Ubunono kunye ne-biography kaEdward Munch. Umculi waseNorway Edvard Munch

Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngomdwebi waseNorway kunye nomdwebi wezobugcisa, u-theorist wezobugcisa kunye nomculi wezobugcisa uEdd Munke. Ubhekwa njengommeli wokubonakalisa, kunye nenye yeyokuqala. Umsebenzi wakhe unempembelelo enkulu kubahlali namhlanje. Imizobo yakhe ibininzi neengqungquthela zoluntu kunye nokufa, kunye nokunxanwa ubomi. Lo mntu wadala imifanekiso ekhethiweyo ekhethekileyo eyenza ukuba umbukeli angene kwelinye ilizwe, elingaqhelekanga nelesabekayo. E. Munch yile talente yangempela kunye nenkosi yakhe. Wafaka imifanekiso kuphela xa iimvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo ziphazamisekile: emva koko, abadali bendalo benza i-masterpieces kweli lizwe.

Ubuntwana

Umculi uEdward Munch, ozalwa ngawo ngo-1863, wazalwa kwintsapho enkulu. Uyise, ongumKristu, wayengumgqirha wamajoni. UMunch wayenodade osekhulile, uJohann Sophia, u-Andreas umzalwana kunye noodade abancinci ababini, uLaura no-Inger. Intsapho yayiphila ngokuthobeka, ungatsho nokuba ihlwempu. Kodwa iMunki yayinabantu abafundiswe kakuhle kunye nabahlalisayo, ngoko baxinezeleke kakhulu imeko yabo yesikhashana. Iingcambu zabo zenkcubeko zazizinzulu kakhulu: isihlobo esisekude sasingumculi owaziwayo we-neoclassical, umfundi kaJacques-Louis David ngokwakhe. Uyise ka-Christian Munch wayengumshumayeli owaziyo nowamthandayo, kwaye umntakwabo, uPeter Andreas Munch, ungumlando-mlando obalaseleyo.

Kulo lonke u-Edward ebuntwaneni bakhe, intsapho yakhe yayihlala isuka kwindawo eya kwindawo. Oku bekubangelwa ityala leenkonzo zikayise, kwaye ngenxa yokuba ukungabikho kwemali rhoqo kwanyanzelisa intsapho ukuba ifune izindlu ezincinci. Ngokuqhelekileyo intsapho yayiseChristiania, eNorway (ngoku i-Oslo). I-biography kaEdward Munch ukususela ebuntwaneni kunamabala amnyama: eneminyaka eyi-5 waphulukana nonina, owafa ngesifo sofuba. Kwaye emva kokuphela kuka-10 ubudala udade uSophie wafa ngesifo esifanayo. Kwiimemori zakhe, u-E. Munk wathi uyise wayesoloko ebonisa inceba, kodwa inkolelo enkulu yayinokholo lwakhe, oludlula yonke imida yokuqonda. U-Little Edward wayehlala ehlushwa yimibono eyingozi yesihogo, ngenxa yoko wakhula umntwana oxhalabileyo. Kamva kamva, izalamane zakhumbula ukuba italente yokudweba ibonakaliswe kwinkwenkwe esemncinci kakhulu.

Njengoko sele kuthethwe ngaye, udade ka Edward, uSophie, wafa ngesifo sofuba. Oku kwakumnye umsindo kuye, kuba babesondelene kakhulu. Abaphandi abaninzi bomsebenzi nomsebenzi womdwebi bathi le nto yayiyinto yokuguqulwa kwinkolo. Umculi waseNorway u-Edvard Munk ngokwakhe ukhumbula ukuba ngaloo mini uyise wayedlala ngokuzenzekelayo egumbini, ephethe izandla ngokuthandaza, kodwa wayengenakunceda intombazana ehlwempu. Kamva ezi zikhumbuzo zenza isiseko somfanekiso "Intombazana egulayo".

Ukuba

I-biographie ka-Edward Munch iqhubeka iminyaka. Uya kwikholeji yezobugcisa, apho afundisisa ngokupheleleyo i-science. Umfana uvame ukugula, kodwa uzama ukungaphuthelwa kwiiklasi. Kungekudala le nkwenkwe yenza isigqibo esizimeleyo sokushiya ikholeji ukuba ibe ngumculi. Ngo-1881 wangena kwiRoyal School of Painting e-Christiania. Umcebisi wakhe ngumculi wemvelo ongumKristu Krogh. Ngokukhawuleza wazisa le ndoda kwindoda enkulu yebhomia. Ndiyabulela kuKrestu uKrogh, u-Edward uyazi kakuhle umlobi-u-Hans Eger. Ngokukhawuleza bafumana ulwimi oluqhelekileyo, kwaye uMunk wayevame ukuva impembelelo yalo mntu. Ngomnyaka we-1883, i-start-public public de Edward yaqhubeka-wanikeza umzobo "Umgca wekhanda". Ekupheleni konyaka ozayo, wathola i-scholarship, eya eya eFransi. Ngowe-1886, uMunch wabonisa umfanekiso wakhe othi "Intombazana egulayo", abagxeki bayithatha kakubi. UMunch akazange avume ukuchaswa, kwaye imifanekiso yakhe elandelayo yayilondoloze.

EParis

Imizobo kaMunch isathatha inxaxheba kwimiboniso. Kwaye umculi ngokwakhe emva kwekhefu elifutshane waya eFransi. Lapha uye waya kwizifundo zikaLeon Bonn, waya kwimiboniso. Wazama ezininzi ngeendlela zobugcisa, ngokukodwa wazama ukuChukumisa kunye nePointillism. Kungekudala u-Edward ufunda ngokufa kukayise, kwaye ezi ndaba zimbetha nzima. Akanayo ixesha lokumngcwaba aze awele ekudakaleni okude. U-Edward Munch, owayengumsebenzi wexesha elidlulayo, waphuma kwixinzelelo kwaye wenza enye yezinto ezidumileyo - "Ngobusuku eSt. Cloud".

"Umsindo wobomi"

Ngomnyaka we-1890, i-biography kaEdward Munch ikhanya ngokukhawuleza: umboniso wengubo yakhe yokudweba kwenzeka eKrithaniya, apho ifumana iimpendulo ezithembekileyo. Kungekudala uya ku-Nice, kwaye ubona apha imizobo kaVan Gogh noGauguin, eya kuthi kamva iyakuthandwa. Ngeli xesha, ekugqibeleni kwakhiwa isitayela seMinch - icacile imigca, izifundo ezifuziselayo kunye neefom ezilula. Ukubuyela eNorway, watyhila imidwebo "iMelancholy" kunye ne "The Frieze of Life." Ukususela emfanekisweni wokugqibela, igama elithi "Scream" liza kukhula ngokukhawuleza. Emva kwesikhashana udibana no-A. Norman, ovuyiswa ngumsebenzi ka-Edward. Umphathiswa ocebile uhlela iMonch imiboniso yakhe eBerlin. Imizobo yezobugcisa ithola ukuphononongwa okulungileyo, uvakalelwa ngokuqinisekileyo okokuqala. Ngeli xesha, uMunk unomcimbi kunye nesiNorway esisityebi, esingapheli nantoni na ngaphandle kwexinzelelo lwengqondo.

Izifo

Ngenxa yombononongo weentlanzi, uMunch uqala ukuziva engenakhathazeka, kodwa akaxhomeki kubaluleke kakhulu kule nto. Kungekudala unobunye ubudlelwane kunye ne-violoncellist. Kodwa le ncwadana iphela kunye nokuhlula kunzima ngenxa yokuziphatha okungaqhelekanga kukaMunch. Uqala ukubonisa ubugwenxa kunye nokusola ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Inani elikhulu labantu liyabona ukuba uEdward uyasicutha ngokukhawuleza kwaye yena ucela iingxabano. Ngomnyaka we-1908 wabekwa esibhedlele sengqondo kwiCopenhagen ngokuxilongwa kwengxaki yengqondo. Uchitha khona isiqingatha sonyaka, asebenze ngobuchule ekudaleni.

Iminyaka edluleyo

U Edward Munch, inyaniso enomdla malunga nokuba ayininzi kangakanani, unokutshilo into ethile. Ngoko, wayevame ukuhlushwa yizinto zokubamba, ezichazwe kwincwadi yakhe yedayari. Kukholelwa ukuba wayesaba ngabafazi abomvu abomvu. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imidwebo yakhe ifumene iimpawu ezininzi, kodwa izifundo ezinokuthula. Ngomnyaka we-1916 wathenga i-villa, apho waqala khona ukulima. Sekuyiminyaka emibini ugule "iSpeyin", kodwa ngokukhawuleza abuyele. Ngowe-1930, wayenengxaki ngombono, kungenxa yoko wayephantse wayeka ukubhala. Xa iNorway yayihlala, uMunch wayebizwa ngokuba ngumculi "weNordic". Kungekudala isimo sengqondo samaNazi ku-Edward sashintsha waza wachazwa. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje wahlala enoyika ukuba izinto zakhe zokudweba zithathwe ekhaya lakhe. Umculi wafa ngo-1944, inyanga emva kokuzalwa kwakhe kwe-80.

"Memeza"

U Edward Munch - U-Impressionist, owayeyithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokupenda kwakhe "Ukukrazula". Ingqikithi kukho iindidi zayo ezi-4, ezabhalwa ngexesha le-1893-1910. Ekuqaleni, umbhali wambiza ngokuthi "Ukuphelelwa lithemba." Le ndoda, inokutshatyalaliswa ngokukrakra emfanekisweni, ngokukhawuleza waba ngenye yezinto ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo kwezobugcisa. Enye inguqu yomfanekiso isezandleni zomqokeleli ozimeleyo. Ukuthengiswa komzobo kwintengiso eyenziwe "Ukukrazula" umsebenzi obizayo kakhulu wobugcisa.

Imifanekiso ye-Kidning

I-biographie ka-Edward Munch iyaqhubeka namhlanje, kuba kwimifanekiso yakhe yedwa. Imisebenzi yakhe yobugcisa ngokuqhelekileyo yaba yinto yokuxhatshazwa kwabenzi bokubi. Ngowe-1994, umdwebo wakhe owaziwayo othi "Ukumemeza" kwiGalari yeSizwe yabiwa. Izigwenxa ziye zacinga ngokucokisekileyo ukweba, ngoko kwiinyanga ezimbalwa umfanekiso ubuyiselwe. Kwakhona, ukwebiwa kwepeyinti ye-Vampire kwenziwe. Nangona kunjalo, ii-arhente zokunyanzelisa umthetho zenze uphando oluyimpumelelo, ngenxa yokuba "iVampire" yafunyanwa. Ngo-2004, iqela lamasela lalikhupha ukutshintshwa kweMadonna neCreek emidwebo evela kwiMyuziyam yaseMunch. Ngo-2006, babuyiselwa kwiMyuziyam, kwaye abagwenxa bafumana isohlwayo. Zomibini imifanekiso zonakaliswe. Emva kokubuya kwepeyinti kwiMyuziyam, kwafunyaniswa ukutshitshiswa, ukulandelwa kwamanzi, ukuhlanjululwa kunye nokuhlahlela. Ababuyiseli benza konke abakwaziyo, kodwa ezinye iindawo zahlala zibonakala.