Ugonyo of DPT: ukucazulula, iziphumo kunye neempendulo

Xa intsapho kukho umntwana omncinci, abazali abatsha ngoko kunkqonkqoza phantsi: yintoni ukondla, ukunxiba njani, ukuba benze ntoni xa ngebhaqo wagula ... Kwaye ngoko, evela ngaphantsi kweenyanga ezintathu umhla wokuzalwa, oogqirha babantwana ifuna ugonyo kunye Dube (yombhalo izifinyezo - adsorbed pertussis-ukubola komqala-ngqi). Wakuba ufunde malunga neziphumo ezibi, oomama qhiwu intloko yakhe. Masizame kunye uku bana phandle yothusa: Ukuchumisa abeke okanye ukushiya umntwana sesichengeni izifo ezoyikekayo?

Yintoni ugonyo Dube

Xa eneenyanga ezintandathu ubudala ukwakha inkqubo yomntwana yabo yokuzikhusela, leyo, Kakade, kunegalelo isikhuselo-yesondlo. Ngoko ke, ngeli xesha kwi khalenda ziquka Dube ugonyo. Kuqondwe ithi nokubunjwa kwayo iqulethe iiseli kubulawa iintsholongwane kuzo zonke zontathu izifo. Oku kuyimfuneko ukuze umzimba usana wadibana c iiseli ezinobungozi kunye amajoni omzimba liqulunqe izilwa-buhlungu.

Ngoko ke bakha "imemori eyiselula": Met kunye lwegciwane efanayo kwixesha elizayo kwinkqubo yemfundo, khumbula intsholongwane. omzimba Ready ziza kwenziwa ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo eya kunceda ukumelana ngokukhawuleza nesi sifo. Pertussis elibangela indlela zobundlobongela (ubushushu, ukudumba), ngoko abantwana okuncitshiswe amachiza zinika analogu - DT (ukubola komqala-ngqi).

Njani ezi zifo eziyingozi

Le usulelo noko singanyangekiyo kwaye neziphumo kakhulu. Makhe siqwalasele nabo ngokwahlukeneyo:

1. Pertussis. Kuye lula kwengqondo kunye nomkhuhlane okanye banal ebandayo: zonke Ukhohlokhohlo efanayo kunye nempumlo esihambisayo. Yaye kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa kamva, xa iimpawu SARS kufuneka sele kubanjwa, kucacile ukuba umfanekiso eyahlukileyo kakhulu. unkonkonko yonke imeko imini siya siba sibi, ukhohlokhohlo buhlungu ungatsala ukuya kwimizuzu eli-15, kulandele ukugabha okanye ukopha. Kwiintsana kunokukhokelela ekubanjweni sokuphefumla. Isiphumo ingaba i "ifomu eyintsalela", xa kubanda ngamnye elibaleka le Ukhohlokhohlo efanayo eziqatha.

Kwimeko ukubola komqala nominxano, loo nto kwabangcangcazelisayo na iintsholongwane ngokwazo, yaye yityhefu azivelisayo.

2. Diphtheria. Ityhefu ichaphazela intliziyo, isibindi kunye nezintso, luvo. Isiphumo kungenzeka ukomiwa.

3. isigonyo. Nkqu yoyikeka kakhulu ityhefu evela intsholongwane ebangela aqaqambayo kakhulu, nto leyo zikhatshwa iintlungu kunye amahlaba. zokuma okanye ukuphefumla - ivamile.

Ukhuselo enokuthenjwa kuphela ugonyo kunye Dube. Ziqonde ngamanye amaxesha uyothuka abazali bakhe multicomponent. Kodwa kubalulekile ubuninzi kodwa ukuhambelana. Yile indibanisela-1940 kwaye nangoku kubhekwe ezifanelekileyo. Ukongezelela, kunye Dube, kuvumelekile ukuba ukugonyelwa ipoliyo no B.

Types of amachiza asetyenziswa

Namhlanje, abazali Ungakhetha ukubethelela emntwaneni wakho. Babase kwisitofu routine iqhele ukusetyenziswa yasekhaya uguqulelo Dube (okotshiweyo lumelwe kancinci ngentla). Ukuze ufumane imali, uyakwazi ukubeka isitofu "Infanrix".

Faka indibanisela kweziyobisi:

• "Pentaxim" - a ipoliyo Dube + standard + Hib.
• "Tritanriks-HB» - Dube + hepatitis B.

nokugonywa Schedule

sezifo Local ngokuqhelekileyo ulumkisa ukuba lifikile ixesha lokuba ukubeka lokugonya. Amazwe athile ishedyuli eyahlukileyo kancinci. In Russia namhlanje, umntwana ufumana kwiinyanga zokuqala Dube 3. Okwesibini kufuneka balandele 4.5, eyesithathu - seenyanga ezintandathu. Emva kokuba ikhefu elide (unyaka), olu gonyo yokugqibela azibekwa kwiinyanga ezili-18. Oku kugqiba ikhosi ngokupheleleyo kogonyo yaye umntwana ufumana 100 ukukhuselwa ezi zifo%.

Nakuba kunjalo, lo mbuzo ka Dube ugonyo abaninzi kangakanani na ukufumana kid zisavuliwe. Kwamanye amazwe, ukuba benziwe 3, 6 no-18 leenyanga. Ukongeza, kukho medotvody ngenxa yezizathu zempilo. Ukuba ubeka kwedosi yokuqala, uze emva koko uthabathe ikhefu, awufuni ukuqalisa ugonyo kuqala, ukuze baqhubeke kwikhonkco wamngena ngokwaneleyo. Revaccination oluqhutywa kweminyaka emi-6 no-14, uze emva kweminyaka elishumi.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba unkonkonko kakhulu yingozi kubantwana abancinane. Ngoko ke, ukuba umntwana ukuya kwiminyaka-4 engazanga zigonywe ngotofo Dube, ngoko kusenokwenzeka ukuba agonye ukulungiselela DT, ngokuba pertussis ubudala nangaphezulu ahanjiswa lula kakhulu.

Ukulungiselela nokugonywa

Oku akusoloko wabantwana yendawo amisele uhlolo olupheleleyo kunye nokuqokelelwa neemvavanyo phambi zisigonyelwe. Oku kuchazwe lula, anikwe umsebenzi wayo. Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha nje ukubuza abazali ukuba umntwana uphilile, kwaye phezu kwesi siseko, igunyazise ugonyo. Ekubeni uxanduva impilo ebantwaneni kunye nabazali, bona athathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo:

• Khetha i ugqirha elizimeleyo.
• Thatha indlela yakhe phezu kuhlalutyo ultrasound.
• Tyelela i luvo.
• Fumana inkcazelo epheleleyo malunga zokugonya ezikhoyo kwilizwe lakho kunye neengcebiso yeyiphi ukhethe.

Ukuba umntwana siphilile, ukuba phantse ngaphandle umngcipheko, inokuqhutywa DTP sokugonya. Ziqonde le abbreviation kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba izifo ezoyikekayo umnike ukhuseleko. Masithi umfana ninga, akaqhotyoshelwanga ukugonyelwa nominxano. Zingaphi izihlandlo kuyaphula edolweni, phina phezu kocingo umhlwa? Kwaye konke ukwenzakala enjalo - umncipheko zibambe kusulelo, ziyingozi 85% yamatyala.

Ukuba umhla ugonyo i ucwangciselwe iintsuku-6 (3 phambi no-3 emva kokuba ngogonyo) kufuneka banikwe lo mntwana isiqingatha icwecwe "suprastin" kusasa nangokuhlwa. Musa ukondla usana lwakho phambi wayetyelele igumbi unyango. Emva DTP wafaka akukhuthazwa ukuba imizuzu engama-30 ukuya ushiye iklinikhi ukuze afumane uncedo ngokukhawuleza xa kukho uxabane nawo. Ukufika ekhaya, ngoko nangoko ukunika arhente antipyretic, umzekelo, "Nurofen" okanye amakhandlela kunye paracetamol. Kwakhona ilifa ukusebenza iintlungu eziya kunceda lula kwiimvuthuluka ukudlulisa gonyo. Ukuba ngosuku lwesibini ubushushu eziqhelekileyo, kuphela anokurhoxiswa antipyretic. Ukuba kukho ubushushu kakhulu, kwaye ngomhla wesithathu, ngoko kubiza ugqirha wakho.

Ukonakala emva kogonyo

Kuzo zonke mandatory nzima wayisonga DPT - sokugonya, apho isandi ngathi okotshiweyo ye adsorbed pertussis-ukubola komqala-ngqi. Namhlanje, uyakwazi ukufumana okuninzi zokufunda, ukuthetha nxamnye ugonyo ngokubanzi, bonke bephela karhi ukuba imiphumela emibi DPT ugonyo.

Malunga nama-30% amatyala zenzeka iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zilandelayo:

• ububomvu kunye ekweneni site ziphene;
• ukwanda okuncinane kakhulu lobushushu emzimbeni;
• landa ixhala;
• ukuphazamiseka wokugaya.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe kanjalo ukuba esi eqhelekileyo xa ufunyansiwe ukuba i-Dube, imiphumo ekulweni umzimba ngokuchasene iiseli ezingaqhelekanga kunye uxabene. Iimpawu zinyamalale kwisithuba ngenye imini emva Ukuchumisa. namhlanje kukuba kude bonke abantwana kulindeleke ukuba zibangele ukuba benza obekudibene nezigulana abeza kuba tyelelo. Ngoko ke, iimpumlo ezivuzayo nokurhuda emva kogonyo ukuze bangabi nolwalamano ngqo kuyo.

Ngelishwa, asiyiyo into embi enokwenzeka emva kokuba isitofu Dube kusinda. Imiphumo eluhlobo nokudumba eyomeleleyo (ngaphezu kwe-10cm), isimo sentlalo ekhala umntwana kunye namaqondo clusive ngaphezu kweqondo 39 zithathwa kakhulu. Kukho izinto ezifana nokungakwazi abantwana malunga 1 ukuya 15,000.

Kwiimeko ezinqabe kakhulu, imvelaphi inokuba njengokubonisa akayicingi efihliweyo ngaphambili ezimbi kwezintso, hepatic, izifo central system luvo. Yabhalwa kwimeko uphuhliso olukhawulezayo abafayo glomerulonephritis kunye nomntwana ngeveki emva Dube. Ukongeza, kunokwenzeka umothuko anaphylactic, ukuxhuzula, Encephalopathy. Nezihlandlo iingxaki ezinjalo lincinane kakhulu, malunga 1 ityala abantwana 500 000-1 000 000. Kodwa abanye, oku ityala bonke abafayo ...

Le ugonyo lokuqala: amanqaku abalulekileyo

Ngoko ke, ukuba iinyanga ezi-3, yaye nantsi ke - isimemo lokugonya kuqala. Kutheni kweli phakade? Ngenxa Esibelekweni Umbungu ngokusebenzisa intambo yosana onalo kwi izilwa sikanina. Ke ukuba, ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe ukwazisa lokugonya, baya kuphazamisana kunye nophuhliso ngumsebenzi wabo. Kodwa kancane umqobo yendalo yokuzikhusela lifinyele, kufuneka ibuyiselwe. Ngoko uchaze oogqirha. Hi ndlela leyi, mhlawumbi, nocela into ukubeka ukugonywa. Khetha sokugonya yokungenisa nyulu, nangona ukuba ihlawulwe.

Kwaye enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo kakhulu. Ukuba unayo into ukubhidanisa usana karhulumente (snot, umkhuhlane), elinye ugonyo, musani ukubaphulaphula iingcebiso olomeleleyo ukuya kwigumbi unyango i ngoko nangoko. It ezinokubonelelwa ngeenyanga 4 kamva. Abasebenzi bezempilo-care - abantu abaxhomekeke, kufuneka ukuba benze umsebenzi wabo ngexesha elililo. Kodwa ke, ubukhulu becala, bambalwa abantu baxhalabile malunga nempilo yomntwana wakho. Kufuneka "uphawu" kule ngxelo, bavune iziqhamo buhlungu unayo. Nakanye, kakade.

Emva kogonyo, ngokusondeleyo bagcine indlela aziphatha ngayo umntwana. Nodanduluko olunamandla, iindumbisa, umkhuhlane - zonke ezo kufuneka zibe nesizathu ukurhoxiswa logonyo ezilandelayo okwethutyana okanye ngokusisigxina, kuxhomekeke ebukhulwini basabela njani. Kuphela nje ukunyuka encinane lobushushu (37-38 degrees) zingathathwa ngokuba impendulo eqhelekileyo i-DTP lokugonya. Uphawu kwaye bomvu kuyo inaliti akufuneki abambe ngaphezu ngemini, kwaye mkhulu kwe-5 cm ubukhulu. Hi ndlela leyi, i "Infanrix" iziyobisi ngokubanzi akuthethi baxabane kunye nezigulo zivunwe kakuhle.

Olu gonyo yesibini

iintsuku 30-45 ukuba iidosi lokuqala ikhutshelwe kakuhle, ugqirha uya kumema ukuba ukuphinda-ugonyo. Ukuba umntwana ongaphilanga ngeli xesha, le nkqubo walala yes achache. Nceda uqaphele ukuba yokusabela namandla ngakumbi kwixesha lokuqala. Oku eqhelekileyo, ngenxa yokuba umzimba sele bakwazi ukuphuhlisa isixa esithile omzimba.

Ukuba udokotela akazange acele, qiniseka ukuba akhumbuze naye malunga zasabela olu gonyo kuqala. Ukuba sele ivakalise, imfuneko yokusebenzisa isitofu sokugonya elizweni, njengoko zivunwe ngcono. Ukuba kogonyo wawunzima, indawo DPT DT (ngaphandle icandelo pertussis i), okanye rhoxisa ngokupheleleyo, nakuba izibongozo.

A nokugonywa wesithathu

Ngamanye amaxesha ke yena, hayi ugonyo yesibini, na impendulo elinamandla. Ngeli xesha sele ukwazi, njengomntwana ithwala eli chiza kwaye unokwenza isigqibo esifanelekileyo. Kakade ke, akukho mfuneko yokuba esichengeni impilo, ukuba kukho iingxaki ezifunyanwa. Emva kwedosi sesithathu isitofu kucingwa ukuba umzimba ukhuselekile ngokupheleleyo ezi zifo ezintathu.

Nokuba ngempumelelo ugonyo luxhomekeke kuyo inaliti

Ewe. Ichiza ilungiselelwe inaliti intramuscular. Xa abantwana abancinane, kulungile, ephuhliswe izihlunu ethangeni, ukuba kukho kwaye ibekwe Dube sokugonya. Kokuhlaziya (reviews ziqulathe rhoqo isiqulatho aluminiyam ukunganeliseki, aye adjuvant) qho mandatory ekhoyo kumqulu, njengoko unako uqinisekise ngokujonga ifoto yokuqala nqaku. Ngelishwa, akusoloko uchwepheshe ukuchazela abazali bakhathazekile, kutheni simele i-aluminiyamu ngasentla, kwaye elingumthombo, oko kunxulumene ngqo umbuzo obuzwe nezihlokwana. aluminium hayidroksayidi lokugonya adsorbed zonke izinto ayigcine kuyo inaliti ixesha elide, ukuze omzimba kufuneka yenziwe phambi kokuba bangene egazini kwaye iya kuba imveliso emzimbeni. akunjalo ichiza ngokuzitofela phantsi kwesikhumba hayi izihlunu adipose, oko kukuthi, waya esihlunwini. Abantwana abadala ngaphezu kweminyaka 4 benza edubuleyo kwi yengalo.

Ngaba kufuneka ukuba abeke ugonyo?

Namhlanje, abazali ngokwenene uyibeke kwindawo engenakwenzeka. Abafuni - musa ukuyenza, impendulo wena uyazisola, ukuba umntwana wakho ogula kakhulu. Sasuka? Kulungile. Kodwa phawula: ukuba kukho iingxaki, wena awufuni ukuba agonywe. Uphando olubanzi efunekayo, ngasendleleni, akukho namnye inika okanye yabe-. Abazali izama ukufumana impendulo ezincwadini, amanqaku, amaqonga, iingxoxo kwi Dube. Kokuhlaziya, ncomo, iinkcazelo abo amatyala ezinqabileyo kakhulu apho iziphumo kakhulu kakhulu - konke oku kuthetha ngokucacileyo wakhetha zisigonyelwe. Yintoni ukwenza ntoni?

Makhe ukuvula nembali. Phambi kokuqala nogonyo kunye pertussis ubuhlungu bonke abantwana, kwaye ubuncinane-5% wafa. Ukubola komqala kudluliselwa malunga nama-25% abantwana, kunye nokufa kuvandlakanywa% amatyala 50. Ngqi - isifo esiyingozi kakhulu. Kwaye namhlanje, nangona inkqubela zonyango mihla, izinga lokusweleka yi malunga ne 80% amatyala.

Enye into kukuba ngenxa ekugonyweni ubunzima umngcipheko nezifo liye lehla ngokuphawulekayo, ukuze umntwana wakho akhule kwaye musa agule. Kwakhona, kwi-70 yomtshangatshangiso kwenzeka eYurophu, ukusilela agonye. Ilandelwe kule minyaka ilishumi ezayo inani izifo, iingxaki kunye ukufa obungako amatyala yeengxaki emva kogonyo.

Ukushwankathela, singatsho ukuba Dube - isitofu sokugonya, ukubuyekeza apho unako ukufumana iintlobo ngeentlobo ngokufuthi - HIV kabukhali, ngenxa reactogenicity yalo phezulu. Kodwa xa athe ngenyameko ukukhetha ichiza Kwathi uhlalutyo lokuqala nokulungiselela umzimba ukulungiselela usana, unga nciphisa kakhulu ubungozi iingxaki kunye nokukhusela abantwana kwizifo ezinobungozi. Wena - abazali, wena isigqibo.