Uhlolo lobugcisa izakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo

Ukuhlolwa izakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo yinkqubo zokutshekisha yoyilo imeko kanye zobugcisa kunye nokulondolozwa kwezakhiwo zokusebenza. Uvavanyo lwenziwa ukuze esweni umgangatho ukufumana imfuno ukulungiswa okanye ukwakhiwa.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi uviwo kunye nokuhlolwa

Musa ukubhidanisa uhlolo lobugcisa izakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo kunye nokhuseleko nobuchule mveliso lwezakhiwo. Last ibanjelwe kumaziko enxulumene imveliso eyingozi kwaye kufuneka zibhaliswe ku Rostekhnadzor. Ukuphumeza oko kuphela umbutho ezizodwa kunye mvume efanelekileyo ukuqhuba le misebenzi, ekhutshwe Rostekhnadzor, yaye ngokuhambelana kunye namaxwebhu athile yenkqubo. Ezi ikakhulu ziquka umthetho Federal "Xa ukhuseleko kwimizi kweendawo imveliso eyingozi". Uhlelo olutsha imithetho yoviwo weza ukusebenza ngoJanuwari 1, 2014. Iziphumo ngobuchwepheshe kufuneka zibhaliswe ku Rostehnadzor. Abaliliso kwindlela ifuna ukwenza uviwo zobugcisa izibonelelo mveliso rhoqo kwiminyaka emi 5.

Ukuhlolwa izakhiwo uphicotho oluzimeleyo izakhiwo karhulumente iinkqubo zobunjineli, eyenziwa ngokuzithandela. Enyanisweni, yinto ukuqokelelwa kwenkcazelo malunga nesimo lobugcisa izakhiwo ngalo mzuzu ukufumanisa imfuneko ukusisevisa, kungenzeka ngokutsha okanye ukuqikelela ixabiso lemalike lepropati.

Xa kuyimfuneko ukuba enze uhlolo kwezakhiwo

Imfuneko isaveyi na kwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Ukufunyanwa kwe kwisakhiwo xa ipropati kufuna utyalo-mali enkulu. Uphando lokuqala isakhiwo uzakufumana injongo ukuqonda imeko yayo zobugcisa nokukhusela nxamnye inkcitho ezongezelelweyo ixesha kunye nemali kwixesha elizayo.

Kuyenzeka ukuba ukugqiba isidanga imandundu ebonakalayo lwesakhiwo okanye macandelo ngamnye, kwaye ungabeka ixabiso kanye le nto.

Uviwo engagqitywanga okanye nabachatshazelwe yi umlilo into

Xa uthenga into engagqitywanga ukwakhiwa kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuqhuba isaveyi ngokucokisekileyo kwesakhiwo ukufumanisa ikamva yomsebenzi ngaphambili. Emva uphicotho akucacanga ukuba ngaba isakhiwo efuna ukulungiswa yaye wakwenza njani oko, xa ngokutsha, okanye lula yaye kuxabise lako phantsi nokwakha imfuneko omtsha.

Ihlola ubume ulwakhiwo luya kuvumela ukuba bahlole ngokwaneleyo ithuba kunye nemfuneko hlengiso okanye ukulungiswa. Umzekelo, umkhwa eliqhelekileyo yokuthenga indlu emva komlilo kwezinye iimeko zifuna uphando imeko isakhiwo ukufumanisa ixabiso eyaneleyo kunye nokwenzeka umsebenzi wokwakha.

uhlolo lobugcisa izakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo ziya kunceda xa kusenziwa isicwangciso kuvuselelwa endlwaneni okanye ezonakeleyo yi into ngomlilo. Iza kunika uvavanyo injongo izakhiwo umthwalo-zithwele kunye nezixhobo zabo kunye nozinzo.

Eemviwo phambi kokuba ukulungiswa okanye ukwakhiwa

Xa uhlela ngokutsha yotshintsho wesakhiwo okanye kuncendile enkulu kucetyiswa ukuba aqhube uphando izakhiwo yokwakha. Imfuneko yale nkqubo ibinyanzeliswa awohluke yokuqulunqwa ngale misebenzi.

Ukuyila isakhiwo esitsha - umsebenzi lula kunokuba izicwangciso umsebenzi kunye into ekhona. Kulo mzekelo, ukuhlolwa kunye nobugcisa nokuhlolwa izakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo yenziwa ukuze imisele ukuba ngawaphi amacandelo esi sakhiwo kufuneka itshintshwe okanye ndomelezeka, yintoni utshintsho ziya kwenziwa kwizicwangciso lwezakhiwo.

Xa uziyilela ungatshintsha ukusebenza loo nto, ukuze bandise okanye ukunciphisa ummandla, kuxhomekeke iminqweno yomnini. ukuhlolwa Technical izakhiwo ziya kwenza kube lula ukufumanisa umgangatho imithwalo elamkelekileyo ukwanda phezu kweziseko ezixhasa ngexesha ezinjenge okanye superstructure kwesakhiwo.

Kut- zokwakha kunye nomsebenzi indibano emva kokunqumama elide, kakhulu, ifuna uphando kuqala ukuze libone ukuba imeko yangoku yokwakha ukuqinisekisa ukuba baqhubeke nomsebenzi.

Deformation nomonakalo kwizakhiwo - ithuba ukuba balobe

Imbonakalo iziphene okanye umonakalo kwiziseko, kukuvela utshintsho deformation ngexesha nokusebenza ukwakha isiseko ukuze unikwe uvavanyo.

ukuhlolwa Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo lwenziwa ukuze siqaphele iziphene eziye loyilo, ukwakha imigangatho kunye nokuhlukunyezwa umsebenzi. Kuyenzeka ukuba ukubona umtshato efihliweyo iziphene, iziganeko izinto onganeno.

Le saveyi ziya kunceda ukuchonga abenzi abanye izakhiwo umonakalo. Monakalo oluphumayo into yokuba uyilo okanye ukwakha imisebenzi eyenziwa ngokungakhathali okanye akulunganga, kwabakho umlilo okanye izikhukhula kwigumbi osecaleni okanye isakhiwo kuqhutywa umsebenzi wokwakha ehlabathini ezakhokelela, umzekelo, ukuba subgrade deformation. Ngokomgangatho kwaqhutywa uphando liya kubonelela ithuba ukuchonga ngobungakanani bomonakalo, ahlawule imali ngokusebenzisa iinkundla, ukufumanisa amathuba ukusetyenziswa ngakumbi sakhiwo.

Ukuqhuba isaveyi kuyimfuneko ngokubhekiselele kwizakhiwo zonakala ngexesha zendalo okanye iintlekele ezenziwe ngabantu. Iza kubonelela ithuba ukuhlola imeko yesakhiwo, ithuba lokusetyenziswa kwayo elizayo, imfuno kunye nemali ukulungiswa ngokutsha imisebenzi.

Ukuhlolwa kwezakhiwo - amanqanaba

ukuhlolwa ngokupheleleyo izakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo iquka izigaba ezithathu amaqhina oqhagamshelwano: ukulungiswa, ukuhlolwa ezibonwayo kunye noviwo eneenkcukacha. Kwezinye iimeko, kwanele ukuba izigaba ezibini zokuqala, ekubeni yokugqibela kuquka ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezizodwa kunye neendleko apha ezongezelelweyo. Imfuneko iimviwo oluneenkcukacha emiselwe oyingcali, kwaye amisiweyo, ukuba uhlolo olubonakalayo ayikwazanga zibonisa ngokupheleleyo zonke iingxaki.

Ukuze sihlole ngakumbi ngokucokisekileyo isakhiwo kunye ngempumelelo wasebenzisa imager thermal - kukho izixhobo ezizodwa diagnostic, ukubona utshintsho kwinqanaba obushushu. Inokukunceda ufumane emehlweni yeziphene Ofihliweyo ukuhlalutya kwiimpazamo isakhiwo yokwakha. Isenzo esi sixhobo isekelwe umfanekiso ithengise infrared.

Ukulungiselela isaveyi kwesakhiwo

Ngexesha lamalungiselelo uchwepheshe kwakhona into ngokwayo, iprojekthi kunye namaxwebhu olawulo kunye bonke iirekhodi ezifumaneka malunga kwenziwe phambi ukulungiswa nokuvuselelwa kwazo, kwakunye nophando zangaphambili. Amaxwebhu sifundo inika iinkcukacha malunga nexesha loyilo kunye nolwakhiwo, ubuchule zokwakha, izinto ezisetyenziswayo, ukutyeshela okunokuthi kunye notshintsho projekthi, iinkcukacha kwiimeko kwaye izakuvela kwi ngexesha iziphene zayo kunye nomonakalo. Xa kungekho kwamaxwebhu afunekayo iyenziwa imilinganiselo kunye nokudala umzobo. Ngokusekelwe ifunyenwe inkqubo technical task owakhiwa ngayo imisebenzi.

zoviwo lokulungiselela nezoviwo uphando olunzulu

Uhambo uhlolo olubonakalayo yonke isakhiwo kunye namacandelo ngamnye. Isebenzisa izixhobo zokulinganisa nezixhobo. Yinkcazelo iingxaki ezichongiweyo kunye nezindululo ukuhlangabezana nazo.

Ukuba ebudeni uhlolo olubonakalayo kutyhilwa umonakalo ebonakalayo, ukunciphisa amandla izakhiwo kunye nezinto ngamnye, okanye ukungakwazi ukugqiba uyilo isifundo, bubulumko uviwo eneenkcukacha. Ngokuba kuye, izixhobo ezizodwa, zokwakha izixhobo, neesampuli zithathwa ukulungiselela iimviwo elebhu.

Xa uhlolo lobugcisa izakhiwo ezigqityiweyo, liqulunqe ingxelo technical enoku yonke idatha kunye neziphumo zophando, izindululo ukusombulula iingxaki ezichongiweyo, iinketho kunokwenzeka ukuba ulwakhiwo sufaka.