Ukugqitywa kweebhonki yekhonkrithi: iintlobo kunye neempawu

Kunzima ukucinga namhlanje ukwakhiwa kwamanje, apho i-boram enekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo ayisebenzisi. Izinto ezinjalo zibaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezakhiwo kunye nokugqithiswa. Imigudu eqinisekisiwe iphinda isetyenziswe kwilungiselelo leendlela zokuhamba ngeenqwelo-moya, iindlela zokufikelela kwesikhashana, kunye nokwakhiwa kwamabhuloho. Izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwazo zizinzileyo kwaye ziyaxhatshazelwa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zempembelelo, ukwenzela ukuba ukugqithiswa okunjalo kubambelele kakhulu. Kwaye inkqubo yokufakela kwayo iyakhawuleza.

Ukuqulunqwa kwemigangatho yekhonkrithi: ukuveliswa

Iiplanga zekhonkrithi ezenziwe zikhethiweyo (GOST 20372-90, 24893.2-81, 24893.1-81) zenziwa kuphela kwiifekthi, kwaye i-monolithic ziveliswa ngokuthulula isisombululo sekrkrithi kwizakhiwo eziqulunqwe kwangaphambili, iintonga ezongezwayo usebenzisa i-jacks. Iimpawu zitywinwe ngeteknoloji yokugulisa. Isisombululo esibumbeni siqina malunga neeyure eziyi-12, emva koko umveliso uthathwa kwi-open air ukudibanisa iipropati zayo.

Xa ukwenza oko, enye iparameter ebalulekileyo kufuneka ibonwe: umxube wekhonkrithi kufuneka uhanjiswe ngokulinganayo njengoko kunokwenzeka kulo lonke indawo. Ukwenza le mveliso, uphawu lwekhonkrit 200 nangaphezulu lusetyenziswa. Iqonga lekhonkrithi eligqityiweyo liqinela umthwalo wokuyila ngaphezu kweekhilogram ezingama-450 / amandla kumitha nganye yesikwere.

Iintlobo zezakhiwo zefowuni

Zonke iimveliso zanamhlanje zihlukaniswe ngamaqela amathathu, kuxhomekeka kwindlela yokuvelisa:

1. Ezikhethiweyo - zenziwe kwipropati;
2. I-Monolithic - ithululelwe kwisiza sokwakha;
3. I-prefabricated-monolithic.

Uhlobo oludumileyo lwemizila luyakhiwo yendibano, eyenziwa ngamabakala aphezulu asekhonkrithi. Yomelele ngokwaneleyo, ineempawu eziphezulu zobugcisa, ikulungele ukufakela ngokukhawuleza.

Iiplanga zetekitrafti eqinisiweyo i-GOST 28737-90: uhlobo lokwakha

Kwindawo yokwakha, kukho ukwahlukana kweentlobo zeemitha ngokuphathelele uhlobo lokwakha:

• I-Gable iqhelekileyo kwaye ilandelwe, ikhonjiswe yi-BSD;
• Iiplanga zekhonkrithi eziqhenqileyo ezingabodwa zibizwa ngokuba ngu-BSR;
• Emva koko kunye namabhande afanayo - iBSP nabanye.

Imigangatho yesiseko

Ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso yabo ekhethekileyo yekhonkrithi, ebonakaliswa yimpawu eziphezulu zobuchwephesha, okanye kunamandla, ukuthembeka. I-boram enekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizakhiwo ezinkulu zorhwebo. Efanelekileyo kwimimandla apho kudla khona ukuthuthumela nokunyuka kwamanzi. Olu hlobo lweemitha luyilungiselelwe imithwalo enkulu kakhulu. Ukufakela kwabo kunika ubungqina bokungena kwamanzi aphezulu, ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo ukudibanisa ne-slabs kunye nomhlaba. Ngamanye amaxesha basebenzisa ukunyuka kwewindow kunye neminyango.

I-Rafting iqinisa iintsimbi zekhonkrithi

Eli qela lidibanisa iintlobo ezininzi zeemigangatho zekhonkrithi eziqinisiweyo:

• Isigaba esisodwa;
• Gable.

Ngokutsho koqwalaselo lwebhanti eliphezulu, zinokuba ziphulwe okanye ziphihliwe. Olu hlobo lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimisebenzi yokupakisha, ngokukodwa, isetyenziselwa ukwakha iziseko ezithembekileyo nezomeleleyo, ezinokumelana nemithwalo ephakamileyo. Umzekelo, amagumbi anezixhobo zokusebenza. Ingaba ngamashishini afanelekileyo kwezoshishino, iimpahla ezinkulu, izakhiwo zezolimo, ezibandakanya ukulayishwa / ukulayisha izinto ezinzima, kunye nezinye iintlobo zemisebenzi efanayo. Izibhengezo zemigangatho yekhonkrithi zomeleleyo zixhotyiswe ngokuzibophelela komzila ozodwa, ezisetyenziselwa ukulungisa izixhobo.

Iimitha ezijikelezayo

I-BP - uhlobo lwesithintelo esisetyenziswa rhoqo ekwakhiweni. Izona zizithandwa kakhulu ezi ziimodeli ezizodwa, ezixhotyiswe ngeshelufu ephezulu okanye ngezantsi. Into ebalulekileyo yokwakhiwa kwecandelo elinjenge-T lifana nje nensika. Izilwanyana ezinokwakheka ezikhonjiweyo (ubukhulu bungama-24 m) ziqokelelwa ukusuka kwiindawo, ubude obungafaneleki ngaphezu kweemitha ezili-12. Ukwakhiwa, lo hlobo lubhekwa njengoluqilileyo kwaye lunamandla kakhulu. Kwakhona kukho i-LB enecandelo elinjenge-L, zenzelwe ukuxhasa ii-facades.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqwalasele ukuba ukwakhiwa khonkrithi ngenye yezo shishino ezithembisayo, eziye zacima ngaphandle ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinokuthi zenziwe ngobunzima bokhuni kunye ne-archaic. Ngenxa yenani elifanelekileyo leendleko kunye nezinga lekhwalithi, ibhondi ekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo ingabizwa ngokufanelekileyo into efanelekileyo yoshishino lwanamhlanje.