukuphunyezwa kwesicwangciso.

kucwangciso lwemisebenzi eza kufuna ngesisombululo iingxaki ezijongene yinkampani ngexesha elithile, okanye ekufuneka zijongwe kwiinyanga ezizayo. Amaninzi, ukwenza izicwangciso na kwi "bottom-up". ngokuqhelekileyo Management akwenzi ngqiqo kule meko ukuba bazise abasebenzi kuphuhliso loshishino qhinga kujonge izinto.

Yena uceba nje kuphela ishishini

Ukuhlela, njengoko kuchaziwe ekuqaleni kwenqaku - njengesakhi esibalulekileyo bomsebenzi kunye nemali nje kuphela kwezoshishino. imisebenzi efanelekileyo nayo inxaxheba kunye norhulumente arhente, kunye nemibutho engenzi nzuzo. Ucwangciso Finance Family eRashiya - ngokulandelelana yezinto. Ukufumana iindlela ukuthandwa ukuphucula intlalo-ntle yomntu abemi ngokusebenzisa iintlobo izixhobo eziluncedo kunye nezixhobo esele zenziwe, ezifana neenkqubo zekhompyutha. Planning - uhlobo lomsebenzi, nto inxulumene kubomi bemihla ngemihla womntu mihla.

Ngaba sinokuthi iindlela zoqhagamshelwano ngasentla kunye nezixhobo ze-izicwangciso zemali ehambelanayo ngokulinganayo nasiphi na isigaba umsebenzi abemi, nokuba ukuzoba up intsapho okanye imali yakho? Kuhlenga ubukho iinkqubo ezithile zoshishino, ezifana nezo enxulumene nemveliso kwempahla okanye iinkonzo kwengxelo imisebenzi zemali xa iyonke, iiphatheni ezingundoqo kwisigaba ashishinayo kusebenza kumsebenzi civil jikelele. Man ukuze kulunge, umzekelo, ukwenza isicwangciso solawulo lwemali lobuqu kule inkalo yexesha leqhinga, izisombululo zangoku kunye nemisebenzi zokusebenza. Oku kunokubandakanya uhlalutyo, emgangathweni kahle.

Kakade ke, ukuba imisebenzi efanelekileyo inxaxheba ummi ongenayo inqanaba ngokwaneleyo qualification, le misebenzi iya kuba kakhulu lula. Kodwa baya kuba ngokupheleleyo ahambelane ezichaphazela siye saxubusha ngasentla bokuqonda yocwangciso-mali. Budget Personal, ngoko, ungenza endibuthethileyo iimpawu ukufana kunye nesicwangciso ahambelana yokuthethathethana eyinkunzi kwishishini, nangona ifomu lula.