Ukufakela kwamanzi okugqithisileyo kwintsimbi kunye nezihlangu

Iyintoni intsingiselo yokuphala kwamanzi? Usebenza njani lo mmangaliso? Ziziphi iintlobo zokungeniswa, ziziphi izixhobo? Makhe sihlolisise ngokubanzi ngale mibuzo.

Ukunyanzeliswa kwamanzi, ukunyusa kwabo

Ukufakela kwamanzi okugqithisileyo kwintsimbi? Isenzo saso sisekelwe ekugqibeleni imicu yezinto eziphathekayo ngolu hlobo lwefilimu ye-hydrophobic engenakunceda amanzi, kodwa ivumela umoya. Izinto "ezihlambulukileyo zamanzi" aziyi kuguqula amanzi, kodwa ziyakwazi ukutsala iamolekyu zamanzi zibe zibuthathaka ngaphezu kokuqhelekileyo. Ngokwesiko, zonke iimpazamo ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuba yi-water-repellent.

Ukutyalwa kwamanzi okugwenxa kwiingubo okanye iimfatho kuyimimulsi okanye isisombululo. Yintoni eyenzekayo kwizinto eziphathekayo emva kokunyangwa ngezisombululo ezinjalo? Ekuqaleni, umphezulu wendwangu (okanye ezinye izinto) ixutywe ngokufakela kwamanzi, ngoko-solvent ngokwayo iyaphuma, ishiya kuphela umgca ococekileyo wendalo ephihlileyo yamanzi, iimoleksi ezingapheliyo. Kule meko, iimbumba zenziwe, ezithatha amanzi amancinci, oko kukuthi, ukuyikhupha, phezu kombane iqokelelwa njengamaconsi ahlukeneyo ahla. Okwangoku, iindidi ezininzi zokunikwa kwamanzi ezihlambulukileyo zithengiswa, isiseko sinokuba ngamanzi okanye i-carbon solvents.

Ukusetyenziswa kokungeniswa kwakhiwo

Ngokuqhelekileyo ekwakhiweni kokungenwa kwamanzi ukukhonkxa kwamanzi, ukhuni, izitena. Ikuvumela ukukhusela izinto ezivela kuyo yonke imiphumo emibi yomswakama. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-seams, ezingaphathwa ngamagunya aphilileyo amanzi, vumela umswakama ngaphakathi kubo, ukushisa, ngokuchaseneyo, kuphuma. Ngenxa yolu hlobo, iifomiti zetyuwa zenziwa. Ukuthintela le nkqubo engathandekiyo kuya kunceda ukuchithwa okhethekileyo kwamanzi okwekhonkrithi.

Indlela yokuphepha iingxaki xa wakha izindonga zezitena

Izitena zingumgubo, isitya se-sement-isanti sisetyenziselwa ukubeka. "Utyinzelelo lwezendalo" lubangela ukubonakala kumabonakude aphezulu (ukwakheka kweetyuti). Ukuze ugweme le nto ibangel 'umdla, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa iindlela ezizodwa. Ukutyalwa kwamanzi okuzityelela izitena kuya kuthintela ilahleko ezikhoyo kunye nokuphelisa iingxaki ezininzi. Nazi ezinye ezimbalwa zazo:

• Ukukhutshwa kwodonga lwezitena ngexesha leqhwa.
• Ukulahlekelwa kobushushu, iindleko zokushushumbisa ngokweqile.
• Ukuqhaqha kwamacandelo okugubungela kwixesha lekwindla, utshintsho lobuncwane ebusika kwikhekhe leqhwa.
• Ukuqulunqwa kweetyuwa (i-otters).
• Zonke ezi ngasentla zikhokelela ekugqibeleni ukutshabalalisa i-masonry.

Ukukhusela iindonga zitena, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zamanzi ezikhuselekileyo ezikhuselekileyo, zonke zikunceda ukuxazulula iingxaki ze-esthétique kuphela, kodwa nokukhusela ukutshatyalaliswa kobutyebi.

Iintlobo eziphambili zokungeniswa kwezitena

Zonke izifakelo zokukhusela, ezingena kwi-10 mm eyi-10, zenzela uhla lwamanzi olukhuselekileyo, lubonelele ngokukhawuleza.

• I-Acrylic-silicone okanye i-acrylic impregnation.
• Ubuncwane obuncibiliko lwamanzi-silicone.
• Ukwabiwa kwe-Lac - akugcini nje kuphela ukukhusela, kodwa kwakhona kunika isicwecwe esicacileyo.
• Utywala lwamanzi ahlambulukileyo eneendawo ezikhuselekileyo zokukhusela.

Ukufakela kwamanzi okugqithisileyo kwintsimbi kunye nezihlangu

Imozulu isoloko iyalula imithetho yethu. Ngaphandle kwentsuku yokushisa ilanga, kudla ngokuyimfuneko ukunyanzelisa amaninzi amakhulu, imilambo egijima ezitalatweni zesixeko. Yintoni esinokuyithetha ngayo, ukulibala i-ambulera, siwela phantsi kwezulu, izambatho zangaphandle zihlambuluke, ziyakwazi ukungaxhamli, ukuba ukuhlambulula amanzi okungazange kusetyenziswe ngexesha lokukhusela. Ukuze ugweme iimeko ezintle, kuyimfuneko nje ukuba usebenzise imilinganiselo yokukhusela yangoku. Namhlanje ziveliswa ngendlela yee-aerosol ezahlukahlukeneyo: ezizodwa okanye ezizodwa. Iimveliso ezinjalo zikhusela ngokupheleleyo iimveliso ezivela kwikhephu, ityuwa, umswakama, ngelixa lingaphula isakhiwo sezinto eziphathekayo, kugcinwa ukunyaniseka kwendwangu kunye nokuphelelwa komoya. Ukungenwa kwamanzi ezinqabileyo ezingenakugqithiswa kwezicathulo kukuvumela ukuba kusetyenziswe nayiphi na imibala enemibala efuna ukukhuselwa emanzini.

Ukungqiniswa kwamanzi okuphela kwamanzi

Inkcazo: Imveliso isetyenziselwa ukunyanzelwa kwamanzi iimpahla, izicathulo, naziphi na iimveliso ezenziwe ngendwangu (iibrale, iintente), kunye ne-nubuck, i-suede, isikhumba esikhwele. Isekelwe kuma-resin e-fluorocarbon, ekhusela iimveliso eziyi-100% kwi-dirt, uthuli, umswakama kunye neetyu. Ngelo xesha, ukunyuka kwamanzi kunye nokuqina kwezinto eziphathekayo kugcinwa. Ukufakela okunjalo kudlalwa kusetyenziswa ukujongana nezixhobo zemidlalo kunye nezokhenketho.

Indlela yesicelo: ibhaluni kunye nokufakela imfutho kufuneka ifuthe. Gcina i-sprayer, kwindawo ebonakalayo. Imveliso isetyenziselwa kwindawo ecocekileyo, ichanekile kwaye imisiwe, ukusuka kumgama we-25 cm. Unyango kufuneka lwenziwe rhoqo.

Ukubaluleka okukhethekileyo

Ukongezelela kwi-universal, kukho ukuchithwa okukhethiweyo kwamanzi okwenziwe. Uwuphi umehluko phakathi kwabo? Kubaluleke kakhulu ukungadibanisi le mali, imiphumo ayinakulinganiswa. Ngoko, ukufakwa okukhethekileyo kwesikhumba epholileyo kungasetyenziselwa ukusingatha iimveliso ezenziwe kwi-suede, nubuck. I-fat kunye ne-wax ingabamba i-villi kwaye ihlasele loo nto. Kodwa ekhanda elijongene naloo malungu afanayo anenzuzo, ekukhuseleni ekukhuseleni umphezulu kumanzi.

Indlela yokukhetha ikhambi elihle?

Ndiyintoni na indlela yokukhetha engayifuni? Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka igxile kwifom yokukhululwa. Abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ukungeniswa kwamanzi ezinkcenkceshe ezisetyenziseni kwindlela esetyenziswa ngayo ngokufanelekileyo, kuba iqulethe inani elincinci lamafutha anika ukukhuselwa kumswakama. Oku kunako ukugcoba i-fat, impawu okanye i- mink oil. Ezi zinto zingasetyenziselwa ukungeniswa kwamanzi aerosol, kodwa ingcinezelo yazo incinci kakhulu.

Ukuba ufuna ukungeniswa kwe-suede yamanzi ephihliweyo, ngoko kuyafaneleka ukuthobela ingqalelo kwiindlela zendalo. Nangona kunjalo, akuyiyo yonke into enobunzima. Ngamanye amaxesha, esikhundleni se-fluorocarbon resins, abakhiqizi basebenzise i-silicone esincinci, kulo mzekelo, ukungeniswa kwempahla kunokuba nefuthe elichaseneyo, oko kukuthi, kubangela ifilimu engabonakali yamanzi, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo ukuvimbela ukuphefumula kwezicathulo. Iimbumba ze-fluorocarbon resin zisasazeka phakathi kwamafayili, umswakama uhlala phezu komhlaba ngendlela yamaconsi amancinci.

Ngaphambi kokuba uthenge ukungeniswa, funda isakhiwo ngokucophelela. Amagama ahlanjululweyo (amacandelo ahlaziyekileyo amanzi, i-emulsion ekhuselekileyo yamanzi) kufuneka abe yinto emangalisayo. Abavelisi abanomdla babhala ukulungeleka kwileyibhile, kubandakanywa i-resorocarbon resins okanye amafutha.

Ukusetyenziswa kokungeniswa kwimidlalo

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba izicubu eziphathekayo zigcina izakhiwo zayo ze-hydrophobic ezingekho ngaphezu konyaka. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo (iphosti engenamanzi) kwikhephe lezemidlalo kufuneka lizalise ngokupheleleyo injongo yalo, oko kukuthi, ukukhusela i-kayak ekutheni amanzi athile. Ukuthungula i-apron yokukhusela ayikho nzima, kunzima kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo, ukukhusela kumanzi. Zininzi iindlela zokupheka ukulungiselela ukungena kwamanzi kunye nezandla zakho. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izixhobo ezinjengeemigodi zokwenziwa, ama-wax, ama-wax, amafutha, i-polystyrene, i-polyisobutylene zisetyenziswa. Ngezansi iresiphi, eyasetyenziselwa ukwenza u-1958. Izifundo zibonise ukuba ngexesha lehlobo, iiprons eziphathwayo zigcinwe ngamanzi.

Ngoko, izixhobo ezisetyenziswayo zi:

• Isisombululo separafini kwi-turpentine sisithuba se-15-20% -100-200 h.
• Isisombululo se-polystyrene kwi-toluene 12% - 100 h.
• Isisombululo se-polyisobutylene yesisombululo esiphantsi kwe-molecule kwi-toluene 4% - 400 h.
• I-Solvents (i-turpentine kunye ne-toluene) - yongezwa xa kuyimfuneko ukufumana ukulungelelaniswa okufunwayo.

Isalathisi sihlanganiswe nesisombululo esifanayo, esomileyo kwiimeko zemvelo. Ukuba kwezinye iindawo intsimbi iqala ukugeleza amanzi, ukufunyanwa kufuneka kuphindiwe.

Amanqaku ngokubanzi malunga nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi ahlukeneyo

Zininzi iintlobo zezixhobo ezikhuselekileyo zithengiswa. Ingaba ngumngcipheko wamanzi ongenakunqandwa ngamagxa, kwintsimbi, kwiingubo, ngeenqanawa, kwintsimbi, kwizinto zokwakha. Ukukhethwa ngokufanelekileyo kuxhomekeke kwinto echaphazelekayo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo izicathulo ezintsha, izixhobo, iimpahla sele zidlulile ukuqhutyelwa kwe-DWR, kodwa abavelisi batusa ukuba basebenzise iimveliso zamanzi ezilahla ngaphambi kokusebenza.

Naluphi na ukungeniswa okufakwe kwizinto ezicocekileyo. Ngeendlela zokwenza isicelo, zahlula ngamaqela amabini.

Iyokuqala isingeniso, esongezwa emanzini. Le nto ibhaptizwe kwisisombululo kwaye ihlanjwe kuyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izicathulo azenziwanga ngale ndlela. Ezi mveliso zifakwe kwiibhotile eziqhelekileyo ezineebhondi. Iingenelelo zale ndawo yokucubungula izinto zigqityiwe ngokupheleleyo. Inkqubo yohlamba, ukuhlanjululwa nokucwina inokudibaniswa. Ngokukhawuleza emva kokuhlamba nokuhlanjululwa, le nto ifanele iphathwe ngokuqulunqa, kwaye yomiswa.

Ukufakela okwesibini, kufakwa kwisetrafa okanye isiponji. I-hydrocarbon solvents zivame ukupakishwa kwiiphakheji ze-aerosol, ukufakelwa kwamanzi-kwiibhotile nge-spray mechanism. Ezi zixhobo zisetyenziswe ngokulula - zisebenza kwiindawo ezicocekileyo. I-hydrocarbon solvents isetyenziselwa kwiindawo eziphuculweyo okanye emoyeni omtsha, ukufakwa kwamanzi kusetyenziswe kakuhle kwiindawo ezinomdaka.

Zingaphi iimeko ezifunekayo zokusetyenziswa kwamanzi ezinqabileyo zimele zisetyenziswe kangakanani? Njengokuba kuyimfuneko. Ukuba izicathulo okanye izambatho zidlulisa amanzi kwiindawo, i-aerosol okanye i-spray ingasetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwezihloko. Ukuba inxalenye enkulu ilahlekelwe iipropati zayo ezihlazileyo zamanzi, kungcono ukusebenzisa ukuhlanjululwa kokucwiliswa ngokupheleleyo.